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fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"id":47,"title":48,"author":49,"body":50,"cefrLevel":839,"date":49,"description":840,"exercises":841,"extension":930,"faqs":931,"gcseTier":49,"intro":49,"language":944,"lastUpdated":49,"meta":945,"navigation":946,"path":947,"seo":948,"stem":949,"verbSlugs":49,"__hash__":950},"pages\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpassive-advanced.md","Advanced passive structures in English: the get-passive, it is said that, and passives with two objects",null,{"type":51,"value":52,"toc":825},"minimark",[53,71,74,77,82,91,96,103,114,123,153,166,175,196,200,210,216,227,233,244,247,258,262,265,348,359,375,379,385,396,420,424,438,451,457,483,486,512,527,531,534,562,574,578,581,599,613,624,628,635,646,650,653,750,754,757,797],[54,55,56,57,62,63,67,68,70],"p",{},"The ",[58,59,61],"a",{"href":60},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpassive-voice","passive voice guide"," gives you the machine:\n",[64,65,66],"em",{},"be"," plus a past participle, the tense carried by ",[64,69,66],{},", the doer demoted to an\noptional by-phrase. That is enough to read a newspaper. It is not enough to\nwrite one.",[54,72,73],{},"Three structures do most of the remaining work, and all three are places where\nlearners either avoid the English entirely or produce something that is not\nquite a sentence. The get-passive, which is what people actually say. Passive\nreporting, which is how English passes on a claim it will not stand behind. And\nthe two-object passive, which has a trap in it that almost every learner falls\ninto at least once.",[54,75,76],{},"A warning before we start, because it matters more than any of the rules: the\nsecond of these three will make you sound like a news bulletin. That is fine in\na news bulletin. It is strange at dinner.",[78,79,81],"h2",{"id":80},"the-get-passive-and-where-it-stops","The get-passive, and where it stops",[54,83,84,87,88,90],{},[64,85,86],{},"Get"," replaces ",[64,89,66],{}," in the passive constantly in spoken English.",[54,92,93],{},[64,94,95],{},"He got fired. My phone got stolen. The window got broken.",[54,97,98,99,102],{},"The basic guide notes this exists. What it does not say is when ",[64,100,101],{},"get"," is the\nbetter choice and when it simply will not work.",[54,104,105,109,110,113],{},[106,107,108],"strong",{},"Get works when something happens."," It needs an event: a change of state, at a\npoint in time, usually sudden and often bad. ",[64,111,112],{},"He got hurt. They got caught. The\ncar got damaged."," All events.",[54,115,116,119,120,122],{},[106,117,118],{},"Get fails with states."," The passive of a verb that describes a situation\nrather than an event refuses ",[64,121,101],{}," outright.",[124,125,126,137,145],"ul",{},[127,128,129,130,133,134],"li",{},"Right: ",[64,131,132],{},"The house is owned by a bank."," Wrong: ",[64,135,136],{},"The house gets owned by a\nbank.",[127,138,129,139,133,142],{},[64,140,141],{},"She is known all over the country.",[64,143,144],{},"She gets known all over\nthe country.",[127,146,129,147,133,150],{},[64,148,149],{},"French is spoken here.",[64,151,152],{},"French gets spoken here.",[54,154,155,156,159,160,162,163,165],{},"If you can put ",[64,157,158],{},"suddenly"," in front of it, ",[64,161,101],{}," is probably fine. If you cannot,\nuse ",[64,164,66],{},".",[54,167,168,171,172,165],{},[106,169,170],{},"Get is informal."," It is right in speech, in messages, in fiction dialogue. It\nis wrong in an academic essay, a report, or anything with a client's name on it.\nNobody writes ",[64,173,174],{},"the samples got heated to 200 degrees",[54,176,177,180,181,184,185,187,188,191,192,195],{},[106,178,179],{},"Some get-passives have frozen solid."," ",[64,182,183],{},"Get married, get dressed, get lost,\nget stuck, get engaged, get changed."," These behave like ordinary verbs now, and\nthe ",[64,186,66],{}," version either means something different or sounds wrong. ",[64,189,190],{},"They got\nmarried"," is the event, the wedding day. ",[64,193,194],{},"They are married"," is the state.",[78,197,199],{"id":198},"passive-reporting-two-ways-to-say-people-say","Passive reporting: two ways to say \"people say\"",[54,201,202,203,206,207,165],{},"You want to pass on something you have heard without claiming it is true and\nwithout naming who told you. English gives you two shapes, built on the same\nhandful of verbs: ",[64,204,205],{},"say, think, believe, know, report, expect, consider,\nunderstand, allege"," and ",[64,208,209],{},"claim",[54,211,212,215],{},[106,213,214],{},"Pattern one: it + passive + that-clause."," The claim comes first.",[54,217,218,221,224],{},[64,219,220],{},"It is said that he is very rich.",[64,222,223],{},"It is believed that the fire started in the kitchen.",[64,225,226],{},"It was reported that the road would close.",[54,228,229,232],{},[106,230,231],{},"Pattern two: subject + passive + to-infinitive."," The person or thing comes\nfirst.",[54,234,235,238,241],{},[64,236,237],{},"He is said to be very rich.",[64,239,240],{},"The fire is believed to have started in the kitchen.",[64,242,243],{},"The road was reported to be closed.",[54,245,246],{},"The two say the same thing. Pattern one is a touch heavier and reads as more\nformal; pattern two is tighter and is what newspapers reach for, because it lets\nthe subject of the story sit at the front of the sentence where readers want it.",[54,248,249,250,253,254,257],{},"Note the mechanics of the switch. The subject of the that-clause is lifted to\nthe front of the sentence, the reporting verb goes passive, and what is left\nbecomes an infinitive. ",[64,251,252],{},"It is thought that she works in Rome"," becomes ",[64,255,256],{},"She is\nthought to work in Rome."," Nothing is added and nothing is lost.",[78,259,261],{"id":260},"getting-the-time-right","Getting the time right",[54,263,264],{},"This is where the structure earns its keep, and where most learners stop\nhalfway. The infinitive after the passive carries the time.",[266,267,268,284],"table",{},[269,270,271],"thead",{},[272,273,274,278,281],"tr",{},[275,276,277],"th",{},"Time of the reported event",[275,279,280],{},"Infinitive form",[275,282,283],{},"Example",[285,286,287,303,318,333],"tbody",{},[272,288,289,293,298],{},[290,291,292],"td",{},"Now \u002F general",[290,294,295],{},[64,296,297],{},"to do",[290,299,300],{},[64,301,302],{},"He is said to live in Rome.",[272,304,305,308,313],{},[290,306,307],{},"In progress now",[290,309,310],{},[64,311,312],{},"to be doing",[290,314,315],{},[64,316,317],{},"He is said to be living in Rome.",[272,319,320,323,328],{},[290,321,322],{},"Earlier than the report",[290,324,325],{},[64,326,327],{},"to have done",[290,329,330],{},[64,331,332],{},"He is said to have lived in Rome.",[272,334,335,338,343],{},[290,336,337],{},"In progress earlier",[290,339,340],{},[64,341,342],{},"to have been doing",[290,344,345],{},[64,346,347],{},"He is said to have been living in Rome.",[54,349,350,351,354,355,358],{},"So ",[64,352,353],{},"the suspect is believed to have left the country"," means the leaving is\nalready over, while ",[64,356,357],{},"the suspect is believed to be leaving the country"," means it\nis happening now. One word of difference, a completely different police\noperation.",[54,360,361,362,365,366,369,370,374],{},"The reporting verb itself can also move in time, independently: ",[64,363,364],{},"it was thought\nthat he was rich",", ",[64,367,368],{},"he was thought to have been rich",". Two clocks, two settings.\nThis is the same machinery as ",[58,371,373],{"href":372},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Freported-speech","reported\nspeech",", just wearing a passive coat.",[78,376,378],{"id":377},"there-is-thought-to-be","There is thought to be",[54,380,381,384],{},[64,382,383],{},"There"," takes the pattern too, which is useful when you are reporting a number\nor an amount and there is no obvious subject.",[54,386,387,390,393],{},[64,388,389],{},"There are thought to be about five hundred left in the wild.",[64,391,392],{},"There is believed to be a second letter.",[64,394,395],{},"There were said to be problems with the plan.",[54,397,398,399,402,403,406,407,365,414,165],{},"The verb agrees with what follows ",[64,400,401],{},"to be",", not with ",[64,404,405],{},"there",": ",[64,408,409,410,413],{},"there ",[106,411,412],{},"are","\nthought to be five hundred",[64,415,409,416,419],{},[106,417,418],{},"is"," believed to be a second letter",[78,421,423],{"id":422},"passives-with-two-objects-and-the-verbs-that-refuse","Passives with two objects, and the verbs that refuse",[54,425,426,427,430,431,206,434,437],{},"The basic guide shows the two versions: ",[64,428,429],{},"They gave me a book"," gives you ",[64,432,433],{},"I was\ngiven a book",[64,435,436],{},"A book was given to me",". Two points it leaves out.",[54,439,440,180,443,446,447,450],{},[106,441,442],{},"First, the person-first version is the normal one.",[64,444,445],{},"I was given a book, she\nwas offered the job, we were told the news, he was sent a letter."," The\nthing-first version (",[64,448,449],{},"a book was given to me",") is grammatical but stiff, and you\nwould usually only choose it when the thing is the topic of the paragraph.",[54,452,453,456],{},[106,454,455],{},"Second, and this is the trap: not every verb allows the person to be the\nsubject."," English divides two-object verbs into those that take a person as a\nreal object and those that only ever put the person after a preposition.",[266,458,459,469],{},[269,460,461],{},[272,462,463,466],{},[275,464,465],{},"These allow both passives",[275,467,468],{},"These allow only the thing",[285,470,471],{},[272,472,473,478],{},[290,474,475],{},[64,476,477],{},"give, tell, send, offer, show, pay, ask, teach, lend, promise, buy",[290,479,480],{},[64,481,482],{},"explain, suggest, describe, mention, announce, say, report, introduce",[54,484,485],{},"So:",[124,487,488,496,504],{},[127,489,129,490,133,493],{},[64,491,492],{},"I was told the answer.",[64,494,495],{},"I was said the answer.",[127,497,129,498,133,501],{},[64,499,500],{},"The rule was explained to me.",[64,502,503],{},"I was explained the rule.",[127,505,129,506,133,509],{},[64,507,508],{},"A new plan was suggested to the board.",[64,510,511],{},"The board was\nsuggested a new plan.",[54,513,514,515,518,519,526],{},"The test is the active sentence. If you can say ",[64,516,517],{},"she told me the answer"," with no\npreposition, the person can be the passive subject. If you have to say ",[64,520,521,522,525],{},"she\nexplained the rule ",[106,523,524],{},"to"," me",", the person is stuck behind that preposition and\ncannot move to the front.",[78,528,530],{"id":529},"keep-the-preposition","Keep the preposition",[54,532,533],{},"When a prepositional or phrasal verb goes passive, the preposition stays put,\nstranded at the end with nothing after it. This looks wrong to speakers of\nalmost every other language, and it is correct.",[54,535,536,543,550,556],{},[64,537,538,539,542],{},"The poor boy was laughed ",[106,540,541],{},"at"," by the whole class.",[64,544,545,546,549],{},"The baby is being looked ",[106,547,548],{},"after"," by her aunt.",[64,551,552,553,165],{},"The problem has been dealt ",[106,554,555],{},"with",[64,557,558,559,165],{},"A doctor was sent ",[106,560,561],{},"for",[54,563,564,565,568,569,573],{},"Drop the preposition and the sentence breaks: ",[64,566,567],{},"the boy was laughed by the class","\nis not English. See ",[58,570,572],{"href":571},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fphrasal-verbs","phrasal verbs"," for the\nwider family.",[78,575,577],{"id":576},"passive-infinitives-and-passive-gerunds","Passive infinitives and passive gerunds",[54,579,580],{},"The passive can appear anywhere a verb can, including after another verb.",[124,582,583,591],{},[127,584,585,180,588],{},[106,586,587],{},"Passive infinitive: to be + participle.",[64,589,590],{},"This work needs to be done today.\nI want the room to be cleaned. There is nothing to be said.",[127,592,593,180,596],{},[106,594,595],{},"Passive gerund: being + participle.",[64,597,598],{},"I hate being told what to do. She\nremembers being asked. He left without being seen.",[54,600,601,602,406,605,608,609,612],{},"British English also has a neat shortcut with ",[64,603,604],{},"need",[64,606,607],{},"this work needs doing",",\n",[64,610,611],{},"the car needs cleaning",". An active gerund with a passive meaning, and it is\ncompletely standard.",[54,614,615,616,620,621],{},"If what you want is the passive infinitive with a person arranging the job, you\nhave probably reached the ",[58,617,619],{"href":618},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcausative-have-and-get","causative",":\n",[64,622,623],{},"I want to have the room cleaned.",[78,625,627],{"id":626},"a-word-about-register","A word about register",[54,629,630,631,634],{},"Be honest with yourself about where these belong. The get-passive is spoken\nEnglish and looks careless in formal writing. Passive reporting is the reverse:\nit is the voice of news, law and academic prose, and dropping ",[64,632,633],{},"it is widely\nbelieved that"," into a conversation with a friend is comic.",[54,636,637,638,641,642,645],{},"Nobody says ",[64,639,640],{},"my sister is thought to be arriving at six",". They say ",[64,643,644],{},"I think my\nsister gets in at six",". Learn the reporting structures because you will read\nthem constantly and will need them the moment you write anything serious, but do\nnot let them leak into your speech. Fluency is partly knowing which drawer a\nstructure lives in.",[78,647,649],{"id":648},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[54,651,652],{},"Ranked by how often they actually appear.",[654,655,656,669,690,703,715,727],"ol",{},[127,657,658,661,662,665,666,165],{},[106,659,660],{},"I was explained \u002F I was suggested \u002F I was said."," The single most common\nerror in this whole area. Use ",[64,663,664],{},"I was told",", or move the thing to the front:\n",[64,667,668],{},"it was explained to me",[127,670,671,180,674,677,678,680,681,365,684,365,687,165],{},[106,672,673],{},"Dropping the preposition.",[64,675,676],{},"He was looked after"," needs the ",[64,679,548],{},". So\ndoes ",[64,682,683],{},"dealt with",[64,685,686],{},"laughed at",[64,688,689],{},"sent for",[127,691,692,180,695,698,699,702],{},[106,693,694],{},"Wrong infinitive for the time.",[64,696,697],{},"He is said to leave the country last\nweek"," should be ",[64,700,701],{},"he is said to have left the country last week",". Past event,\nperfect infinitive.",[127,704,705,180,708,206,711,714],{},[106,706,707],{},"Mixing the two reporting patterns.",[64,709,710],{},"It is said him to be rich",[64,712,713],{},"he is\nsaid that he is rich"," are both broken. Pick one shape and finish it.",[127,716,717,180,720,723,724,726],{},[106,718,719],{},"Get with a state verb.",[64,721,722],{},"The house gets owned by a bank, the answer gets\nknown."," Use ",[64,725,66],{}," for states.",[127,728,729,732,733,406,736,365,739,742,743,746,747,165],{},[106,730,731],{},"Being told vs been told."," After a preposition or as a subject you need\n",[64,734,735],{},"being",[64,737,738],{},"without being seen",[64,740,741],{},"I hate being told",". ",[64,744,745],{},"Been"," only follows\n",[64,748,749],{},"have",[78,751,753],{"id":752},"practice","Practice",[54,755,756],{},"Rewrite or complete each sentence. Answers are below.",[654,758,759,769,777,783,791],{},[127,760,761,764,765,768],{},[64,762,763],{},"People say that he is the best doctor in the city."," (Rewrite starting ",[64,766,767],{},"He\nis said...",")",[127,770,771,764,774,768],{},[64,772,773],{},"They believe the thief left the country.",[64,775,776],{},"The thief is\nbelieved...",[127,778,779,782],{},[64,780,781],{},"Somebody explained the rules to us twice."," (Rewrite in the passive.)",[127,784,785,786,790],{},"The children are being looked ",[787,788,789],"code",{},"___"," by their grandmother.",[127,792,793,796],{},[64,794,795],{},"My phone was broken at the party."," (Rewrite with the get-passive.)",[54,798,799,802,803,806,807,810,811,814,815,818,819,821,822],{},[106,800,801],{},"Answers:"," 1. ",[64,804,805],{},"He is said to be the best doctor in the city."," 2. ",[64,808,809],{},"The thief is\nbelieved to have left the country."," 3. ",[64,812,813],{},"The rules were explained to us twice","\n(never ",[64,816,817],{},"we were explained the rules","). 4. ",[64,820,548],{}," 5. ",[64,823,824],{},"My phone got broken at the\nparty.",{"title":826,"searchDepth":827,"depth":827,"links":828},"",2,[829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838],{"id":80,"depth":827,"text":81},{"id":198,"depth":827,"text":199},{"id":260,"depth":827,"text":261},{"id":377,"depth":827,"text":378},{"id":422,"depth":827,"text":423},{"id":529,"depth":827,"text":530},{"id":576,"depth":827,"text":577},{"id":626,"depth":827,"text":627},{"id":648,"depth":827,"text":649},{"id":752,"depth":827,"text":753},"B2-C1","The passive structures beyond the basics: the get-passive and its limits, passive reporting with it is said that and he is thought to be, passives with two objects, and the verbs that refuse them.",[842,884,908],{"type":843,"instructions":844,"items":845},"which-one","Choose the correct advanced passive form for each sentence.",[846,851,855,860,864,869,874,879],{"prompt":847,"answer":848,"options":849},"It ___ that the company is in trouble.","is said",[848,850],"is saying",{"prompt":852,"answer":401,"options":853},"He is said ___ very rich.",[401,854],"that he is",{"prompt":856,"answer":857,"options":858},"She is thought ___ the country last week.","to have left",[857,859],"to leave",{"prompt":861,"answer":664,"options":862},"___ the answer by my teacher.",[664,863],"I was explained",{"prompt":865,"answer":866,"options":867},"The poor boy ___ by the whole class.","was laughed at",[866,868],"was laughed",{"prompt":870,"answer":871,"options":872},"There ___ to be more than a thousand people inside.","are thought",[871,873],"is thought",{"prompt":875,"answer":876,"options":877},"My bike ___ stolen outside the shop.","got",[876,878],"getting",{"prompt":880,"answer":881,"options":882},"I hate ___ what to do.","being told",[881,883],"been told",{"type":885,"instructions":886,"items":887},"fill-blank","Write the missing word in each advanced passive.",[888,892,894,896,898,902,904,906],{"prompt":889,"answer":890,"hint":891},"It is ___ that he is very rich.","said","say",{"prompt":893,"answer":524},"He is said ___ be very rich.",{"prompt":895,"answer":749},"She is thought to ___ left the country.",{"prompt":897,"answer":876},"My phone ___ broken at the party.",{"prompt":899,"answer":900,"hint":901},"I was ___ a job in another city.","offered","offer",{"prompt":903,"answer":548},"The baby is being looked ___ by her aunt.",{"prompt":905,"answer":66},"This work needs to ___ done today.",{"prompt":907,"answer":524},"The rule was explained ___ me twice.",{"type":909,"instructions":910,"pairs":911},"match","Match each sentence to what its shape does.",[912,915,918,921,924,927],{"left":913,"right":914},"It is said that he is rich.","the claim comes first",{"left":916,"right":917},"He is said to be rich.","the person comes first",{"left":919,"right":920},"He is said to have been rich.","the report is about an earlier time",{"left":922,"right":923},"He got hurt.","informal, something happened to him",{"left":925,"right":926},"I was given a book.","the person becomes the subject",{"left":928,"right":929},"A book was given to me.","the thing becomes the subject","md",[932,935,938,941],{"q":933,"a":934},"What is the difference between he was fired and he got fired?","Almost nothing in meaning, everything in register. Got fired is informal and spoken, and it makes the event sound sudden and personal, something that happened to him. Was fired is neutral and works anywhere, including formal writing. Use get in speech and in messages to friends; use be in a report, an email to a client, or an exam essay.",{"q":936,"a":937},"What does he is said to be very rich actually mean?","It means people say he is very rich, and the speaker is passing the claim on without vouching for it. English has two ways to do this: it is said that he is very rich, which puts the claim first, and he is said to be very rich, which puts the person first. Both are neutral, careful and slightly distant. They belong in news and academic writing, not in conversation.",{"q":939,"a":940},"Why is I was explained the rule wrong?","Because explain does not take a person as its direct object. You explain something to someone, so only the thing can become the passive subject: the rule was explained to me. The same goes for suggest, describe, mention and announce. Verbs like give, tell, send, offer and show do take a person, which is why I was given a book and I was told the answer are both fine.",{"q":942,"a":943},"How do I say that the reported event happened earlier?","Use the perfect infinitive: to have plus the past participle. He is said to be rich is about now; he is said to have been rich is about the past. The suspect is believed to have left the country means the leaving already happened. For something in progress, use the continuous infinitive: she is thought to be living abroad.","english",{},true,"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpassive-advanced",{"title":48,"description":840},"english\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpassive-advanced","NmA1rt5hvTaUDs51iaX3H-e_KoeLBZIbnSKV9TlsWsc",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":952},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":954},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 4.702a.705.705 0 0 0-1.203-.498L6.413 7.587A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 5.416 8H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2.416a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .997.413l3.383 3.384A.705.705 0 0 0 11 19.298zM16 9a5 5 0 0 1 0 6m3.364 3.364a9 9 0 0 0 0-12.728\"\u002F>"]