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stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":342,"date":35,"description":343,"extension":344,"faqs":345,"gcseTier":352,"intro":353,"language":354,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":355,"navigation":356,"path":357,"seo":358,"stem":359,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":360},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fdemonstratives.md","French Demonstratives: ce, cet, cette, ces and the -ci \u002F -la Distance Split",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":331},"minimark",[39,44,53,58,102,116,120,123,139,147,151,157,162,168,173,177,192,224,231,235,273,277,310,314],[40,41,43],"h1",{"id":42},"french-demonstratives","French Demonstratives",[45,46,47,48,52],"p",{},"French has four demonstrative adjectives - ",[49,50,51],"strong",{},"ce, cet, cette, ces"," - covering \"this\" and \"that\" together. Pick the form by the noun's gender and number; the near \u002F far distinction is optional and handled separately.",[54,55,57],"h2",{"id":56},"the-four-forms","The four forms",[59,60,61,77],"table",{},[62,63,64],"thead",{},[65,66,67,71,74],"tr",{},[68,69,70],"th",{},"Number",[68,72,73],{},"Masculine",[68,75,76],{},"Feminine",[78,79,80,92],"tbody",{},[65,81,82,86,89],{},[83,84,85],"td",{},"Singular",[83,87,88],{},"ce (cet before vowel)",[83,90,91],{},"cette",[65,93,94,97,100],{},[83,95,96],{},"Plural",[83,98,99],{},"ces",[83,101,99],{},[45,103,104,105,107,108,111,112,115],{},"The plural ",[49,106,99],{}," is the same for both genders, the same way ",[49,109,110],{},"les"," and ",[49,113,114],{},"des"," are.",[54,117,119],{"id":118},"ce-vs-cet","ce vs cet",[45,121,122],{},"Both are masculine singular. The choice is purely phonetic.",[124,125,126,133],"ul",{},[127,128,129,132],"li",{},[49,130,131],{},"ce"," before a consonant: ce livre, ce chien, ce film, ce garcon",[127,134,135,138],{},[49,136,137],{},"cet"," before a vowel or silent h: cet homme, cet arbre, cet ami, cet hotel, cet enfant",[45,140,141,111,144,146],{},[49,142,143],{},"Cet",[49,145,91],{}," are pronounced identically. Only the spelling differs. If you mishear them in speech you can't tell them apart - you have to know the noun's gender.",[54,148,150],{"id":149},"feminine-and-plural","Feminine and plural",[45,152,153,154,156],{},"Feminine singular always ",[49,155,91],{},", regardless of the next sound:",[124,158,159],{},[127,160,161],{},"cette femme, cette maison, cette idee, cette ecole",[45,163,164,165,167],{},"Plural always ",[49,166,99],{},":",[124,169,170],{},[127,171,172],{},"ces livres, ces femmes, ces enfants, ces idees",[54,174,176],{"id":175},"the-ci-la-near-far-distinction","The -ci \u002F -la near \u002F far distinction",[45,178,179,180,183,184,187,188,191],{},"French doesn't bake the near \u002F far split into the determiner. ",[49,181,182],{},"Ce livre"," can mean \"this book\" or \"that book\"; context decides. When you genuinely need to mark the distinction, append the suffixes ",[49,185,186],{},"-ci"," (here, near speaker) and ",[49,189,190],{},"-la"," (there, away) to the noun, with a hyphen.",[124,193,194,200,206,212,218],{},[127,195,196,199],{},[49,197,198],{},"ce livre-ci"," (this book here)",[127,201,202,205],{},[49,203,204],{},"ce livre-la"," (that book there)",[127,207,208,211],{},[49,209,210],{},"cette maison-ci"," (this house)",[127,213,214,217],{},[49,215,216],{},"cette maison-la"," (that house)",[127,219,220,223],{},[49,221,222],{},"ces enfants-ci ... ces enfants-la"," (these children ... those children)",[45,225,226,227,230],{},"The suffixes are common in contrasts (\"this one or that one\") and rare in isolation. If you only need a vague gesture, plain ",[49,228,229],{},"ce \u002F cet \u002F cette \u002F ces"," is fine.",[54,232,234],{"id":233},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[124,236,237,243,249,255,261,267],{},[127,238,239,242],{},[49,240,241],{},"Ce film est excellent."," (This film \u002F that film is excellent.)",[127,244,245,248],{},[49,246,247],{},"Cet homme parle francais."," (This man speaks French.)",[127,250,251,254],{},[49,252,253],{},"Cette voiture est rouge."," (This car is red.)",[127,256,257,260],{},[49,258,259],{},"Ces enfants sont fatigues."," (These children are tired.)",[127,262,263,266],{},[49,264,265],{},"Je prefere ce livre-ci a celui-la."," (I prefer this book to that one.)",[127,268,269,272],{},[49,270,271],{},"A cette epoque, j'habitais a Paris."," (At that time, I was living in Paris.)",[54,274,276],{"id":275},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[45,278,279,280,282,283,286,287,290,291,111,293,295,296,299,300,303,304,309],{},"The big one is using ",[49,281,131],{}," before a vowel and writing ",[49,284,285],{},"ce homme",". It has to be ",[49,288,289],{},"cet homme"," - the rule is mandatory, not stylistic. The second is over-using ",[49,292,186],{},[49,294,190],{}," because the English brain wants to translate \"this\" and \"that\" word for word. Don't. Most French speakers default to plain ",[49,297,298],{},"ce \u002F cette \u002F ces"," unless the contrast is doing real work in the sentence. The third is forgetting that demonstratives don't replace the noun - \"this one\" is ",[49,301,302],{},"celui-ci \u002F celle-ci",", a separate set of demonstrative pronouns covered on the ",[305,306,308],"a",{"href":307},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate grammar"," page.",[54,311,313],{"id":312},"see-also","See also",[124,315,316,324],{},[127,317,318,319,323],{},"The ",[305,320,322],{"href":321},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcheatsheet","French grammar cheatsheet"," covers the full A1-B1 foundation.",[127,325,318,326,330],{},[305,327,329],{"href":328},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Farticles","French articles page"," covers le \u002F la \u002F les and the gender rules demonstratives also follow.",{"title":332,"searchDepth":333,"depth":333,"links":334},"",2,[335,336,337,338,339,340,341],{"id":56,"depth":333,"text":57},{"id":118,"depth":333,"text":119},{"id":149,"depth":333,"text":150},{"id":175,"depth":333,"text":176},{"id":233,"depth":333,"text":234},{"id":275,"depth":333,"text":276},{"id":312,"depth":333,"text":313},"A1-A2","French demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces) for this \u002F that \u002F these \u002F those. Four forms, the cet-before-vowel rule, and the optional -ci \u002F -la suffixes that distinguish near from far.","md",[346,349],{"q":347,"a":348},"What is the difference between ce and cet in French?","Both are masculine singular. Ce is the default (ce livre, ce chien). Cet is the form used before a masculine noun starting with a vowel or silent h (cet homme, cet arbre, cet hotel). It exists purely for pronunciation - ce homme would be clunky, so French inserts the t to bridge the vowels. Cet is pronounced exactly like cette, but in writing it has no e on the end.",{"q":350,"a":351},"How do you say 'this one' versus 'that one' in French?","French doesn't change the determiner. Ce livre means 'this book' or 'that book' - context decides. When you genuinely need to mark near vs far, append -ci for near and -la for far: ce livre-ci (this book here), ce livre-la (that book there). The hyphenated forms are the only way to force the near \u002F far distinction onto the demonstrative in French, and most of the time you don't need them.","foundation","English splits demonstratives two ways: this \u002F that. French collapses the split into one set of four forms - ce, cet, cette, ces - and only marks the near \u002F far distinction when context demands it, using -ci (here) and -la (there) glued to the noun. This page covers the four forms, the cet-before-vowel rule that catches everyone, and when to reach for -ci and -la.","french",{},true,"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fdemonstratives",{"title":34,"description":343},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fdemonstratives","dBRtguRgzg0QvKdNMynmkTLi_Q-P1_OX4rxNpvJlB8g",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":363},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":365},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":367},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":369},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":371},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":373},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":375},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":377,"hidden":356},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1781531943746]