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stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":585,"date":35,"description":586,"extension":587,"faqs":588,"gcseTier":595,"intro":596,"language":597,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":598,"navigation":599,"path":600,"seo":601,"stem":602,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":603},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fimparfait.md","French Imparfait: One Stem, One Set of Endings, One Irregular",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":573},"minimark",[39,44,48,53,64,74,80,146,153,170,176,189,194,207,212,225,229,239,296,311,315,318,324,344,350,364,370,402,406,409,459,463,466,470,508,512,544,548],[40,41,43],"h1",{"id":42},"french-imparfait","French Imparfait",[45,46,47],"p",{},"The imparfait is the cleanest tense to conjugate in French. One stem, one set of endings, and exactly one irregular verb in the whole language.",[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"how-to-form-it","How to form it",[45,54,55,59,60,63],{},[56,57,58],"strong",{},"Step 1",": take the ",[56,61,62],{},"nous","-form of the present tense.",[45,65,66,69,70,73],{},[56,67,68],{},"Step 2",": drop the ",[56,71,72],{},"-ons"," ending. You're left with the stem.",[45,75,76,79],{},[56,77,78],{},"Step 3",": add the imparfait endings.",[81,82,83,96],"table",{},[84,85,86],"thead",{},[87,88,89,93],"tr",{},[90,91,92],"th",{},"Person",[90,94,95],{},"Ending",[97,98,99,108,115,123,130,138],"tbody",{},[87,100,101,105],{},[102,103,104],"td",{},"je",[102,106,107],{},"-ais",[87,109,110,113],{},[102,111,112],{},"tu",[102,114,107],{},[87,116,117,120],{},[102,118,119],{},"il \u002F elle \u002F on",[102,121,122],{},"-ait",[87,124,125,127],{},[102,126,62],{},[102,128,129],{},"-ions",[87,131,132,135],{},[102,133,134],{},"vous",[102,136,137],{},"-iez",[87,139,140,143],{},[102,141,142],{},"ils \u002F elles",[102,144,145],{},"-aient",[45,147,148,149,152],{},"Worked through with ",[56,150,151],{},"parler",":",[154,155,156,167],"ul",{},[157,158,159,160,163,164],"li",{},"nous ",[56,161,162],{},"parlons"," -> stem ",[56,165,166],{},"parl-",[157,168,169],{},"je parlais, tu parlais, il parlait, nous parlions, vous parliez, ils parlaient",[45,171,172,173,152],{},"With ",[56,174,175],{},"finir",[154,177,178,186],{},[157,179,159,180,163,183],{},[56,181,182],{},"finissons",[56,184,185],{},"finiss-",[157,187,188],{},"je finissais, tu finissais, il finissait, nous finissions, vous finissiez, ils finissaient",[45,190,172,191,152],{},[56,192,193],{},"faire",[154,195,196,204],{},[157,197,159,198,163,201],{},[56,199,200],{},"faisons",[56,202,203],{},"fais-",[157,205,206],{},"je faisais, tu faisais, il faisait, nous faisions, vous faisiez, ils faisaient",[45,208,172,209,152],{},[56,210,211],{},"prendre",[154,213,214,222],{},[157,215,159,216,163,219],{},[56,217,218],{},"prenons",[56,220,221],{},"pren-",[157,223,224],{},"je prenais, tu prenais, il prenait, nous prenions, vous preniez, ils prenaient",[49,226,228],{"id":227},"the-only-irregular","The only irregular",[45,230,231,234,235,238],{},[56,232,233],{},"Etre"," is the only verb in the entire language with an irregular imparfait stem. Use ",[56,236,237],{},"et-"," with the standard endings.",[81,240,241,251],{},[84,242,243],{},[87,244,245,248],{},[90,246,247],{},"Subject",[90,249,250],{},"Form",[97,252,253,260,267,275,282,289],{},[87,254,255,257],{},[102,256,104],{},[102,258,259],{},"j'etais",[87,261,262,264],{},[102,263,112],{},[102,265,266],{},"tu etais",[87,268,269,272],{},[102,270,271],{},"il \u002F elle",[102,273,274],{},"etait",[87,276,277,279],{},[102,278,62],{},[102,280,281],{},"etions",[87,283,284,286],{},[102,285,134],{},[102,287,288],{},"etiez",[87,290,291,293],{},[102,292,142],{},[102,294,295],{},"etaient",[45,297,298,299,302,303,306,307,310],{},"That's it. Every other verb - including avoir, faire, aller, devoir, pouvoir, vouloir - is regular. (Avoir comes out as ",[56,300,301],{},"avais, avait, avions, aviez, avaient"," because nous ",[56,304,305],{},"avons"," -> av-; faire is ",[56,308,309],{},"faisais"," because nous faisons -> fais-. These follow the rule, they aren't exceptions.)",[49,312,314],{"id":313},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[45,316,317],{},"Three core uses.",[45,319,320,323],{},[56,321,322],{},"1. Habitual past actions"," (\"used to\", \"would\"):",[154,325,326,332,338],{},[157,327,328,331],{},[56,329,330],{},"Quand j'etais petit, je jouais au foot."," (When I was little, I used to play football.)",[157,333,334,337],{},[56,335,336],{},"Tous les dimanches, nous mangions chez ma grand-mere."," (Every Sunday, we used to eat at my grandmother's.)",[157,339,340,343],{},[56,341,342],{},"Avant, j'habitais a Paris."," (I used to live in Paris.)",[45,345,346,349],{},[56,347,348],{},"2. Ongoing past actions"," (\"was X-ing\"):",[154,351,352,358],{},[157,353,354,357],{},[56,355,356],{},"Pendant que je lisais, le telephone a sonne."," (While I was reading, the phone rang.)",[157,359,360,363],{},[56,361,362],{},"Quand tu m'as appele, je dormais."," (When you called me, I was sleeping.)",[45,365,366,369],{},[56,367,368],{},"3. Background description and states"," (the scene, weather, age, time, feelings):",[154,371,372,378,384,390,396],{},[157,373,374,377],{},[56,375,376],{},"Il faisait beau."," (The weather was nice.)",[157,379,380,383],{},[56,381,382],{},"J'avais vingt ans."," (I was twenty years old.)",[157,385,386,389],{},[56,387,388],{},"Elle etait fatiguee."," (She was tired.)",[157,391,392,395],{},[56,393,394],{},"C'etait dimanche matin."," (It was Sunday morning.)",[157,397,398,401],{},[56,399,400],{},"La maison etait grande et il y avait un jardin."," (The house was big and there was a garden.)",[49,403,405],{"id":404},"time-markers-that-trigger-the-imparfait","Time markers that trigger the imparfait",[45,407,408],{},"If any of these appear in the sentence, imparfait is almost certainly the right tense.",[154,410,411,417,423,429,435,441,447,453],{},[157,412,413,416],{},[56,414,415],{},"souvent"," (often)",[157,418,419,422],{},[56,420,421],{},"toujours"," (always)",[157,424,425,428],{},[56,426,427],{},"tous les jours \u002F toutes les semaines \u002F tous les ans"," (every day \u002F week \u002F year)",[157,430,431,434],{},[56,432,433],{},"chaque jour \u002F chaque semaine"," (each day \u002F week)",[157,436,437,440],{},[56,438,439],{},"d'habitude \u002F normalement"," (usually \u002F normally)",[157,442,443,446],{},[56,444,445],{},"pendant que"," (while)",[157,448,449,452],{},[56,450,451],{},"quand j'etais petit \u002F jeune"," (when I was little \u002F young)",[157,454,455,458],{},[56,456,457],{},"a cette epoque"," (at that time)",[49,460,462],{"id":461},"the-je-il-ils-ambiguity","The je \u002F il \u002F ils ambiguity",[45,464,465],{},"The je, tu, il and ils forms can all sound similar in spoken French (parlais, parlais, parlait, parlaient all reduce to the same \u002Fɛ\u002F sound). In writing they're distinct; in speech, context and the subject pronoun do the disambiguating.",[49,467,469],{"id":468},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[154,471,472,478,484,490,496,502],{},[157,473,474,477],{},[56,475,476],{},"Quand j'etais a l'ecole, j'aimais les maths."," (When I was at school, I liked maths.)",[157,479,480,483],{},[56,481,482],{},"Mon pere travaillait dans une banque."," (My father worked at a bank.)",[157,485,486,489],{},[56,487,488],{},"Nous parlions francais a la maison."," (We spoke French at home.)",[157,491,492,495],{},[56,493,494],{},"Il faisait froid et il pleuvait."," (It was cold and it was raining.)",[157,497,498,501],{},[56,499,500],{},"Tous les etes, nous allions a la plage."," (Every summer, we used to go to the beach.)",[157,503,504,507],{},[56,505,506],{},"Elle avait l'air heureuse."," (She looked happy.)",[49,509,511],{"id":510},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[45,513,514,515,518,519,521,522,524,525,527,528,531,532,535,536,539,540,543],{},"Trying to invent irregular forms because the verb is irregular in the present: ",[56,516,517],{},"avoir"," is regular in the imparfait (j'avais), ",[56,520,193],{}," is regular (je faisais), ",[56,523,211],{}," is regular (je prenais). The only irregular stem is ",[56,526,237],{}," from etre. Forgetting the -i- in the nous and vous forms - ",[56,529,530],{},"nous parlons"," in the imparfait is ",[56,533,534],{},"nous parlions",", with both an -i- and the -ons (the -i- comes from the imparfait ending, the -ons is part of -ions). And confusing imparfait with passe compose for bounded events - ",[56,537,538],{},"hier j'allais au cinema"," is wrong, the bounded \"yesterday\" wants passe compose: ",[56,541,542],{},"hier je suis alle au cinema",".",[49,545,547],{"id":546},"see-also","See also",[154,549,550,559,566],{},[157,551,552,553,558],{},"The ",[554,555,557],"a",{"href":556},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpasse-compose","passe compose page"," covers the other Foundation-tier past tense.",[157,560,552,561,565],{},[554,562,564],{"href":563},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpasse-compose-vs-imparfait","passe compose vs imparfait page"," covers the decision rules side by side.",[157,567,552,568,572],{},[554,569,571],{"href":570},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate French grammar"," page covers the full French past-tense system including the plus-que-parfait.",{"title":574,"searchDepth":575,"depth":575,"links":576},"",2,[577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584],{"id":51,"depth":575,"text":52},{"id":227,"depth":575,"text":228},{"id":313,"depth":575,"text":314},{"id":404,"depth":575,"text":405},{"id":461,"depth":575,"text":462},{"id":468,"depth":575,"text":469},{"id":510,"depth":575,"text":511},{"id":546,"depth":575,"text":547},"A2-B1","French imparfait - the past tense for habitual, ongoing, or background actions. Stem from the nous-form of the present, endings -ais \u002F -ais \u002F -ait \u002F -ions \u002F -iez \u002F -aient. Only one irregular stem in the language.","md",[589,592],{"q":590,"a":591},"How do you form the French imparfait?","Take the nous-form of the present tense, drop the -ons ending, and add: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient. Parler -> nous parlons -> parl- -> je parlais, tu parlais, il parlait, nous parlions, vous parliez, ils parlaient. Finir -> nous finissons -> finiss- -> je finissais. Faire -> nous faisons -> fais- -> je faisais. The whole language has one irregular stem: etre uses et- (j'etais, tu etais, il etait, nous etions, vous etiez, ils etaient).",{"q":593,"a":594},"When do you use the imparfait in French?","Three core uses. First, habitual past actions - 'used to' or 'would' (quand j'etais petit, je jouais au foot = when I was little, I used to play football). Second, ongoing past actions - 'was X-ing' (pendant que je lisais, le telephone a sonne = while I was reading, the phone rang). Third, background description and states - setting the scene, weather, age, time, feelings (il faisait beau, j'avais vingt ans, elle etait fatiguee). Time markers like souvent, toujours, tous les jours, quand j'etais petit all signal imparfait.","foundation","The imparfait is the easiest French tense to form and one of the most useful. One stem (the nous-form of the present minus -ons), one set of endings, and only one irregular verb in the whole language. This page covers the formation, the irregular, and the three core uses: habitual past, ongoing past, and background description.","french",{},true,"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fimparfait",{"title":34,"description":586},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fimparfait","koOdQcLAOqYFfp6G9Q4TNcTquJ5y_E2jDSXwFo4yIv4",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":606},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":608},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":610},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":612},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":614},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":616},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":618},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":620,"hidden":599},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1781531943746]