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fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"id":47,"title":48,"author":49,"body":50,"cefrLevel":764,"date":49,"description":765,"exercises":766,"extension":836,"faqs":837,"gcseTier":49,"intro":49,"language":850,"lastUpdated":49,"meta":851,"navigation":852,"path":853,"seo":854,"stem":855,"verbSlugs":49,"__hash__":856},"pages\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Femphasis-with-do.md","Emphasis in English: I do like it, my own, the very, and how to push back",null,{"type":51,"value":52,"toc":750},"minimark",[53,85,99,104,110,130,136,221,227,232,238,275,285,289,295,319,326,330,336,354,363,406,426,430,446,487,519,523,538,587,612,616,619,696,700,703,720,729],[54,55,56,57,61,62,65,66,61,69,72,73,76,77,80,81,84],"p",{},"Learners reaching for emphasis usually pile up adverbs: ",[58,59,60],"em",{},"really",", ",[58,63,64],{},"actually",",\n",[58,67,68],{},"totally",[58,70,71],{},"completely",". It works, roughly, in the way that shouting works.\nEnglish has quieter machinery for adding force, and native speakers run it\nconstantly: a stressed ",[58,74,75],{},"do"," dropped in front of the verb, an ",[58,78,79],{},"own"," after a\npossessive, a ",[58,82,83],{},"the very"," before a noun. None of it changes the facts of the\nsentence. All of it changes the pressure behind them.",[54,86,87,88,93,94,98],{},"This page covers the small tools. The heavy machinery, rebuilding the whole\nsentence to spotlight one part of it, lives at\n",[89,90,92],"a",{"href":91},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcleft-sentences","cleft sentences"," and\n",[89,95,97],{"href":96},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Finversion-and-word-order","inversion",".",[100,101,103],"h2",{"id":102},"emphatic-do-does-and-did","Emphatic do, does and did",[54,105,106,107,109],{},"English normally only uses ",[58,108,75],{}," as a helper in questions and negatives. Put\nit into a plain positive statement, stress it, and the sentence acquires\nforce:",[111,112,113,120],"ul",{},[114,115,116,119],"li",{},[58,117,118],{},"I like it."," (a fact)",[114,121,122,129],{},[58,123,124,125,128],{},"I ",[126,127,75],"strong",{}," like it."," (a fact under pressure: somebody doubted it)",[54,131,132,133],{},"The grammar is strict and simple: ",[126,134,135],{},"do carries the tense and the person, and\nthe main verb drops to its base form.",[137,138,139,155],"table",{},[140,141,142],"thead",{},[143,144,145,149,152],"tr",{},[146,147,148],"th",{},"Plain",[146,150,151],{},"Emphatic",[146,153,154],{},"Not",[156,157,158,180,201],"tbody",{},[143,159,160,166,175],{},[161,162,163],"td",{},[58,164,165],{},"She calls.",[161,167,168],{},[58,169,170,171,174],{},"She ",[126,172,173],{},"does"," call.",[161,176,177],{},[58,178,179],{},"she does calls",[143,181,182,187,196],{},[161,183,184],{},[58,185,186],{},"He cared.",[161,188,189],{},[58,190,191,192,195],{},"He ",[126,193,194],{},"did"," care.",[161,197,198],{},[58,199,200],{},"he did cared",[143,202,203,208,216],{},[161,204,205],{},[58,206,207],{},"They work hard.",[161,209,210],{},[58,211,212,213,215],{},"They ",[126,214,75],{}," work hard.",[161,217,218],{},[58,219,220],{},"they do working hard",[54,222,223,224,226],{},"If the main verb still has an ending on it, the sentence is broken. The tense\nlives on ",[58,225,75],{}," now; the verb has handed it over.",[228,229,231],"h3",{"id":230},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[54,233,234,235,237],{},"Emphatic ",[58,236,75],{}," is not decoration. It answers something: a doubt, a denial, an\nexpectation that the opposite was true. The three classic jobs:",[111,239,240,252,264],{},[114,241,242,245,246],{},[126,243,244],{},"Contradiction."," ",[58,247,248,249,251],{},"You did not lock the door. - I ",[126,250,194],{}," lock it.",[114,253,254,245,257,263],{},[126,255,256],{},"Concession.",[58,258,259,260,262],{},"The flat is small, but it ",[126,261,173],{}," have a garden."," You\nadmit one thing and push back with another.",[114,265,266,245,269,274],{},[126,267,268],{},"Insistence.",[58,270,124,271,273],{},[126,272,75],{}," hope you will come."," Politeness with weight\nbehind it; common in invitations and thanks.",[54,276,277,278,280,281,284],{},"Dropped into a sentence with no doubt anywhere near it, ",[58,279,75],{}," sounds odd, like\nanswering a question nobody asked. If everyone already believes you like the\nsoup, ",[58,282,283],{},"I do like the soup"," makes the table wonder who said you did not.",[228,286,288],{"id":287},"do-with-imperatives","Do with imperatives",[54,290,291,292,294],{},"In front of an imperative, ",[58,293,75],{}," turns an instruction into a warm one:",[111,296,297,305,312],{},[114,298,299],{},[58,300,301,304],{},[126,302,303],{},"Do"," sit down.",[114,306,307],{},[58,308,309,311],{},[126,310,303],{}," help yourself.",[114,313,314],{},[58,315,316,318],{},[126,317,303],{}," be careful on the stairs.",[54,320,321,322,325],{},"This is the voice of a host. It is friendly, slightly formal, and very\nBritish. The negative already belongs to everyone: ",[58,323,324],{},"don't"," is simply how\nnegative imperatives are built, emphasis or not.",[100,327,329],{"id":328},"echo-emphasis-pushing-back-on-what-was-just-said","Echo emphasis: pushing back on what was just said",[54,331,332,333,335],{},"The commonest home of emphatic ",[58,334,75],{}," is the second line of an argument.\nSomebody states a negative about you; you repeat their sentence with the\nstress moved onto the auxiliary:",[111,337,338,346],{},[114,339,340],{},[58,341,342,343,345],{},"You never listen. - I ",[126,344,75],{}," listen.",[114,347,348],{},[58,349,350,351,353],{},"You forgot to write. - I ",[126,352,194],{}," write.",[54,355,356,357],{},"The rule for which word to stress: ",[126,358,359,360,362],{},"if the sentence already has an\nauxiliary or be, stress that; ",[58,361,75],{}," only appears when there is nothing else\nto stress.",[111,364,365,379,388,397],{},[114,366,367,374,375,378],{},[58,368,369,370,373],{},"You were not listening. - I ",[126,371,372],{},"was"," listening."," (not ",[58,376,377],{},"I do was",")",[114,380,381],{},[58,382,383,384,387],{},"You cannot drive. - I ",[126,385,386],{},"can"," drive.",[114,389,390],{},[58,391,392,393,396],{},"You have never helped. - I ",[126,394,395],{},"have"," helped.",[114,398,399],{},[58,400,401,402,405],{},"You are not sorry. - I ",[126,403,404],{},"am"," sorry.",[54,407,408,409,413,414,417,418,421,422,425],{},"This is the same family of auxiliaries that builds\n",[89,410,412],{"href":411},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fquestion-tags","question tags",", doing yet another job. The\nmistake to avoid is doubling up: ",[58,415,416],{},"I do am listening"," and ",[58,419,420],{},"I do can drive"," are\nnever right, because ",[58,423,424],{},"be"," and the modals refuse do-support everywhere in\nEnglish, emphasis included.",[100,427,429],{"id":428},"own-possession-with-the-doors-shut","own: possession with the doors shut",[54,431,432,61,435,61,438,441,442,445],{},[58,433,434],{},"My own",[58,436,437],{},"her own",[58,439,440],{},"their own"," add one idea to plain possession: ",[126,443,444],{},"nobody\nelse's."," Not shared, not borrowed, not provided by somebody who could take\nit back.",[111,447,448,457,466,475],{},[114,449,450,456],{},[58,451,452,453,455],{},"my ",[126,454,79],{}," room"," - a room I do not share",[114,458,459,465],{},[58,460,461,462,464],{},"She has her ",[126,463,79],{}," money."," - and therefore does not need anyone's\npermission",[114,467,468,474],{},[58,469,470,471,473],{},"He grows his ",[126,472,79],{}," vegetables."," - rather than buying them",[114,476,477,482,483,486],{},[58,478,479,480],{},"a place of our ",[126,481,79],{}," - the pattern with ",[58,484,485],{},"of",", common with homes",[54,488,489,490,492,493,61,496,61,499,502,503,506,507,510,511,514,515,518],{},"Two grammar points keep learners honest. First, ",[58,491,79],{}," demands a possessive in\nfront of it: ",[58,494,495],{},"my own",[58,497,498],{},"John's own",[58,500,501],{},"of her own",". ",[58,504,505],{},"An own room"," is not\nEnglish; if there is no possessor, the word cannot appear. Second, ",[58,508,509],{},"on my\nown"," is a fixed phrase meaning ",[58,512,513],{},"alone",": ",[58,516,517],{},"She fixed the car on her own."," Same\nword, different job, equally useful.",[100,520,522],{"id":521},"the-very-exactness-not-intensity","the very: exactness, not intensity",[54,524,525,526,529,530,533,534,537],{},"Before an adjective, ",[58,527,528],{},"very"," means ",[58,531,532],{},"extremely",". Before a noun, it changes\ntrade entirely and means ",[58,535,536],{},"exactly this one",":",[111,539,540,549,558,567],{},[114,541,542,548],{},[58,543,544,545,547],{},"He left the ",[126,546,528],{}," day I arrived."," - that exact day",[114,550,551,557],{},[58,552,553,554,556],{},"You are standing on the ",[126,555,528],{}," spot."," - precisely there",[114,559,560,566],{},[58,561,562,563,565],{},"This is the ",[126,564,528],{}," book I was looking for."," - this one, no substitute",[114,568,569,575,576,575,581,586],{},[58,570,571,572,574],{},"the ",[126,573,528],{}," top"," \u002F ",[58,577,571,578,580],{},[126,579,528],{}," end",[58,582,571,583,585],{},[126,584,528],{}," beginning"," - the\nfurthest point there is",[54,588,589,590,514,593,599,600,603,604,607,608,611],{},"It also fronts a noun to mean ",[58,591,592],{},"the mere idea of it",[58,594,595,596,598],{},"The ",[126,597,528],{}," thought of\nflying makes him sweat."," In every case the article is part of the tool: ",[58,601,602],{},"the\nvery day",", or a possessive, ",[58,605,606],{},"her very first job",". Strip the ",[58,609,610],{},"the"," and the\nstructure collapses.",[100,613,615],{"id":614},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[54,617,618],{},"Ranked by how often learners actually make them.",[620,621,622,639,659,675,687],"ol",{},[114,623,624,245,627,417,630,633,634,514,636,98],{},[126,625,626],{},"A second tense on the main verb.",[58,628,629],{},"She did called",[58,631,632],{},"he does likes","\nput the tense in two places. It lives on ",[58,635,75],{},[58,637,638],{},"she did call, he does\nlike",[114,640,641,245,644,417,647,650,651],{},[126,642,643],{},"Do-support for be and the modals.",[58,645,646],{},"I do am happy",[58,648,649],{},"I do can swim","\nare impossible. Stress the word itself: ",[58,652,124,653,655,656,658],{},[126,654,404],{}," happy. I ",[126,657,386],{}," swim.",[114,660,661,245,664,667,668,671,672,98],{},[126,662,663],{},"own with no possessive.",[58,665,666],{},"I want an own office"," must become ",[58,669,670],{},"I want my\nown office"," or ",[58,673,674],{},"an office of my own",[114,676,677,245,680,683,684,98],{},[126,678,679],{},"very + noun without the.",[58,681,682],{},"He left very day I arrived"," is missing its\narticle: ",[58,685,686],{},"the very day",[114,688,689,692,693,695],{},[126,690,691],{},"Emphasis with nothing to answer."," Emphatic ",[58,694,75],{}," in every second\nsentence makes you sound like you are arguing with people who have not\nspoken. Save it for the moment somebody is actually wrong about you.",[100,697,699],{"id":698},"practice","Practice",[54,701,702],{},"Add the right emphasis to each reply or sentence. Answers are below.",[620,704,705,708,711,714,717],{},[114,706,707],{},"You never write to me. - I ___ write to you.",[114,709,710],{},"She says he did not pay. But he ___ pay.",[114,712,713],{},"I would love a garden of my ___.",[114,715,716],{},"That was the ___ moment everything changed.",[114,718,719],{},"You were not there. - I ___ there.",[54,721,722,725,726,728],{},[126,723,724],{},"Answers:"," 1. do 2. did 3. own 4. very 5. was (the auxiliary is already\nin the sentence, so it takes the stress; no ",[58,727,75],{}," needed)",[54,730,731,732,734,735,738,739,742,743,745,746,749],{},"When stress on one word is not enough, English rebuilds the sentence instead:\n",[89,733,92],{"href":91}," turn ",[58,736,737],{},"I met John"," into\n",[58,740,741],{},"It was John that I met",", and\n",[89,744,97],{"href":96}," opens with the\nnegative for effect: ",[58,747,748],{},"Never have I seen such a mess."," Those are the next\nsize up from the tools on this page.",{"title":751,"searchDepth":752,"depth":752,"links":753},"",2,[754,759,760,761,762,763],{"id":102,"depth":752,"text":103,"children":755},[756,758],{"id":230,"depth":757,"text":231},3,{"id":287,"depth":757,"text":288},{"id":328,"depth":752,"text":329},{"id":428,"depth":752,"text":429},{"id":521,"depth":752,"text":522},{"id":614,"depth":752,"text":615},{"id":698,"depth":752,"text":699},"B1-B2","How English adds force without piling up adverbs: emphatic do, does and did, own for possession that is yours alone, the very for exactness, and echo emphasis when somebody has just got you wrong.",[767,788,808],{"type":768,"instructions":769,"options":770,"items":771},"which-one","Choose the form that adds correct emphasis.",[75,173,194,79,528],[772,774,776,778,780,782,784,786],{"prompt":773,"answer":75},"You never call me. - I ___ call you, every Sunday.",{"prompt":775,"answer":173},"He may be slow, but he ___ finish the job properly.",{"prompt":777,"answer":194},"She said you forgot. But I ___ send the letter.",{"prompt":779,"answer":79},"At last she had a room of her ___.",{"prompt":781,"answer":528},"He left the ___ day I arrived.",{"prompt":783,"answer":173},"It is small, but the flat ___ have a garden.",{"prompt":785,"answer":194},"We ___ warn you, even if you did not listen.",{"prompt":787,"answer":79},"They built the house with their ___ hands.",{"type":789,"instructions":790,"items":791},"fill-blank","Write one word in each gap: do, does, did, own or very.",[792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806],{"prompt":793,"answer":75},"I ___ hope you can come on Saturday.",{"prompt":795,"answer":194},"She ___ pass the exam in the end, whatever he says.",{"prompt":797,"answer":173},"He ___ know the answer, he is just quiet.",{"prompt":799,"answer":528},"This was the ___ chair his grandfather sat in.",{"prompt":801,"answer":79},"The children want a dog of their ___.",{"prompt":803,"answer":75},"___ sit down, you have been standing all day.",{"prompt":805,"answer":528},"You are standing on the ___ spot where the old tower stood.",{"prompt":807,"answer":79},"She runs her ___ business now.",{"type":809,"instructions":810,"pairs":811},"match","Match each accusation to the reply that pushes back on it.",[812,815,818,821,824,827,830,833],{"left":813,"right":814},"You never listen.","I do listen.",{"left":816,"right":817},"You forgot my birthday.","I did send a card.",{"left":819,"right":820},"He does not care.","He does care.",{"left":822,"right":823},"You were not paying attention.","I was paying attention.",{"left":825,"right":826},"You cannot cook.","I can cook.",{"left":828,"right":829},"She did not warn us.","She did warn you.",{"left":831,"right":832},"You have never helped me.","I have helped you.",{"left":834,"right":835},"You are not even sorry.","I am sorry.","md",[838,841,844,847],{"q":839,"a":840},"What does I do like it mean, and how is it different from I like it?","The facts are identical; the force is not. I do like it answers a doubt that is already in the room. Somebody has suggested, or you suspect they think, that you do not like it, and the stressed do pushes back: I DO like it. Use it out of nowhere, with no doubt to answer, and it sounds strange, because there is nothing for the emphasis to press against.",{"q":842,"a":843},"How do I make emphatic do work in the past or with he and she?","The do carries all the grammar and the main verb goes back to its base form: she does call (not does calls), he did apologise (not did apologised). This is the same do-support that builds questions and negatives, wearing a different job. If you find a second ending on the main verb, the sentence is wrong: the tense lives on do and nowhere else.",{"q":845,"a":846},"What does my own add that my does not say already?","That the thing is yours and nobody else's: not shared, not borrowed, not somebody else's that you happen to use. My room is a fact about where you sleep; my own room means you do not share it. Own needs a possessive in front of it (my own, her own, a house of our own) and cannot stand alone: an own room is not English.",{"q":848,"a":849},"What does the very mean in the very day or the very top?","Exactness, not intensity. The very day we met means exactly that day and no other; the very top means the highest point there is, not merely somewhere high. Before a noun, very stops being the very of very good and becomes a pointing word, and it almost always needs the (or a possessive: her very first job) in front of it.","english",{},true,"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Femphasis-with-do",{"title":48,"description":765},"english\u002Fgrammar\u002Femphasis-with-do","b9uCt5qq5ct3Tz3poROLnRTcxBSX9223GKYvC5O4J34",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":858},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":860},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 4.702a.705.705 0 0 0-1.203-.498L6.413 7.587A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 5.416 8H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2.416a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .997.413l3.383 3.384A.705.705 0 0 0 11 19.298zM16 9a5 5 0 0 1 0 6m3.364 3.364a9 9 0 0 0 0-12.728\"\u002F>"]