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it",null,{"type":44,"value":45,"toc":786},"minimark",[46,50,55,58,108,113,116,189,215,219,230,264,286,295,299,302,306,309,326,330,340,357,360,364,367,384,388,391,408,412,419,422,442,453,457,468,476,519,533,537,540,546,574,578,581,627,650,654,657,737,741,744,778],[47,48,49],"p",{},"The present simple is the first tense most learners meet, and the one English\nspeakers use most. It sounds easy, but it hides two traps: the -s on he, she and\nit, and the way questions and negatives need do or does. Get those two right and\nthe rest follows.",[51,52,54],"h2",{"id":53},"how-to-form-the-present-simple","How to form the present simple",[47,56,57],{},"For I, you, we and they, the verb is just the base form. For he, she and it, you\nadd an ending.",[59,60,61,77],"table",{},[62,63,64],"thead",{},[65,66,67,71,74],"tr",{},[68,69,70],"th",{},"Subject",[68,72,73],{},"Verb",[68,75,76],{},"Example",[78,79,80,95],"tbody",{},[65,81,82,86,89],{},[83,84,85],"td",{},"I \u002F you \u002F we \u002F they",[83,87,88],{},"work",[83,90,91],{},[92,93,94],"em",{},"I work in London.",[65,96,97,100,103],{},[83,98,99],{},"he \u002F she \u002F it",[83,101,102],{},"works",[83,104,105],{},[92,106,107],{},"She works in London.",[109,110,112],"h3",{"id":111},"the-third-person-spelling-rules","The third-person spelling rules",[47,114,115],{},"The ending is almost always -s, but a few verbs take -es or change their\nspelling:",[59,117,118,131],{},[62,119,120],{},[65,121,122,125,128],{},[68,123,124],{},"Rule",[68,126,127],{},"Verbs",[68,129,130],{},"Result",[78,132,133,148,162,176],{},[65,134,135,142,145],{},[83,136,137,138],{},"Most verbs: add ",[139,140,141],"strong",{},"-s",[83,143,144],{},"work, play, run",[83,146,147],{},"works, plays, runs",[65,149,150,156,159],{},[83,151,152,153],{},"Ends in s, sh, ch, x, o: add ",[139,154,155],{},"-es",[83,157,158],{},"pass, wash, watch, fix, go",[83,160,161],{},"passes, washes, watches, fixes, goes",[65,163,164,170,173],{},[83,165,166,167],{},"Consonant + y: change to ",[139,168,169],{},"-ies",[83,171,172],{},"study, try, carry",[83,174,175],{},"studies, tries, carries",[65,177,178,183,186],{},[83,179,180,181],{},"Vowel + y: just add ",[139,182,141],{},[83,184,185],{},"play, buy, enjoy",[83,187,188],{},"plays, buys, enjoys",[47,190,191,192,195,196,199,200,195,203,206,207,210,211,214],{},"Two common verbs are irregular here: ",[92,193,194],{},"have"," becomes ",[92,197,198],{},"has",", and ",[92,201,202],{},"be",[92,204,205],{},"am","\n(I), ",[92,208,209],{},"is"," (he\u002Fshe\u002Fit) and ",[92,212,213],{},"are"," (you\u002Fwe\u002Fthey).",[109,216,218],{"id":217},"questions-and-negatives-do-and-does","Questions and negatives: do and does",[47,220,221,222,225,226,229],{},"This is where most of the trouble lives. The present simple does not form\nquestions or negatives on its own. It borrows the auxiliary verb ",[92,223,224],{},"do"," (for I,\nyou, we, they) and ",[92,227,228],{},"does"," (for he, she, it).",[231,232,233,251],"ul",{},[234,235,236,239,240,243,244,247,248],"li",{},[139,237,238],{},"Negative:"," ",[92,241,242],{},"don't"," \u002F ",[92,245,246],{},"doesn't"," + base form. ",[92,249,250],{},"I don't smoke. She doesn't eat\nmeat.",[234,252,253,239,256,243,258,260,261],{},[139,254,255],{},"Question:",[92,257,224],{},[92,259,228],{}," + subject + base form. ",[92,262,263],{},"Do you live here? Does he\nspeak French?",[47,265,266,267,269,270,273,274,277,278,281,282,285],{},"The key rule: once you use ",[92,268,228],{},", the main verb drops its -s. The ending is only\nadded once. So it is ",[92,271,272],{},"Does she like coffee?"," and not ",[92,275,276],{},"Does she likes coffee?","\nLikewise ",[92,279,280],{},"He doesn't want it",", never ",[92,283,284],{},"He doesn't wants it",".",[47,287,288,289,291,292],{},"The verb ",[92,290,202],{}," is the exception. It needs no auxiliary: ",[92,293,294],{},"Are you ready? She isn't\nhere.",[51,296,298],{"id":297},"when-to-use-the-present-simple","When to use the present simple",[47,300,301],{},"There are four main jobs.",[109,303,305],{"id":304},"_1-permanent-facts-and-general-truths","1. Permanent facts and general truths",[47,307,308],{},"Things that are always or generally true.",[231,310,311,316,321],{},[234,312,313],{},[92,314,315],{},"Water boils at 100 degrees.",[234,317,318],{},[92,319,320],{},"The sun rises in the east.",[234,322,323],{},[92,324,325],{},"Bees make honey.",[109,327,329],{"id":328},"_2-habits-and-routines","2. Habits and routines",[47,331,332,333,336,337,285],{},"Things you do regularly. These often appear with frequency adverbs or time\nphrases like ",[92,334,335],{},"every day"," or ",[92,338,339],{},"on Mondays",[231,341,342,347,352],{},[234,343,344],{},[92,345,346],{},"I get up at seven.",[234,348,349],{},[92,350,351],{},"She drinks tea every morning.",[234,353,354],{},[92,355,356],{},"We visit my parents on Sundays.",[47,358,359],{},"These are not happening at the moment of speaking; they are patterns that repeat.\nThat is the heart of the present simple: it describes the rule, not the single\nevent in front of you.",[109,361,363],{"id":362},"_3-timetables-and-schedules","3. Timetables and schedules",[47,365,366],{},"Fixed future events set by a timetable, even though they are still to come.",[231,368,369,374,379],{},[234,370,371],{},[92,372,373],{},"The train leaves at nine.",[234,375,376],{},[92,377,378],{},"The film starts at eight.",[234,380,381],{},[92,382,383],{},"The shop opens tomorrow.",[109,385,387],{"id":386},"_4-instructions-and-commentary","4. Instructions and commentary",[47,389,390],{},"Steps in a process, directions, demonstrations and live sports commentary.",[231,392,393,398,403],{},[234,394,395],{},[92,396,397],{},"You take the second left, then you cross the bridge.",[234,399,400],{},[92,401,402],{},"First you heat the oil, then you add the onions.",[234,404,405],{},[92,406,407],{},"Messi passes to Suarez, who shoots and scores.",[51,409,411],{"id":410},"the-confusion-this-page-resolves-a-present-tense-for-the-future","The confusion this page resolves: a present tense for the future",[47,413,414,415,418],{},"The timetable use surprises a lot of learners. ",[92,416,417],{},"The train leaves at nine","\ndescribes an event that has not happened yet, so why is it a present tense? Because timetables and\nschedules belong to a fixed system that is true now. The departure is already\nset, printed and unchangeable, so English treats it as a present fact rather than\na personal plan.",[47,420,421],{},"The test is whether a timetable, calendar or programme decides the time:",[231,423,424,430,436],{},[234,425,426,429],{},[92,427,428],{},"The match starts at three."," (the fixture decides)",[234,431,432,435],{},[92,433,434],{},"Term ends on Friday."," (the calendar decides)",[234,437,438,441],{},[92,439,440],{},"My flight departs at noon."," (the schedule decides)",[47,443,444,445,448,449,452],{},"Compare that with a personal arrangement, where English uses other forms: ",[92,446,447],{},"I am\nmeeting Sam at three"," (present continuous) or ",[92,450,451],{},"I am going to call her later",". The\npresent simple is reserved for the timetable, not the plan you made yourself.",[51,454,456],{"id":455},"adverbs-of-frequency","Adverbs of frequency",[47,458,459,460,463,464,467],{},"Words like ",[92,461,462],{},"always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely"," and ",[92,465,466],{},"never"," tell you how\noften something happens. Their position is fixed and catches learners out.",[47,469,470,471],{},"The rule: ",[139,472,473,474,285],{},"before the main verb, but after the verb ",[92,475,202],{},[59,477,478,487],{},[62,479,480],{},[65,481,482,485],{},[68,483,484],{},"Pattern",[68,486,76],{},[78,488,489,503],{},[65,490,491,494],{},[83,492,493],{},"Before a main verb",[83,495,496],{},[92,497,498,499,502],{},"I ",[139,500,501],{},"always"," drink coffee.",[65,504,505,510],{},[83,506,507,508],{},"After ",[92,509,202],{},[83,511,512],{},[92,513,514,515,518],{},"She ",[139,516,517],{},"is always"," late.",[47,520,521,522,525,526,529,530],{},"So ",[92,523,524],{},"I always am late"," is wrong; it has to be ",[92,527,528],{},"I am always late",". With do\u002Fdoes\nthe adverb still sits before the main verb: ",[92,531,532],{},"He doesn't usually work weekends.",[51,534,536],{"id":535},"stative-verbs-prefer-the-present-simple","Stative verbs prefer the present simple",[47,538,539],{},"Some verbs describe states rather than actions: thoughts, feelings, senses and\npossession. These verbs are normally used in the present simple, not the\ncontinuous, even when you mean \"right now\".",[47,541,542,543],{},"Common stative verbs: ",[92,544,545],{},"like, love, hate, want, need, know, believe, understand,\nremember, mean, belong, own.",[231,547,548,558,566],{},[234,549,550,553,554,557],{},[92,551,552],{},"I want a coffee."," (not ",[92,555,556],{},"I am wanting",")",[234,559,560,553,563,557],{},[92,561,562],{},"She knows the answer.",[92,564,565],{},"She is knowing",[234,567,568,553,571,557],{},[92,569,570],{},"Do you believe him?",[92,572,573],{},"Are you believing",[51,575,577],{"id":576},"present-simple-vs-present-continuous","Present simple vs present continuous",[47,579,580],{},"This is the split that confuses most learners. The short version:",[59,582,583,593],{},[62,584,585],{},[65,586,587,590],{},[68,588,589],{},"Present simple",[68,591,592],{},"Present continuous",[78,594,595,603,615],{},[65,596,597,600],{},[83,598,599],{},"Facts, habits, routines",[83,601,602],{},"Happening now or around now",[65,604,605,610],{},[83,606,607],{},[92,608,609],{},"I work in a bank.",[83,611,612],{},[92,613,614],{},"I am working from home today.",[65,616,617,622],{},[83,618,619],{},[92,620,621],{},"She speaks Spanish.",[83,623,624],{},[92,625,626],{},"She is speaking on the phone.",[47,628,629,630,336,632,635,636,639,640,643,644,649],{},"If the action is general, repeated or permanent, use the present simple. If it is\nin progress right now or temporary, use the present continuous. A quick check:\nask whether you could add ",[92,631,335],{},[92,633,634],{},"right now",". ",[92,637,638],{},"I work here every day","\ntakes the simple; ",[92,641,642],{},"I am working right now"," takes the continuous. For the full\npicture, see the ",[645,646,648],"a",{"href":647},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-continuous","present continuous"," guide.",[51,651,653],{"id":652},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[47,655,656],{},"Ranked by how often they actually appear.",[658,659,660,673,685,707,719],"ol",{},[234,661,662,239,665,668,669,672],{},[139,663,664],{},"Dropping the third-person -s.",[92,666,667],{},"He go to work by bus"," should be ",[92,670,671],{},"He goes to\nwork by bus."," This is the single most common present simple error, and it\nmarks you as a beginner more than almost anything else.",[234,674,675,239,678,681,682],{},[139,676,677],{},"Adding -s after does or doesn't.",[92,679,680],{},"Does she likes it? He doesn't wants it.","\nThe auxiliary already carries the ending, so the main verb is bare: ",[92,683,684],{},"Does she\nlike it? He doesn't want it.",[234,686,687,239,693,696,697,699,700,703,704,706],{},[139,688,689,690,692],{},"Using ",[92,691,202],{}," with a present simple verb.",[92,694,695],{},"I am agree, I am think, I am\nwant."," These verbs need no ",[92,698,202],{},": ",[92,701,702],{},"I agree, I think, I want."," English uses ",[92,705,202],{},"\nonly with adjectives and the continuous, not with an ordinary present simple\nverb.",[234,708,709,239,712,715,716],{},[139,710,711],{},"Forming questions without do\u002Fdoes.",[92,713,714],{},"You like pizza? She lives here?"," In\nwriting and careful speech you need the auxiliary: ",[92,717,718],{},"Do you like pizza? Does\nshe live here?",[234,720,721,239,724,463,727,730,731,463,734],{},[139,722,723],{},"Wrong frequency-adverb position.",[92,725,726],{},"I always am tired",[92,728,729],{},"She drinks\nalways coffee"," are both wrong. It is ",[92,732,733],{},"I am always tired",[92,735,736],{},"She always\ndrinks coffee.",[51,738,740],{"id":739},"practice","Practice",[47,742,743],{},"Choose the correct form. Answers are below.",[658,745,746,753,761,767,773],{},[234,747,514,748,752],{},[749,750,751],"code",{},"___"," (watch) television every evening.",[234,754,755,757,758,760],{},[749,756,751],{}," he ",[749,759,751],{}," (speak) English?",[234,762,763,764,766],{},"They ",[749,765,751],{}," (not \u002F live) in this city.",[234,768,769,770,772],{},"The train ",[749,771,751],{}," (leave) at half past six.",[234,774,498,775,777],{},[749,776,751],{}," (always \u002F be) nervous before exams.",[47,779,780,783,784,557],{},[139,781,782],{},"Answers:"," 1. watches (third person, verb in -ch takes -es) 2. Does ... speak\n(does + base form, no -s on speak) 3. don't live 4. leaves (a timetable, so\npresent simple even though it is in the future) 5. am always (frequency adverb\nafter ",[92,785,202],{},{"title":787,"searchDepth":788,"depth":788,"links":789},"",2,[790,795,801,802,803,804,805,806],{"id":53,"depth":788,"text":54,"children":791},[792,794],{"id":111,"depth":793,"text":112},3,{"id":217,"depth":793,"text":218},{"id":297,"depth":788,"text":298,"children":796},[797,798,799,800],{"id":304,"depth":793,"text":305},{"id":328,"depth":793,"text":329},{"id":362,"depth":793,"text":363},{"id":386,"depth":793,"text":387},{"id":410,"depth":788,"text":411},{"id":455,"depth":788,"text":456},{"id":535,"depth":788,"text":536},{"id":576,"depth":788,"text":577},{"id":652,"depth":788,"text":653},{"id":739,"depth":788,"text":740},"A1","How to form and use the present simple in English. The -s\u002F-es third-person rule, do\u002Fdoes questions and negatives, frequency adverbs, and present simple vs continuous.","md",[811,814,817,820],{"q":812,"a":813},"What is the present simple tense?","The present simple is the base tense of English. It uses the base form of the verb (I work, they live), and adds -s or -es for he, she and it (he works, she watches). It describes facts, habits, routines and timetables rather than what is happening right now.",{"q":815,"a":816},"When do I add -s or -es to a verb?","Add the ending only in the third person singular: he, she, it. Most verbs take -s (works, plays). Verbs ending in s, sh, ch, x or o take -es (watches, goes). A consonant plus y changes to -ies (study becomes studies). For I, you, we and they, use the base form with no ending.",{"q":818,"a":819},"Why do we say does she like and not does she likes?","Does already carries the third-person -s, so the main verb goes back to its base form. The ending is only added once. It is does she like, did he go and doesn't she want, never does she likes.",{"q":821,"a":822},"What is the difference between present simple and present continuous?","The present simple is for facts, habits and routines (I drink coffee every morning). The present continuous is for things happening now or around now (I am drinking coffee). If the action is general or repeated, use the present simple.","english",{},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-simple",{"title":41,"description":808},"english\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-simple","vSHnA7FYvlf50HinkkAmWtQMW8dNEnUfmXopKqQfcfA"]