[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"i-lucide:chevron-down":3,"i-lucide:graduation-cap":8,"i-lucide:list-ordered":10,"i-lucide:book-open":12,"i-lucide:type":14,"i-lucide:gamepad-2":16,"i-lucide:presentation":18,"i-lucide:languages":20,"i-lucide:layers":22,"i-lucide:menu":24,"i-lucide:house":26,"i-lucide:chevron-right":28,"i-simple-icons:mastodon":30,"i-simple-icons:bluesky":32,"i-simple-icons:x":34,"i-simple-icons:linkedin":36,"english-grammar-tenses":39},{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":7},0,24,false,"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m6 9l6 6l6-6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":9},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0zM22 10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":11},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 5h10m-10 7h10m-10 7h10M4 4h1v5M4 9h2m.5 11H3.4c0-1 2.6-1.925 2.6-3.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.6-1.02\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":13},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 7v14m-9-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5a4 4 0 0 1 4 4a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6a3 3 0 0 0-3 3a3 3 0 0 0-3-3z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":15},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 4v16M4 7V5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h14a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2M9 20h6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":17},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M6 11h4M8 9v4m7-1h.01M18 10h.01m-.69-5H6.68a4 4 0 0 0-3.978 3.59l-.017.152C2.604 9.416 2 14.456 2 16a3 3 0 0 0 3 3c1 0 1.5-.5 2-1l1.414-1.414A2 2 0 0 1 9.828 16h4.344a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586L17 18c.5.5 1 1 2 1a3 3 0 0 0 3-3c0-1.545-.604-6.584-.685-7.258q-.01-.075-.017-.151A4 4 0 0 0 17.32 5\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":19},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M2 3h20m-1 0v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V3m4 18l5-5l5 5\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":21},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m5 8l6 6m-7 0l6-6l2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1m14 20l-5-10l-5 10m2-4h6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":23},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M2 12a1 1 0 0 0 .58.91l8.6 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.65 0l8.58-3.9A1 1 0 0 0 22 12\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M2 17a1 1 0 0 0 .58.91l8.6 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.65 0l8.58-3.9A1 1 0 0 0 22 17\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":25},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":27},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-6a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 6A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":29},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":31},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":33},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":35},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":37,"hidden":38},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",true,{"id":40,"title":41,"author":42,"body":43,"cefrLevel":616,"date":42,"description":617,"exercises":42,"extension":618,"faqs":619,"gcseTier":42,"intro":42,"language":632,"lastUpdated":42,"meta":633,"navigation":38,"path":634,"seo":635,"stem":636,"verbSlugs":42,"__hash__":637},"pages\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ftenses.md","English tenses explained: all 12 with a master table",null,{"type":44,"value":45,"toc":606},"minimark",[46,50,55,58,66,88,95,134,137,141,148,366,372,376,418,422,425,446,461,486,490,493,557,560,564,567,600],[47,48,49],"p",{},"English tenses look like a long list to memorise. They are not. They are a small\nsystem with a clear logic, and once you see the grid behind them the twelve\ntenses stop feeling like twelve separate things to learn.",[51,52,54],"h2",{"id":53},"the-logic-three-times-four-aspects","The logic: three times, four aspects",[47,56,57],{},"Every English tense is built from two choices.",[47,59,60,61,65],{},"First, ",[62,63,64],"strong",{},"the time",":",[67,68,69,76,82],"ul",{},[70,71,72,75],"li",{},[62,73,74],{},"Past"," - before now.",[70,77,78,81],{},[62,79,80],{},"Present"," - now, or generally true.",[70,83,84,87],{},[62,85,86],{},"Future"," - after now.",[47,89,90,91,94],{},"Second, ",[62,92,93],{},"the aspect",", which describes how the action sits in that time:",[67,96,97,107,116,125],{},[70,98,99,102,103],{},[62,100,101],{},"Simple"," - a complete action or a general fact. You are not interested in\nwhether it is in progress; you just state it. ",[104,105,106],"em",{},"I work. I worked. I will work.",[70,108,109,112,113],{},[62,110,111],{},"Continuous"," - the action is in progress, unfinished, happening around a\npoint in time. ",[104,114,115],{},"I am working. I was working. I will be working.",[70,117,118,121,122],{},[62,119,120],{},"Perfect"," - you look back from one point to an earlier action that is already\ncomplete, and the link between the two points matters. ",[104,123,124],{},"I have worked. I had\nworked. I will have worked.",[70,126,127,130,131],{},[62,128,129],{},"Perfect continuous"," - you look back from a point at the duration of\nsomething leading up to it. ",[104,132,133],{},"I have been working. I had been working. I will\nhave been working.",[47,135,136],{},"Three times multiplied by four aspects gives twelve tenses. That is the whole\nmap. Learn what each aspect signals, and you can read any tense by reading its\ntwo parts.",[51,138,140],{"id":139},"the-master-table-all-twelve-tenses","The master table: all twelve tenses",[47,142,143,144,147],{},"The example verb is ",[104,145,146],{},"work"," throughout, so you can see only the form change.",[149,150,151,170],"table",{},[152,153,154],"thead",{},[155,156,157,161,164,167],"tr",{},[158,159,160],"th",{},"Tense",[158,162,163],{},"Form",[158,165,166],{},"Main use",[158,168,169],{},"Example",[171,172,173,190,206,222,238,254,270,286,302,318,334,350],"tbody",{},[155,174,175,179,182,185],{},[176,177,178],"td",{},"Present simple",[176,180,181],{},"base verb (+s)",[176,183,184],{},"habits, facts, general truths",[176,186,187],{},[104,188,189],{},"She works in Madrid.",[155,191,192,195,198,201],{},[176,193,194],{},"Present continuous",[176,196,197],{},"am\u002Fis\u002Fare + -ing",[176,199,200],{},"happening now, temporary",[176,202,203],{},[104,204,205],{},"She is working right now.",[155,207,208,211,214,217],{},[176,209,210],{},"Present perfect",[176,212,213],{},"have\u002Fhas + past participle",[176,215,216],{},"past action linked to now",[176,218,219],{},[104,220,221],{},"She has worked here for years.",[155,223,224,227,230,233],{},[176,225,226],{},"Present perfect continuous",[176,228,229],{},"have\u002Fhas been + -ing",[176,231,232],{},"duration up to now",[176,234,235],{},[104,236,237],{},"She has been working since dawn.",[155,239,240,243,246,249],{},[176,241,242],{},"Past simple",[176,244,245],{},"past form (-ed)",[176,247,248],{},"finished action at a finished time",[176,250,251],{},[104,252,253],{},"She worked yesterday.",[155,255,256,259,262,265],{},[176,257,258],{},"Past continuous",[176,260,261],{},"was\u002Fwere + -ing",[176,263,264],{},"in progress at a past moment",[176,266,267],{},[104,268,269],{},"She was working at six.",[155,271,272,275,278,281],{},[176,273,274],{},"Past perfect",[176,276,277],{},"had + past participle",[176,279,280],{},"the earlier of two past actions",[176,282,283],{},[104,284,285],{},"She had worked before they arrived.",[155,287,288,291,294,297],{},[176,289,290],{},"Past perfect continuous",[176,292,293],{},"had been + -ing",[176,295,296],{},"duration up to a past point",[176,298,299],{},[104,300,301],{},"She had been working for hours.",[155,303,304,307,310,313],{},[176,305,306],{},"Future simple",[176,308,309],{},"will + base verb",[176,311,312],{},"predictions, decisions, promises",[176,314,315],{},[104,316,317],{},"She will work tomorrow.",[155,319,320,323,326,329],{},[176,321,322],{},"Future continuous",[176,324,325],{},"will be + -ing",[176,327,328],{},"in progress at a future moment",[176,330,331],{},[104,332,333],{},"She will be working at noon.",[155,335,336,339,342,345],{},[176,337,338],{},"Future perfect",[176,340,341],{},"will have + past participle",[176,343,344],{},"finished before a future point",[176,346,347],{},[104,348,349],{},"She will have worked by Friday.",[155,351,352,355,358,361],{},[176,353,354],{},"Future perfect continuous",[176,356,357],{},"will have been + -ing",[176,359,360],{},"duration up to a future point",[176,362,363],{},[104,364,365],{},"She will have been working for a year.",[47,367,368,369,371],{},"Each row is just a time plus an aspect. ",[104,370,290],{}," is past time\nplus perfect continuous aspect: looking back from a point in the past at how long\nsomething had been going on. Nothing more.",[51,373,375],{"id":374},"a-note-on-the-future","A note on the future",[47,377,378,379,381,382,385,386,389,390,393,394,389,397,400,401,404,405,408,409,411,412,417],{},"English has no true future tense. Past and present each have a verb form built\nin (",[104,380,146],{}," \u002F ",[104,383,384],{},"worked","), but there is no single future ending. We borrow other\ntools to point at the future: ",[62,387,388],{},"will"," (",[104,391,392],{},"I will call","), ",[62,395,396],{},"going to",[104,398,399],{},"I am going\nto call","), the present continuous for arrangements (",[104,402,403],{},"I am calling her tonight","),\nand even the present simple for timetables (",[104,406,407],{},"the train leaves at nine","). For\nteaching, ",[62,410,388],{}," plus the four aspects fills the future column above, but the\nreal future system is wider. The\n",[413,414,416],"a",{"href":415},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffuture-tense","future tenses page"," sets out when to use each\nform.",[51,419,421],{"id":420},"how-to-choose-the-right-tense","How to choose the right tense",[47,423,424],{},"You do not need to scan all twelve every time. Ask three questions in order.",[426,427,428,434,440],"ol",{},[70,429,430,433],{},[62,431,432],{},"When does it happen - past, present or future?"," That fixes the time, and so\nthe column.",[70,435,436,439],{},[62,437,438],{},"Is it in progress at that point, or complete?"," In progress points you to a\ncontinuous aspect; complete or general points you to simple or perfect.",[70,441,442,445],{},[62,443,444],{},"Does it connect to another point in time?"," If you are looking back from a\nlater moment at something already done, you need a perfect aspect. If you also\ncare about how long it lasted up to that moment, use perfect continuous.",[47,447,448,449,452,453,456,457,460],{},"Worked example. You want to talk about a report. It is happening now (present),\nit is unfinished (continuous): ",[104,450,451],{},"I am writing the report."," You finished it and it\nmatters now (present, perfect): ",[104,454,455],{},"I have written the report."," You finished it\nbefore the meeting started (past, perfect): ",[104,458,459],{},"I had written the report before the\nmeeting."," Same verb, three answers, driven entirely by the three questions.",[47,462,463,464,468,469,468,473,468,477,481,482,485],{},"For the detail behind each box, see the individual pages:\n",[413,465,467],{"href":466},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-simple","present simple",",\n",[413,470,472],{"href":471},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-continuous","present continuous",[413,474,476],{"href":475},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpast-simple","past simple",[413,478,480],{"href":479},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-perfect","present perfect"," and\n",[413,483,484],{"href":415},"future tenses",".",[51,487,489],{"id":488},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[47,491,492],{},"These three account for most tense errors, regardless of first language.",[426,494,495,517,531],{},[70,496,497,500,501,504,505,508,509,512,513,516],{},[62,498,499],{},"Present perfect vs past simple."," If you say exactly when something happened,\nuse the past simple. ",[104,502,503],{},"I have seen him yesterday"," is wrong; it is ",[104,506,507],{},"I saw him\nyesterday."," Keep the present perfect for unfinished or unstated time: ",[104,510,511],{},"I have\nseen him"," (so I know the news). This is the single most common tense error in\nEnglish, and the ",[413,514,515],{"href":479},"present perfect page","\ncovers the split in full.",[70,518,519,522,523,526,527,530],{},[62,520,521],{},"Using simple where continuous is needed."," For an action in progress right\nnow, the simple sounds wrong: ",[104,524,525],{},"Be quiet, I work"," should be ",[104,528,529],{},"Be quiet, I am\nworking."," If it is happening around the moment you are speaking, reach for the\ncontinuous.",[70,532,533,536,537,540,541,544,545,548,549,552,553,556],{},[62,534,535],{},"Overusing the continuous with stative verbs."," Verbs of state - ",[104,538,539],{},"know,\nwant, like, believe, own, understand"," - normally avoid the continuous. ",[104,542,543],{},"I am\nknowing the answer"," and ",[104,546,547],{},"I am wanting tea"," are wrong; say ",[104,550,551],{},"I know the answer","\nand ",[104,554,555],{},"I want tea."," State verbs prefer the simple even when the meaning feels\nongoing.",[47,558,559],{},"A quick rule of thumb: when a sentence feels off, check the aspect before the\ntime. Most learner errors are the wrong aspect, not the wrong time.",[51,561,563],{"id":562},"practice","Practice",[47,565,566],{},"Choose the correct tense. Answers are below.",[426,568,569,577,583,589,595],{},[70,570,571,572,576],{},"Listen - someone ",[573,574,575],"code",{},"___"," (knock) at the door right now.",[70,578,579,580,582],{},"By next June, I ",[573,581,575],{}," (live) here for ten years.",[70,584,585,586,588],{},"I ",[573,587,575],{}," (see) that film last weekend.",[70,590,591,592,594],{},"She ",[573,593,575],{}," (already \u002F finish) her dinner, so she is not hungry.",[70,596,585,597,599],{},[573,598,575],{}," (want) to tell you something. (state verb)",[47,601,602,605],{},[62,603,604],{},"Answers:"," 1. is knocking (in progress now, present continuous) 2. will have\nlived (duration completed before a future point, future perfect continuous is\nalso accepted: will have been living) 3. saw (a finished time, \"last weekend\",\nforces the past simple) 4. has already finished (completed action linked to now,\npresent perfect) 5. want (a state verb, so the present simple, not \"am wanting\").",{"title":607,"searchDepth":608,"depth":608,"links":609},"",2,[610,611,612,613,614,615],{"id":53,"depth":608,"text":54},{"id":139,"depth":608,"text":140},{"id":374,"depth":608,"text":375},{"id":420,"depth":608,"text":421},{"id":488,"depth":608,"text":489},{"id":562,"depth":608,"text":563},"A1-B2","The 12 English tenses made simple. Three times and four aspects combine into one logical system, with a master table of forms, uses and examples for each.","md",[620,623,626,629],{"q":621,"a":622},"How many tenses are there in English?","English has twelve tenses in the common teaching model. They come from three times (past, present, future) crossed with four aspects (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous). Three times times four aspects gives twelve combinations, from present simple to future perfect continuous.",{"q":624,"a":625},"What is the difference between tense and aspect?","Tense places an action in time: past, present or future. Aspect tells you how the action sits in that time: whether it is general (simple), in progress (continuous), looked back on from a later point (perfect), or measured by its duration (perfect continuous). Every tense is one time plus one aspect.",{"q":627,"a":628},"What are the four aspects in English?","Simple (a complete or general fact: I work), continuous (in progress: I am working), perfect (completed and connected to a later point: I have worked), and perfect continuous (the duration of something up to a point: I have been working).",{"q":630,"a":631},"Is the future a real tense in English?","Strictly, English has no future tense the way it has past and present, because there is no future verb ending. We build the future with will, going to, the present continuous and others. For teaching, will plus the four aspects is treated as the future set of tenses.","english",{},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ftenses",{"title":41,"description":617},"english\u002Fgrammar\u002Ftenses","JH_hYwPQP1cXNjLQKy4X2iVx7aEB79OAUvTJSo8S4lk"]