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fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"id":47,"title":48,"author":49,"body":50,"cefrLevel":736,"date":49,"description":737,"exercises":738,"extension":842,"faqs":843,"gcseTier":49,"intro":49,"language":856,"lastUpdated":49,"meta":857,"navigation":858,"path":859,"seo":860,"stem":861,"verbSlugs":49,"__hash__":862},"pages\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffuture-continuous-and-future-perfect.md","Future continuous and future perfect in English: will be doing vs will have done",null,{"type":51,"value":52,"toc":724},"minimark",[53,78,94,99,117,120,126,145,148,154,166,177,183,195,204,208,226,232,249,261,264,287,291,294,304,310,319,325,345,349,364,376,391,395,398,406,434,459,463,553,557,560,674,678,681,714],[54,55,56,57,61,62,65,66,70,71,61,74,77],"p",{},"Most learners stop at ",[58,59,60],"em",{},"will"," and ",[58,63,64],{},"going to"," and never come back. That is a\nshame, because the two forms on this page do something neither of those can:\nthey place an action against a ",[67,68,69],"strong",{},"point in the future"," and say whether it is\nstill running or already over. ",[58,72,73],{},"At nine I'll be cooking",[58,75,76],{},"by nine I'll have\ncooked"," describe the same kitchen at the same time, and mean completely\ndifferent things to the person deciding when to knock.",[54,79,80,81,86,87,89,90,93],{},"The ",[82,83,85],"a",{"href":84},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffuture-tense","future tense page"," covers ",[58,88,60],{},", ",[58,91,92],{},"going\nto",", the present continuous and the present simple. This one takes the two\nstructures that page only introduced and gives them the space they need.",[95,96,98],"h2",{"id":97},"future-continuous-will-be-ing","Future continuous: will be + -ing",[54,100,101,102,105,106,109,110,113,114],{},"The form never changes for the subject: ",[58,103,104],{},"I will be waiting, she will be waiting,\nthey will be waiting",". Short form ",[58,107,108],{},"I'll be waiting",", negative ",[58,111,112],{},"won't be\nwaiting",", question ",[58,115,116],{},"will you be waiting?",[54,118,119],{},"It has three jobs.",[54,121,122,125],{},[67,123,124],{},"1. An action in progress at a future moment."," You pick a time and say what\nwill be going on around it.",[127,128,129,135,140],"ul",{},[130,131,132],"li",{},[58,133,134],{},"This time tomorrow I'll be flying to Rome.",[130,136,137],{},[58,138,139],{},"Don't call at eight; we'll be having dinner.",[130,141,142],{},[58,143,144],{},"At four o'clock the children will be walking home.",[54,146,147],{},"The moment is a window you look through, not a start or an end. The action began\nbefore the window and carries on after it.",[54,149,150,153],{},[67,151,152],{},"2. Something that will happen as a matter of course."," No decision, no\nintention, just the normal run of things.",[127,155,156,161],{},[130,157,158],{},[58,159,160],{},"I'll be seeing Tom on Thursday anyway, so I'll ask him.",[130,162,163],{},[58,164,165],{},"We'll be passing your street, so we can drop it off.",[54,167,168,169,172,173,176],{},"This is why ",[58,170,171],{},"I'll be seeing him"," feels neutral while ",[58,174,175],{},"I'll see him"," can sound\nlike a promise or a threat, depending on the day.",[54,178,179,182],{},[67,180,181],{},"3. Polite questions about other people's plans."," This is the use worth\nstealing straight away.",[127,184,185,190],{},[130,186,187],{},[58,188,189],{},"Will you be using the car tonight?",[130,191,192],{},[58,193,194],{},"Will you be coming to the meeting?",[54,196,197,61,200,203],{},[58,198,199],{},"Will you use the car?",[58,201,202],{},"will you come?"," ask the listener to commit. The\ncontinuous version only asks what is already arranged, so it leaves them a way\nout. English does a lot of its politeness by pretending not to ask.",[95,205,207],{"id":206},"future-perfect-will-have-past-participle","Future perfect: will have + past participle",[54,209,210,211,214,215,218,219,109,222,225],{},"Form: ",[58,212,213],{},"will have"," + the past participle, unchanged for every subject. ",[58,216,217],{},"I will\nhave finished, she will have finished, they will have finished."," Short form\n",[58,220,221],{},"I'll have finished",[58,223,224],{},"won't have finished",".",[54,227,228,229],{},"It says one thing: ",[67,230,231],{},"this will be complete before that future point.",[127,233,234,239,244],{},[130,235,236],{},[58,237,238],{},"By next week I'll have finished the job.",[130,240,241],{},[58,242,243],{},"They'll have left by the time we arrive.",[130,245,246],{},[58,247,248],{},"By the end of the month she'll have worked here for ten years.",[54,250,251,252,254,255,257,258],{},"Notice that all three name the future point. That is not decoration, it is the\ncondition of use. The future perfect is a deadline tense, and a deadline needs a\ndate. ",[58,253,221],{}," on its own leaves the listener waiting for the rest\nof the sentence. If you have no future point in mind, you do not want the future\nperfect; you want plain ",[58,256,60],{},": ",[58,259,260],{},"I'll finish it.",[54,262,263],{},"The future point can arrive in three ways:",[127,265,266,275,281],{},[130,267,268,269,257,272],{},"a time phrase with ",[58,270,271],{},"by",[58,273,274],{},"by six, by Christmas, by next spring",[130,276,277,278],{},"a time clause: ",[58,279,280],{},"by the time you get here, before the shop closes",[130,282,283,284],{},"a moment already established by the conversation: ",[58,285,286],{},"the train leaves at ten. -\nDon't worry, we'll have eaten.",[95,288,290],{"id":289},"by-is-a-deadline-until-is-a-stretch","By is a deadline, until is a stretch",[54,292,293],{},"This pair costs learners more marks than the tenses themselves, and the\ndifference is simple once you see it.",[54,295,296,299,300,303],{},[67,297,298],{},"By"," means ",[58,301,302],{},"at that time or any time earlier",". It marks a single deadline, and\nit goes with finished actions.",[54,305,306,309],{},[58,307,308],{},"Send it to me by Friday."," (Thursday is fine. Saturday is not.)",[54,311,312,299,315,318],{},[67,313,314],{},"Until",[58,316,317],{},"up to that time and no longer",". It marks a stretch of time, and\nit goes with situations that continue.",[54,320,321,324],{},[58,322,323],{},"The shop stays open until nine."," (It is open all the way to nine.)",[54,326,327,328,331,332,335,336,338,339,341,342],{},"Test yourself with these two: ",[58,329,330],{},"I'll finish it by six"," (it is done at six at the\nlatest) and ",[58,333,334],{},"I'll work until six"," (I stop at six). Swap them and both sentences\nbreak. The future perfect naturally pairs with ",[58,337,271],{},", because both are about a\npoint at which something is already over. ",[58,340,314],{}," almost never sits with the\nfuture perfect; it belongs with continuous or negative ideas: ",[58,343,344],{},"she won't leave\nuntil the job is done.",[95,346,348],{"id":347},"future-perfect-continuous-will-have-been-ing","Future perfect continuous: will have been + -ing",[54,350,351,352,355,356,359,360,363],{},"The rare one, worth ten seconds of your time. ",[58,353,354],{},"Will have been"," + ",[58,357,358],{},"-ing"," measures\n",[67,361,362],{},"how long"," something has been going on when the future point arrives.",[127,365,366,371],{},[130,367,368],{},[58,369,370],{},"In June she'll have been working here for a year.",[130,372,373],{},[58,374,375],{},"By the time you get here I'll have been waiting for two hours.",[54,377,378,379,382,383,386,387,390],{},"Compare it with the plain future perfect: ",[58,380,381],{},"I'll have written three reports","\ncounts the results, ",[58,384,385],{},"I'll have been writing for six hours"," counts the time. If\nyour sentence contains ",[58,388,389],{},"for"," plus a length of time, this is usually the form you\nwant.",[95,392,394],{"id":393},"with-time-clauses","With time clauses",[54,396,397],{},"Both structures spend most of their lives next to a time clause, and that is\nwhere learners drop the most obvious point in the whole topic:",[54,399,400],{},[67,401,402,403,405],{},"You do not put ",[58,404,60],{}," in the time clause.",[127,407,408,422],{},[130,409,410,417,418,421],{},[58,411,412,413,416],{},"By the time you ",[67,414,415],{},"arrive",", I'll have finished."," (not ",[58,419,420],{},"you will arrive",")",[130,423,424,417,431,421],{},[58,425,426,427,430],{},"We'll be eating when she ",[67,428,429],{},"gets"," here.",[58,432,433],{},"when she will get",[54,435,436,437,440,441,444,445,448,449,453,454,458],{},"The main clause carries the future form; the clause after ",[58,438,439],{},"when, before, until,\nas soon as"," or ",[58,442,443],{},"by the time"," uses a present tense. This is the same rule that\ngoverns ",[58,446,447],{},"if"," sentences in the\n",[82,450,452],{"href":451},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fconditional-sentences","conditionals",", and it is set out in\nfull on the ",[82,455,457],{"href":456},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ftime-clauses","time clauses"," page.",[95,460,462],{"id":461},"summary-table","Summary table",[464,465,466,485],"table",{},[467,468,469],"thead",{},[470,471,472,476,479,482],"tr",{},[473,474,475],"th",{},"Form",[473,477,478],{},"Structure",[473,480,481],{},"Meaning",[473,483,484],{},"Example",[486,487,488,505,521,537],"tbody",{},[470,489,490,494,497,500],{},[491,492,493],"td",{},"Future simple",[491,495,496],{},"will + base",[491,498,499],{},"a plain future action",[491,501,502],{},[58,503,504],{},"I'll call you.",[470,506,507,510,513,516],{},[491,508,509],{},"Future continuous",[491,511,512],{},"will be + -ing",[491,514,515],{},"in progress at a future time",[491,517,518],{},[58,519,520],{},"At six I'll be driving home.",[470,522,523,526,529,532],{},[491,524,525],{},"Future perfect",[491,527,528],{},"will have + p.p.",[491,530,531],{},"finished before a future time",[491,533,534],{},[58,535,536],{},"By six I'll have driven home.",[470,538,539,542,545,548],{},[491,540,541],{},"Future perfect cont.",[491,543,544],{},"will have been -ing",[491,546,547],{},"how long, measured to a future time",[491,549,550],{},[58,551,552],{},"By six I'll have been driving for hours.",[95,554,556],{"id":555},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[54,558,559],{},"Ranked by how often learners actually make them.",[561,562,563,580,595,614,629,661],"ol",{},[130,564,565,568,569,572,573,576,577,225],{},[67,566,567],{},"Future perfect with no deadline."," ",[58,570,571],{},"I will have finished the report"," leaves\nthe listener hanging. Add the point: ",[58,574,575],{},"I'll have finished the report by\nTuesday",", or drop back to ",[58,578,579],{},"I'll finish the report",[130,581,582,568,588,591,592,225],{},[67,583,584,587],{},[58,585,586],{},"Will"," inside the time clause.",[58,589,590],{},"By the time I will get there"," is wrong in\nevery register. Use the present: ",[58,593,594],{},"by the time I get there",[130,596,597,568,606,609,610,613],{},[67,598,599,601,602,605],{},[58,600,298],{}," where ",[58,603,604],{},"until"," belongs.",[58,607,608],{},"I'll stay by six"," should be ",[58,611,612],{},"I'll stay until\nsix",". Staying is a stretch, not a deadline.",[130,615,616,619,620,257,622,625,626,225],{},[67,617,618],{},"Future continuous for a plan you decided just now."," If you are deciding as\nyou speak, use ",[58,621,60],{},[58,623,624],{},"the phone's ringing - I'll get it",", not ",[58,627,628],{},"I'll be\ngetting it",[130,630,631,568,640,61,643,646,647,355,649,651,652,654,655,355,657,355,659,225],{},[67,632,633,634,440,637,225],{},"Dropping ",[58,635,636],{},"have",[58,638,639],{},"been",[58,641,642],{},"I will finished",[58,644,645],{},"I'll have working"," are\nbroken forms. Count the parts: ",[58,648,60],{},[58,650,636],{}," + participle, or ",[58,653,60],{}," +\n",[58,656,636],{},[58,658,639],{},[58,660,358],{},[130,662,663,568,666,669,670,673],{},[67,664,665],{},"Using the future perfect where the present perfect belongs.",[58,667,668],{},"I will have\nlived here for ten years"," said today should be ",[58,671,672],{},"I have lived here for ten\nyears",". The future perfect measures to a future point, not to now.",[95,675,677],{"id":676},"practice","Practice",[54,679,680],{},"Choose the best form. Answers are below.",[561,682,683,691,697,703,708],{},[130,684,685,686,690],{},"Don't ring at seven. We ",[687,688,689],"code",{},"___"," (eat) at that time.",[130,692,693,694,696],{},"By the time the film starts, we ",[687,695,689],{}," (find) our seats.",[130,698,699,700,702],{},"This time next year I ",[687,701,689],{}," (live) in another city.",[130,704,705,707],{},[687,706,689],{}," (you \u002F use) the kitchen this evening?",[130,709,710,711,713],{},"In March she ",[687,712,689],{}," (work) here for five years.",[54,715,716,719,720,723],{},[67,717,718],{},"Answers:"," 1. will be eating (in progress at that moment) 2. will have found\n(finished before the film starts) 3. will be living (in progress across that\nfuture time) 4. Will you be using (a polite question about an arrangement) 5.\nwill have been working (how long, measured to a future point; ",[58,721,722],{},"will have worked","\nis also accepted)",{"title":725,"searchDepth":726,"depth":726,"links":727},"",2,[728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735],{"id":97,"depth":726,"text":98},{"id":206,"depth":726,"text":207},{"id":289,"depth":726,"text":290},{"id":347,"depth":726,"text":348},{"id":393,"depth":726,"text":394},{"id":461,"depth":726,"text":462},{"id":555,"depth":726,"text":556},{"id":676,"depth":726,"text":677},"B1-B2","How the future continuous (will be doing) and the future perfect (will have done) work in English: the forms, what each one means, by vs until, and the mistakes learners make.",[739,780,801,821],{"type":740,"instructions":741,"items":742},"which-one","Choose the future continuous or the future perfect for each sentence.",[743,748,751,756,760,765,770,775],{"prompt":744,"answer":745,"options":746},"Don't call at eight - we ___ dinner then.","will be having",[745,747],"will have had",{"prompt":749,"answer":747,"options":750},"Come at nine. By then we ___ dinner.",[747,745],{"prompt":752,"answer":753,"options":754},"This time tomorrow I ___ on a train to the sea.","will be sitting",[753,755],"will have sat",{"prompt":757,"answer":722,"options":758},"By the end of the month she ___ here for ten years.",[722,759],"will be working",{"prompt":761,"answer":762,"options":763},"Wait until ten. I ___ the job by then.","will have finished",[762,764],"will be finishing",{"prompt":766,"answer":767,"options":768},"At four o'clock the children ___ home from school.","will be walking",[767,769],"will have walked",{"prompt":771,"answer":772,"options":773},"Don't hurry. We ___ the film by the time you get here.","will have watched",[772,774],"will be watching",{"prompt":776,"answer":777,"options":778},"Please be quiet at nine. The baby ___.","will be sleeping",[777,779],"will have slept",{"type":781,"instructions":782,"items":783},"fill-blank","Write one word in each gap: be, have or been.",[784,786,789,791,793,795,797,799],{"prompt":785,"answer":636},"By next week I will ___ finished the job.",{"prompt":787,"answer":788},"This time tomorrow we will ___ flying to Rome.","be",{"prompt":790,"answer":639},"Next month she will have ___ working here for a year.",{"prompt":792,"answer":788},"At six we will ___ eating, so come later.",{"prompt":794,"answer":636},"They will ___ left by the time we arrive.",{"prompt":796,"answer":788},"Will you ___ using the car tonight?",{"prompt":798,"answer":636},"By the end of the day he will ___ made a hundred calls.",{"prompt":800,"answer":639},"When you get here I will have ___ waiting for two hours.",{"type":740,"instructions":802,"options":803,"items":804},"Choose by or until for each sentence.",[271,604],[805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819],{"prompt":806,"answer":271},"I will finish the paper ___ six.",{"prompt":808,"answer":604},"Wait ___ six, then call me.",{"prompt":810,"answer":604},"She will not leave the office ___ the job is done.",{"prompt":812,"answer":271},"___ next year they will have moved house.",{"prompt":814,"answer":604},"The shop stays open ___ nine.",{"prompt":816,"answer":271},"Send it to me ___ the end of the week.",{"prompt":818,"answer":604},"Nothing will change ___ he speaks to her.",{"prompt":820,"answer":271},"___ the time you read this, I will have gone.",{"type":822,"instructions":823,"pairs":824},"match","Match each form to the meaning it carries.",[825,828,830,833,836,839],{"left":826,"right":827},"will be doing","still happening at a future time",{"left":829,"right":531},"will have done",{"left":831,"right":832},"will have been doing","how long, up to a future time",{"left":834,"right":835},"will do","a simple future action",{"left":837,"right":838},"by six","at six or before six",{"left":840,"right":841},"until six","up to six and no longer","md",[844,847,850,853],{"q":845,"a":846},"What is the difference between I will be working and I will have worked?","I will be working describes an action in progress at a future moment: at nine tomorrow I will be working means the work is going on around that time. I will have worked describes an action finished before a future moment: by nine tomorrow I will have worked for six hours means the work is already complete when nine arrives. One is a film of the moment, the other is a report handed in before the deadline.",{"q":848,"a":849},"When do I use the future perfect?","Only when you name a future point to measure against. The future perfect always answers finished before when, so it needs by, before, by the time or a similar marker: by Christmas I will have paid it back. Without that point the sentence sounds unfinished, and a plain will is better: I will pay it back.",{"q":851,"a":852},"Why does Will you be coming to the party? sound softer than Will you come to the party?","Will you come? asks you to decide, so it lands as a request or an invitation you have to answer. Will you be coming? simply asks about an arrangement that may already exist, so it puts no pressure on you. That is why the future continuous is the polite form for asking about other people's plans: will you be using the car tonight? is a question, not a claim on the car.",{"q":854,"a":855},"Can I say by the time I will arrive?","No. After a time expression such as when, before, until, as soon as or by the time, English uses a present tense for future time: by the time I arrive, they will have eaten. The will belongs in the main clause only. See the page on time clauses for the full rule.","english",{},true,"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffuture-continuous-and-future-perfect",{"title":48,"description":737},"english\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffuture-continuous-and-future-perfect","Dhogv3rBB2aMnayfL87ITGYX97nsjxkpFceGEcobBXA",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":864},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":866},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 4.702a.705.705 0 0 0-1.203-.498L6.413 7.587A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 5.416 8H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2.416a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .997.413l3.383 3.384A.705.705 0 0 0 11 19.298zM16 9a5 5 0 0 1 0 6m3.364 3.364a9 9 0 0 0 0-12.728\"\u002F>"]