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states in English",null,{"type":50,"value":51,"toc":983},"minimark",[52,73,78,84,92,106,113,130,148,152,163,168,185,258,275,285,289,295,312,326,330,349,378,476,491,495,506,516,535,546,558,568,582,617,621,640,655,665,669,789,793,796,928,932,935,968],[53,54,55,56,60,61,64,65,68,69,72],"p",{},"English gives you three structures that look alike and get mixed up constantly.\n",[57,58,59],"em",{},"I used to smoke",", ",[57,62,63],{},"every summer we would go to the sea",", and ",[57,66,67],{},"I am used to the\ncold"," do three different jobs. Two describe the past; one describes how you feel\nnow. This guide keeps them apart, shows you the spelling traps, and explains the\none rule that stops half the mistakes: ",[57,70,71],{},"would"," cannot describe a state.",[74,75,77],"h2",{"id":76},"used-to-for-past-habits-and-past-states","Used to for past habits and past states",[53,79,80,83],{},[57,81,82],{},"Used to + base verb"," is the workhorse. It describes something that was true or\nhappened repeatedly in the past but is not true now. The contrast with the\npresent is the whole point of it.",[53,85,86,87,91],{},"It covers two things. First, ",[88,89,90],"strong",{},"past habits",", repeated actions you no longer do:",[93,94,95,101],"ul",{},[96,97,98],"li",{},[57,99,100],{},"I used to smoke, but I gave up two years ago.",[96,102,103],{},[57,104,105],{},"We used to walk to school every day.",[53,107,108,109,112],{},"Second, ",[88,110,111],{},"past states",", situations that were true for a while and have since\nchanged:",[93,114,115,120,125],{},[96,116,117],{},[57,118,119],{},"She used to live in Spain.",[96,121,122],{},[57,123,124],{},"I used to have long hair.",[96,126,127],{},[57,128,129],{},"He used to be really shy.",[53,131,132,133,60,136,139,140,143,144,147],{},"Notice that ",[57,134,135],{},"live",[57,137,138],{},"have"," and ",[57,141,142],{},"be"," are not actions you repeat; they are\nsituations. ",[57,145,146],{},"Used to"," handles both the actions and the situations without any\nfuss, which is why it is the safe choice when you are not sure.",[74,149,151],{"id":150},"positive-negative-and-question-forms","Positive, negative and question forms",[53,153,154,155,158,159,162],{},"This is where the spelling catches people out. In a positive sentence, it is\n",[57,156,157],{},"used to"," with a ",[88,160,161],{},"d"," at the end:",[53,164,165],{},[57,166,167],{},"I used to play the guitar.",[53,169,170,171,64,174,176,177,180,181,184],{},"For negatives and questions, you bring in ",[57,172,173],{},"did",[57,175,173],{}," already carries the\npast tense. So the ",[88,178,179],{},"d drops off"," and it becomes ",[57,182,183],{},"use to",":",[186,187,188,204],"table",{},[189,190,191],"thead",{},[192,193,194,198,201],"tr",{},[195,196,197],"th",{},"Form",[195,199,200],{},"Structure",[195,202,203],{},"Example",[205,206,207,224,239],"tbody",{},[192,208,209,213,219],{},[210,211,212],"td",{},"Positive",[210,214,215,216,218],{},"subject + ",[57,217,157],{}," + base verb",[210,220,221],{},[57,222,223],{},"She used to work here.",[192,225,226,229,234],{},[210,227,228],{},"Negative",[210,230,231,218],{},[57,232,233],{},"didn't use to",[210,235,236],{},[57,237,238],{},"She didn't use to work here.",[192,240,241,244,253],{},[210,242,243],{},"Question",[210,245,246,249,250,252],{},[57,247,248],{},"Did"," + subject + ",[57,251,183],{},"...?",[210,254,255],{},[57,256,257],{},"Did she use to work here?",[53,259,260,263,264,267,268,263,271,274],{},[57,261,262],{},"I didn't use to like coffee."," (not ",[57,265,266],{},"didn't used to",")\n",[57,269,270],{},"Did you use to live abroad?",[57,272,273],{},"Did you used to",")",[53,276,277,278,284],{},"The two spellings sound identical when you say them, so the ear does not help\nyou. The rule is simple: ",[88,279,280,281,283],{},"after ",[57,282,173],{},", drop the d."," Everywhere else, keep it.",[74,286,288],{"id":287},"would-for-repeated-past-actions","Would for repeated past actions",[53,290,291,294],{},[57,292,293],{},"Would + base verb"," is a second way to talk about past habits. It often sounds a\nlittle more nostalgic, the kind of thing you find when someone remembers their\nchildhood.",[93,296,297,302,307],{},[96,298,299],{},[57,300,301],{},"Every summer we would go to the sea.",[96,303,304],{},[57,305,306],{},"My grandad would sit in that chair for hours.",[96,308,309],{},[57,310,311],{},"When it rained, we would play cards in the kitchen.",[53,313,314,315,317,318,321,322,325],{},"In all of these you could swap in ",[57,316,157],{}," and the meaning barely changes:\n",[57,319,320],{},"every summer we used to go to the sea"," is just as good. So for ",[88,323,324],{},"repeated\nactions",", the two are interchangeable.",[74,327,329],{"id":328},"the-key-limit-would-does-not-work-with-states","The key limit: would does not work with states",[53,331,332,333,336,337,340,341,344,345,348],{},"Here is the rule that matters most. ",[57,334,335],{},"Would"," only works for ",[88,338,339],{},"actions"," you\nrepeated. It does ",[88,342,343],{},"not"," work for ",[88,346,347],{},"states",", situations that simply existed.",[53,350,351,352,355,356,359,360,363,364,366,367,60,369,60,371,60,374,377],{},"You can say ",[57,353,354],{},"I used to live in Spain",", but you cannot say ",[57,357,358],{},"I would live in Spain","\nwhen you mean it as a past situation. ",[57,361,362],{},"Live"," is a state, not a repeated action, so\n",[57,365,71],{}," refuses to do the job. The same goes for ",[57,368,138],{},[57,370,142],{},[57,372,373],{},"know",[57,375,376],{},"like"," and\nother state verbs.",[186,379,380,398],{},[189,381,382],{},[192,383,384,387,391,395],{},[195,385,386],{},"Sentence",[195,388,389],{},[57,390,157],{},[195,392,393],{},[57,394,71],{},[195,396,397],{},"Why",[205,399,400,416,432,447,461],{},[192,401,402,408,411,413],{},[210,403,404,405],{},"_We ",[57,406,407],{},"__ walk to school.",[210,409,410],{},"Yes",[210,412,410],{},[210,414,415],{},"Repeated action",[192,417,418,424,426,429],{},[210,419,420,421],{},"_I ",[57,422,423],{},"__ live in Spain.",[210,425,410],{},[210,427,428],{},"No",[210,430,431],{},"State, not a repeated action",[192,433,434,440,442,444],{},[210,435,436,437],{},"_She ",[57,438,439],{},"__ have a red car.",[210,441,410],{},[210,443,428],{},[210,445,446],{},"State (possession)",[192,448,449,455,457,459],{},[210,450,451,452],{},"_They ",[57,453,454],{},"__ visit us every year.",[210,456,410],{},[210,458,410],{},[210,460,415],{},[192,462,463,469,471,473],{},[210,464,465,466],{},"_He ",[57,467,468],{},"__ be very quiet.",[210,470,410],{},[210,472,428],{},[210,474,475],{},"State (how someone was)",[53,477,478,479,487,488,490],{},"The takeaway: ",[88,480,481,483,484,486],{},[57,482,157],{}," always works for the past; ",[57,485,71],{}," only works when the\nverb is an action you did again and again."," When in doubt, use ",[57,489,157],{},".",[74,492,494],{"id":493},"be-used-to-a-completely-different-structure","Be used to: a completely different structure",[53,496,497,498,501,502,505],{},"Now the one that looks the same but means something totally different. ",[57,499,500],{},"Be used\nto"," means to be ",[88,503,504],{},"accustomed"," to something, to find it normal because you have\nexperienced it a lot. It is not about the past at all; it describes how something\nfeels to you now.",[53,507,508,509,512,513,184],{},"The structure is ",[57,510,511],{},"be used to + noun"," or ",[57,514,515],{},"be used to + -ing",[93,517,518,524,530],{},[96,519,520,523],{},[57,521,522],{},"I am used to the cold."," (the cold feels normal to me)",[96,525,526,529],{},[57,527,528],{},"She is used to getting up early."," (early mornings are normal for her)",[96,531,532],{},[57,533,534],{},"We are not used to the noise yet.",[53,536,537,538,541,542,545],{},"There is a related version, ",[88,539,540],{},"get used to",", for the ",[57,543,544],{},"process"," of becoming\naccustomed:",[93,547,548,553],{},[96,549,550],{},[57,551,552],{},"It took me a month to get used to the traffic.",[96,554,555],{},[57,556,557],{},"You will get used to it.",[53,559,560,561,564,565,184],{},"The huge trap is confusing ",[57,562,563],{},"used to do"," with ",[57,566,567],{},"be used to doing",[93,569,570,576],{},[96,571,572,575],{},[57,573,574],{},"I used to work nights."," = A past habit. I did it before; I do not now.",[96,577,578,581],{},[57,579,580],{},"I am used to working nights."," = Night work feels normal to me. I might still\ndo it.",[53,583,584,585,60,588,60,591,594,595,598,599,602,603,606,607,512,610,613,614,490],{},"The first is a finished past routine. The second is a present feeling. The little\nwords ",[57,586,587],{},"am",[57,589,590],{},"is",[57,592,593],{},"are"," (or ",[57,596,597],{},"get",") in front are the signal that you have switched\nstructures. And after ",[57,600,601],{},"be used to",", you use a noun or an ",[57,604,605],{},"-ing"," form, never a\nbase verb: ",[57,608,609],{},"I am used to the cold",[57,611,612],{},"I am used to waking up early",", not ",[57,615,616],{},"I am\nused to wake up early",[74,618,620],{"id":619},"no-used-to-for-the-present","No used to for the present",[53,622,623,625,626,629,630,60,633,636,637,184],{},[57,624,146],{}," is only ever about the past. For a ",[88,627,628],{},"present habit",", do not reach for\nit. Use the present simple with a frequency word like ",[57,631,632],{},"always",[57,634,635],{},"usually"," or\n",[57,638,639],{},"often",[93,641,642,650],{},[96,643,644,263,647,274],{},[57,645,646],{},"I usually get up at seven.",[57,648,649],{},"I use to get up at seven",[96,651,652],{},[57,653,654],{},"She always drinks tea in the morning.",[53,656,657,658,660,661,664],{},"If you want to say a present routine feels normal, that is the other structure,\n",[57,659,601],{},": ",[57,662,663],{},"I am used to getting up at seven."," But a plain present habit is\njust the present simple.",[74,666,668],{"id":667},"summary-table","Summary table",[186,670,671,685],{},[189,672,673],{},[192,674,675,677,680,683],{},[195,676,200],{},[195,678,679],{},"Meaning",[195,681,682],{},"Followed by",[195,684,203],{},[205,686,687,704,720,737,753,772],{},[192,688,689,693,696,699],{},[210,690,691],{},[57,692,157],{},[210,694,695],{},"past habit or past state",[210,697,698],{},"base verb",[210,700,701],{},[57,702,703],{},"I used to smoke.",[192,705,706,710,713,715],{},[210,707,708],{},[57,709,233],{},[210,711,712],{},"negative past habit\u002Fstate",[210,714,698],{},[210,716,717],{},[57,718,719],{},"I didn't use to like it.",[192,721,722,727,730,732],{},[210,723,724],{},[57,725,726],{},"Did... use to?",[210,728,729],{},"question about past habit",[210,731,698],{},[210,733,734],{},[57,735,736],{},"Did you use to live here?",[192,738,739,743,746,748],{},[210,740,741],{},[57,742,71],{},[210,744,745],{},"repeated past action only",[210,747,698],{},[210,749,750],{},[57,751,752],{},"We would go every summer.",[192,754,755,759,762,767],{},[210,756,757],{},[57,758,601],{},[210,760,761],{},"be accustomed to (now)",[210,763,764,765],{},"noun or ",[57,766,605],{},[210,768,769],{},[57,770,771],{},"She is used to the cold.",[192,773,774,778,781,785],{},[210,775,776],{},[57,777,540],{},[210,779,780],{},"become accustomed to",[210,782,764,783],{},[57,784,605],{},[210,786,787],{},[57,788,557],{},[74,790,792],{"id":791},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[53,794,795],{},"Ranked by how often learners actually make them.",[797,798,799,822,847,871,892,914],"ol",{},[96,800,801,809,810,812,813,613,816,819,820,490],{},[88,802,803,805,806,808],{},[57,804,183],{}," instead of ",[57,807,157],{}," in positives."," In a plain positive sentence\nit is ",[57,811,157],{}," with a d: ",[57,814,815],{},"I used to play football",[57,817,818],{},"I use to play\nfootball",". The d only disappears after ",[57,821,173],{},[96,823,824,829,830,833,834,837,838,840,841,139,844,490],{},[88,825,826,827,490],{},"Keeping the d after ",[57,828,173],{}," The opposite slip. ",[57,831,832],{},"Did you used to smoke?"," and\n",[57,835,836],{},"I didn't used to smoke"," are wrong. ",[57,839,248],{}," already marks the past, so it is\n",[57,842,843],{},"Did you use to smoke?",[57,845,846],{},"I didn't use to smoke",[96,848,849,854,855,512,857,860,861,863,864,660,866,60,868,490],{},[88,850,851,853],{},[57,852,71],{}," for a state."," ",[57,856,358],{},[57,858,859],{},"She would have a dog"," are\nwrong when you mean a past situation. ",[57,862,335],{}," only works for repeated actions;\nfor states you need ",[57,865,157],{},[57,867,354],{},[57,869,870],{},"she used to have a\ndog",[96,872,873,878,879,881,882,884,885,888,889,490],{},[88,874,875],{},[57,876,877],{},"be used to + base verb."," After ",[57,880,601],{}," you need a noun or an ",[57,883,605],{},"\nform. ",[57,886,887],{},"I am used to get up early"," should be ",[57,890,891],{},"I am used to getting up early",[96,893,894,854,902,905,906,909,910,913],{},[88,895,896,897,139,899],{},"Mixing up ",[57,898,563],{},[57,900,901],{},"be used to doing.",[57,903,904],{},"I used to work here"," (a\nfinished past job) is not the same as ",[57,907,908],{},"I am used to working here"," (the job\nfeels normal). Check whether there is an ",[57,911,912],{},"am\u002Fis\u002Fare\u002Fget"," in front before you\nchoose your meaning.",[96,915,916,854,921,924,925,490],{},[88,917,918,920],{},[57,919,157],{}," for the present.",[57,922,923],{},"I use to go to the gym on Mondays"," meaning a\ncurrent routine is wrong. Use the present simple: ",[57,926,927],{},"I usually go to the gym on\nMondays",[74,929,931],{"id":930},"practice","Practice",[53,933,934],{},"Choose the best option to complete each sentence. Answers are below.",[797,936,937,945,950,956,962],{},[96,938,939,940,944],{},"When I was a child, I ",[941,942,943],"code",{},"___"," (used to \u002F am used to) be afraid of the dark.",[96,946,947,949],{},[941,948,943],{}," (Did you use to \u002F Did you used to) play a sport at school?",[96,951,952,953,955],{},"Every winter my family ",[941,954,943],{}," (would \u002F used to) go skiing in the mountains.",[96,957,958,959,961],{},"I have lived here for years, so I ",[941,960,943],{}," (used to \u002F am used to) the noise now.",[96,963,964,965,967],{},"She ",[941,966,943],{}," (would \u002F used to) have three cats. (Careful: state.)",[53,969,970,973,974,976,977,979,980,982],{},[88,971,972],{},"Answers:"," 1. used to (past state) 2. Did you use to (drop the d after ",[57,975,173],{},") 3. would or used to (a repeated action, both fine) 4. am used to (accustomed now,\nfollowed by a noun) 5. used to (",[57,978,138],{}," is a state, so ",[57,981,71],{}," does not work).",{"title":984,"searchDepth":985,"depth":985,"links":986},"",2,[987,988,989,990,991,992,993,994,995],{"id":76,"depth":985,"text":77},{"id":150,"depth":985,"text":151},{"id":287,"depth":985,"text":288},{"id":328,"depth":985,"text":329},{"id":493,"depth":985,"text":494},{"id":619,"depth":985,"text":620},{"id":667,"depth":985,"text":668},{"id":791,"depth":985,"text":792},{"id":930,"depth":985,"text":931},"A2-B1","How to talk about the past in English with used to, would and be used to. Past habits and states, the difference between them, why would does not work with states, and why be used to is a different thing entirely.","md",[1000,1003,1006,1009],{"q":1001,"a":1002},"What is the difference between used to and would?","Both describe repeated actions in the past, so used to go and would go often mean the same thing. The difference is states. Used to also works for past situations that are no longer true, like used to live, used to have or used to be. Would cannot do this. You can say I used to live in Spain but not I would live in Spain when you mean a state. For safe past habits, used to always works; would only works for actions.",{"q":1004,"a":1005},"Is it use to or used to?","In a positive sentence it is used to with a d: I used to smoke. After did, in negatives and questions, the d disappears because did already carries the past tense: I didn't use to smoke and Did you use to smoke? So used to on its own, but use to after did. The spellings sound the same, which is why the mistake is so common in writing.",{"q":1007,"a":1008},"What does be used to mean and how is it different?","Be used to means to be accustomed to something, to find it normal because you have done it a lot. It is followed by a noun or an -ing form: I am used to the cold, she is used to getting up early. This is completely different from used to do, which is a past habit. Used to work nights is a finished past routine; be used to working nights means night work feels normal to you now.",{"q":1010,"a":1011},"Can I use used to for the present?","No. Used to is only for the past. For a present habit, use the present simple with a word like always, usually or often: I usually get up at seven, not I use to get up at seven. If you mean you are accustomed to something in the present, that is a different structure, be used to: I am used to getting up at seven.","english",{},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fused-to-and-would",{"title":47,"description":997},"english\u002Fgrammar\u002Fused-to-and-would","SyNSlVmv1E_A0H9vvpISlBe35w5ARZXBtdaj6AziYRw"]