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Some aren't even negatives - ",[62,67,68],{},"ne... que"," means \"only\". Some rewrite the articles around them. And in the ",[62,71,72],{},"passe compose"," they split into two camps over where the second element lands. The core four pairs (",[62,75,76],{},"pas, plus, jamais, rien, personne",") live on the ",[79,80,82],"a",{"href":81},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation","French negation page","; this page picks up where that one stops.",[85,86,88],"h2",{"id":87},"ne-que-only-and-not-a-real-negative","ne... que: \"only\", and not a real negative",[58,90,91,93,94,97,98,101,102,105,106,109],{},[62,92,68],{}," means ",[62,95,96],{},"only",". Despite the ",[62,99,100],{},"ne",", it is a ",[62,103,104],{},"restriction",", not a negation. The ",[62,107,108],{},"que"," sits directly in front of the thing it restricts.",[111,112,113,120,126,132],"ul",{},[114,115,116,119],"li",{},[62,117,118],{},"Je ne bois que de l'eau."," (I drink only water.)",[114,121,122,125],{},[62,123,124],{},"Il ne mange que le soir."," (He only eats in the evening.)",[114,127,128,131],{},[62,129,130],{},"Elle n'a que dix ans."," (She is only ten.)",[114,133,134,137],{},[62,135,136],{},"On ne vit qu'une fois."," (You only live once.)",[58,139,140,141,143,144,147],{},"Because ",[62,142,108],{}," clamps onto whatever follows it, ",[62,145,146],{},"moving the que moves the meaning",":",[111,149,150,156],{},[114,151,152,155],{},[62,153,154],{},"Il ne mange que des legumes le soir."," (He eats only vegetables in the evening - the restriction is on what.)",[114,157,158,161],{},[62,159,160],{},"Il ne mange des legumes que le soir."," (He eats vegetables only in the evening - the restriction is on when.)",[163,164,166],"h3",{"id":165},"ne-que-keeps-the-articles-no-de-rule","ne... que keeps the articles (no de rule)",[58,168,169,170,172,173,176,177,180,181,183,184,187,188,190],{},"This is the trap. After ",[62,171,64],{},", the indefinite and partitive articles collapse to ",[62,174,175],{},"de"," (",[62,178,179],{},"je ne bois pas d'eau","). After ",[62,182,68],{}," they ",[62,185,186],{},"stay intact",", because ",[62,189,108],{}," is not a true negative:",[111,192,193,198,204],{},[114,194,195,197],{},[62,196,118],{}," (not \"que d'eau\")",[114,199,200,203],{},[62,201,202],{},"Il ne lit que des bandes dessinees."," (He reads only comics.)",[114,205,206,209],{},[62,207,208],{},"Elle ne mange que du chocolat."," (She eats only chocolate.)",[58,211,212,213,216,217,219,220,222],{},"If you ever do see ",[62,214,215],{},"ne... que de"," with a bare ",[62,218,175],{},", it's the restriction landing on a noun that already had ",[62,221,175],{}," for another reason, not the negation rule kicking in.",[163,224,226],{"id":225},"ne-que-vs-seulement","ne... que vs seulement",[58,228,229,232,233,147],{},[62,230,231],{},"seulement"," is the plain adverb for \"only\" and does the same job without the ",[62,234,100],{},[111,236,237,245],{},[114,238,239,241,242,119],{},[62,240,118],{}," = ",[62,243,244],{},"Je bois seulement de l'eau.",[114,246,247,241,250,253],{},[62,248,249],{},"Il n'a que trois euros.",[62,251,252],{},"Il a seulement trois euros."," (He has only three euros.)",[58,255,256,257,259,260,262],{},"The two are interchangeable in meaning. ",[62,258,68],{}," is tighter and more idiomatic; ",[62,261,231],{}," is easier to place because it's a single word. Use whichever you can build cleanly under exam pressure.",[85,264,266],{"id":265},"a-quick-recap-plus-jamais-rien-personne","A quick recap: plus, jamais, rien, personne",[58,268,269,270,273],{},"These four are taught in depth on the ",[79,271,272],{"href":81},"core negation page",", so just the headline here:",[275,276,277,290],"table",{},[278,279,280],"thead",{},[281,282,283,287],"tr",{},[284,285,286],"th",{},"Negation",[284,288,289],{},"English",[291,292,293,302,310,318],"tbody",{},[281,294,295,299],{},[296,297,298],"td",{},"ne... plus",[296,300,301],{},"no longer, not any more",[281,303,304,307],{},[296,305,306],{},"ne... jamais",[296,308,309],{},"never",[281,311,312,315],{},[296,313,314],{},"ne... rien",[296,316,317],{},"nothing",[281,319,320,323],{},[296,321,322],{},"ne... personne",[296,324,325],{},"nobody, no one",[111,327,328,334,340,346],{},[114,329,330,333],{},[62,331,332],{},"Je n'habite plus a Paris."," (I no longer live in Paris.)",[114,335,336,339],{},[62,337,338],{},"Elle ne fume jamais."," (She never smokes.)",[114,341,342,345],{},[62,343,344],{},"Je ne vois rien."," (I see nothing.)",[114,347,348,351],{},[62,349,350],{},"Il ne connait personne ici."," (He knows nobody here.)",[58,353,354,355,357,358,176,361,364,365,368],{},"All four take the ",[62,356,175],{}," rule after them, exactly like ",[62,359,360],{},"pas",[62,362,363],{},"je n'ai plus d'argent",", ",[62,366,367],{},"je ne mange jamais de viande","). The new arrivals below are the ones worth dwelling on.",[85,370,372],{"id":371},"ni-ni-neither-nor","ni... ni: \"neither... nor\"",[58,374,375,378,379,382,383,385,386,389],{},[62,376,377],{},"ni... ni"," links two negated items: ",[62,380,381],{},"neither X nor Y",". The ",[62,384,100],{}," still sits before the verb, and a ",[62,387,388],{},"ni"," goes in front of each item.",[111,391,392,398,404],{},[114,393,394,397],{},[62,395,396],{},"Je n'aime ni le cafe ni le the."," (I like neither coffee nor tea.)",[114,399,400,403],{},[62,401,402],{},"Il ne parle ni anglais ni espagnol."," (He speaks neither English nor Spanish.)",[114,405,406,409],{},[62,407,408],{},"Elle n'a ni frere ni soeur."," (She has neither a brother nor a sister.)",[163,411,413],{"id":412},"the-dropped-article","The dropped article",[58,415,416,417,419,420,423,424,364,427,364,430,364,433,364,436,439,440,442,443,445],{},"After ",[62,418,377],{},", the ",[62,421,422],{},"indefinite and partitive articles disappear entirely"," - no ",[62,425,426],{},"un",[62,428,429],{},"une",[62,431,432],{},"des",[62,434,435],{},"du",[62,437,438],{},"de la",". You don't even get the ",[62,441,175],{}," that ",[62,444,360],{}," would leave behind:",[111,447,448,458],{},[114,449,450,453,454,457],{},[62,451,452],{},"J'ai un frere et une soeur."," -> ",[62,455,456],{},"Je n'ai ni frere ni soeur."," (not \"ni un frere ni une soeur\")",[114,459,460,453,463,466],{},[62,461,462],{},"Je bois du cafe et du the.",[62,464,465],{},"Je ne bois ni cafe ni the."," (not \"ni du cafe ni du the\")",[58,468,469,470,473],{},"The ",[62,471,472],{},"definite article and possessives stay",", because they point to specific things:",[111,475,476,481],{},[114,477,478,480],{},[62,479,396],{}," (the definite article survives)",[114,482,483,486],{},[62,484,485],{},"Il n'a vu ni mes parents ni mon frere."," (the possessives survive)",[163,488,490],{"id":489},"verb-agreement-with-ni-ni-subjects","Verb agreement with ni... ni subjects",[58,492,493,494,496,497,500],{},"When ",[62,495,377],{}," joins two subjects, the verb is usually ",[62,498,499],{},"plural",", though singular is tolerated:",[111,502,503,509],{},[114,504,505,508],{},[62,506,507],{},"Ni mon pere ni ma mere ne sont venus."," (Neither my father nor my mother came.)",[114,510,511,514],{},[62,512,513],{},"Ni Paul ni Marie ne le savent."," (Neither Paul nor Marie knows it.)",[58,516,517,518,520,521,523],{},"Note the ",[62,519,100],{}," still appears before the verb even when the ",[62,522,377],{}," sits out in front as the subject.",[85,525,527],{"id":526},"aucune-no-none-not-any","aucun(e): \"no, none, not any\"",[58,529,530,93,533,536,537,176,539,542,543,546],{},[62,531,532],{},"aucun",[62,534,535],{},"no \u002F none \u002F not any",". It pairs with ",[62,538,100],{},[62,540,541],{},"ne... aucun",") and is ",[62,544,545],{},"always singular"," - there is no plural of \"not a single one\".",[163,548,550],{"id":549},"as-an-adjective-aucun-noun","As an adjective (aucun + noun)",[58,552,553,554,556,557,560],{},"It agrees in gender with the noun but stays singular: ",[62,555,532],{}," (masc), ",[62,558,559],{},"aucune"," (fem).",[111,562,563,569,575],{},[114,564,565,568],{},[62,566,567],{},"Je n'ai aucune idee."," (I have no idea.)",[114,570,571,574],{},[62,572,573],{},"Il n'y a aucun probleme."," (There is no problem.)",[114,576,577,580],{},[62,578,579],{},"Elle n'a fait aucun effort."," (She made no effort.)",[163,582,584],{"id":583},"as-a-pronoun-aucun-standing-alone","As a pronoun (aucun standing alone)",[58,586,587,588,590],{},"It can stand in for the noun entirely, often with ",[62,589,175],{}," + a group:",[111,592,593,599,605],{},[114,594,595,598],{},[62,596,597],{},"Aucun de mes amis n'est venu."," (None of my friends came.)",[114,600,601,604],{},[62,602,603],{},"Aucune de ces robes ne me plait."," (None of these dresses appeals to me.)",[114,606,607,610],{},[62,608,609],{},"- Tu as des questions? - Aucune."," (Any questions? None.)",[58,612,493,613,615,616,618,619,622],{},[62,614,532],{}," leads as the subject, the ",[62,617,100],{}," stays before the verb: ",[62,620,621],{},"aucun n'a repondu"," (none answered).",[85,624,626],{"id":625},"nulle-part-nowhere","nulle part: \"nowhere\"",[58,628,629,632,633,635],{},[62,630,631],{},"nulle part"," is the negative of \"somewhere \u002F anywhere\". It pairs with ",[62,634,100],{}," and is invariable.",[111,637,638,644,650],{},[114,639,640,643],{},[62,641,642],{},"Je ne vais nulle part."," (I'm not going anywhere.)",[114,645,646,649],{},[62,647,648],{},"On ne le trouve nulle part."," (You can't find it anywhere.)",[114,651,652,655],{},[62,653,654],{},"Je ne l'ai vu nulle part."," (I didn't see it anywhere.)",[58,657,658,659,662,663,665],{},"It's the negative partner of ",[62,660,661],{},"quelque part"," (somewhere). Like the noun-like negatives, it trails the past participle in the ",[62,664,72],{}," (see below).",[85,667,669],{"id":668},"position-in-the-passe-compose","Position in the passe compose",[58,671,672,673,676,677,679,680,683],{},"Here the second tier splits in two. Some negatives slot ",[62,674,675],{},"between the auxiliary and the past participle",", exactly like ",[62,678,360],{},". Others land ",[62,681,682],{},"after the past participle",".",[58,685,686,689],{},[62,687,688],{},"Before the participle"," (the adverb-like ones, same as pas):",[111,691,692,702,708],{},[114,693,694,697,698,701],{},[62,695,696],{},"Je n'ai plus faim."," -> compound: ",[62,699,700],{},"Je n'ai plus mange."," (I didn't eat any more.)",[114,703,704,707],{},[62,705,706],{},"Je n'ai jamais vu ce film."," (I have never seen this film.)",[114,709,710,713],{},[62,711,712],{},"Je n'ai rien dit."," (I said nothing.)",[58,715,716,719],{},[62,717,718],{},"After the participle"," (the noun-like ones):",[111,721,722,728,734,740],{},[114,723,724,727],{},[62,725,726],{},"Je n'ai vu personne."," (I saw nobody.)",[114,729,730,733],{},[62,731,732],{},"Je n'ai bu que de l'eau."," (I drank only water.)",[114,735,736,739],{},[62,737,738],{},"Je n'ai vu aucun film."," (I saw no film.)",[114,741,742,745],{},[62,743,744],{},"Je ne suis alle nulle part."," (I went nowhere.)",[275,747,748,761],{},[278,749,750],{},[281,751,752,755,758],{},[284,753,754],{},"Negative",[284,756,757],{},"Passe compose slot",[284,759,760],{},"Example",[291,762,763,773,782,791,801,810,819],{},[281,764,765,767,770],{},[296,766,298],{},[296,768,769],{},"before the participle",[296,771,772],{},"je n'ai plus mange",[281,774,775,777,779],{},[296,776,306],{},[296,778,769],{},[296,780,781],{},"je n'ai jamais vu",[281,783,784,786,788],{},[296,785,314],{},[296,787,769],{},[296,789,790],{},"je n'ai rien dit",[281,792,793,795,798],{},[296,794,322],{},[296,796,797],{},"after the participle",[296,799,800],{},"je n'ai vu personne",[281,802,803,805,807],{},[296,804,68],{},[296,806,797],{},[296,808,809],{},"je n'ai bu que de l'eau",[281,811,812,814,816],{},[296,813,541],{},[296,815,797],{},[296,817,818],{},"je n'ai vu aucun film",[281,820,821,824,826],{},[296,822,823],{},"ne... nulle part",[296,825,797],{},[296,827,828],{},"je ne suis alle nulle part",[58,830,831,832,835,836,839,840,842],{},"The logic: ",[62,833,834],{},"pas, plus, jamais, rien"," behave like short adverbs and tuck inside; ",[62,837,838],{},"personne, que + noun, aucun, nulle part"," behave like objects or place complements and follow the verb's full form. The ",[62,841,100],{}," is always before the auxiliary either way.",[85,844,846],{"id":845},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[111,848,849,855,861,867,873,879,885,891],{},[114,850,851,854],{},[62,852,853],{},"Je ne bois que de l'eau le matin."," (I only drink water in the morning.)",[114,856,857,860],{},[62,858,859],{},"Elle n'a ni telephone ni ordinateur."," (She has neither a phone nor a computer.)",[114,862,863,866],{},[62,864,865],{},"Il n'y a aucune raison de s'inquieter."," (There is no reason to worry.)",[114,868,869,872],{},[62,870,871],{},"Aucun de ces livres ne m'interesse."," (None of these books interests me.)",[114,874,875,878],{},[62,876,877],{},"Je n'ai vu personne a la fete."," (I saw nobody at the party.)",[114,880,881,884],{},[62,882,883],{},"On ne l'a trouve nulle part."," (We didn't find it anywhere.)",[114,886,887,890],{},[62,888,889],{},"Je n'ai mange que du pain et du fromage."," (I ate only bread and cheese.)",[114,892,893,896],{},[62,894,895],{},"Ni lui ni elle ne parlent francais."," (Neither he nor she speaks French.)",[85,898,900],{"id":899},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[58,902,903,904,906,907,910,911,914,915,917,918,910,921,924,925,927,928,931,932,935,936,939,940,943,944,946,947,910,950,952,953,910,956,958,959,961,962,910,965,683],{},"Treating ",[62,905,68],{}," as a real negative and collapsing the article: ",[62,908,909],{},"je ne bois que d'eau"," is wrong, it's ",[62,912,913],{},"je ne bois que de l'eau"," - the de rule does not apply to \"only\". Leaving the articles in after ",[62,916,377],{},": ",[62,919,920],{},"je n'ai ni un frere ni une soeur",[62,922,923],{},"je n'ai ni frere ni soeur",". Pluralising ",[62,926,532],{},": there is no ",[62,929,930],{},"aucuns"," for ordinary use - it stays singular, ",[62,933,934],{},"aucune idee",", not ",[62,937,938],{},"aucunes idees",". Putting ",[62,941,942],{},"personne"," or ",[62,945,108],{}," before the past participle on the pas pattern: ",[62,948,949],{},"je n'ai personne vu",[62,951,800],{},"; ",[62,954,955],{},"je n'ai que bu de l'eau",[62,957,809],{},". And forgetting the ",[62,960,100],{}," when a negative word leads as subject: ",[62,963,964],{},"aucun a repondu",[62,966,621],{},[85,968,970],{"id":969},"see-also","See also",[111,972,973,979,986],{},[114,974,469,975,978],{},[79,976,977],{"href":81},"core French negation page"," covers ne... pas, jamais, rien, personne, the article-becomes-de rule, and the colloquial ne-drop.",[114,980,469,981,985],{},[79,982,984],{"href":983},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Farticles","French articles page"," covers the indefinite and partitive articles that ni... ni strips out and the de rule that ne... que ignores.",[114,987,469,988,992],{},[79,989,991],{"href":990},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar","French grammar cheatsheet"," covers the wider A1-B2 grammar map.",{"title":994,"searchDepth":995,"depth":995,"links":996},"",2,[997,1002,1003,1007,1011,1012,1013,1014,1015],{"id":87,"depth":995,"text":88,"children":998},[999,1001],{"id":165,"depth":1000,"text":166},3,{"id":225,"depth":1000,"text":226},{"id":265,"depth":995,"text":266},{"id":371,"depth":995,"text":372,"children":1004},[1005,1006],{"id":412,"depth":1000,"text":413},{"id":489,"depth":1000,"text":490},{"id":526,"depth":995,"text":527,"children":1008},[1009,1010],{"id":549,"depth":1000,"text":550},{"id":583,"depth":1000,"text":584},{"id":625,"depth":995,"text":626},{"id":668,"depth":995,"text":669},{"id":845,"depth":995,"text":846},{"id":899,"depth":995,"text":900},{"id":969,"depth":995,"text":970},"B1-B2","The negatives past ne... pas: ne... que for 'only' (and why it isn't really a negative), ni... ni for 'neither... nor' with its dropped articles, aucun(e) for 'not any', nulle part for 'nowhere', and where each piece lands in the passe compose.","md",[1020,1023,1026],{"q":1021,"a":1022},"Is ne... que a real negation in French?","No, and that's the catch. ne... que means 'only', a restriction, not a negative. Je ne bois que de l'eau means 'I drink only water', not 'I don't drink water'. Because it isn't a true negative, the article-becomes-de rule does not apply: you keep de l'eau, du cafe, des amis intact, whereas after ne... pas they would all collapse to de. The que sits directly in front of the thing being restricted, which can be anywhere after the verb, so moving the que moves the meaning: il ne mange que le soir (he only eats in the evening) versus il ne mange que des legumes (he eats only vegetables).",{"q":1024,"a":1025},"What happens to the articles after ni... ni in French?","The indefinite and partitive articles (un, une, des, du, de la) drop out completely after ni... ni. Je n'ai ni frere ni soeur (I have neither a brother nor a sister), not ni un frere ni une soeur. Je ne bois ni cafe ni the (I drink neither coffee nor tea), with no du. The definite article (le, la, les) and possessives do stay, because they point to something specific: je n'aime ni le cafe ni le the (I like neither coffee nor tea). The ne still sits before the verb in every case.",{"q":1027,"a":1028},"Where does ne... personne and ne... que go in the passe compose?","After the past participle, not between the auxiliary and participle. This is the opposite of pas, jamais and rien, which slot in before the participle. So you get je n'ai vu personne (I saw nobody) and je n'ai bu que de l'eau (I drank only water), with personne and que de l'eau trailing the participle. The same goes for aucun as an object (je n'ai vu aucun film) and for nulle part (je ne suis alle nulle part). The rule of thumb: the short adverb-like negatives (pas, plus, jamais, rien) go inside; the noun-like ones (personne, aucun, que + noun, nulle part) go after.","higher","Once ne... pas is solid, French opens up a second tier of negatives that behave less tidily. ne... que means 'only' and is not a negation at all - the que clamps onto whatever it restricts, and it can take a following de. ni... ni is 'neither... nor', and it strips the indefinite and partitive articles off the nouns it joins. aucun(e) means 'not any \u002F none', stays singular, and works as both adjective and pronoun. nulle part is 'nowhere'. The sting in the tail is the passe compose: ne... que and ne... personne push their second element after the past participle, unlike pas. This page covers all of them, with the word order spelled out.","french",{},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation-advanced",{"title":47,"description":1017},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation-advanced","lAdM40873gcIN5DZG8SzSGxJOD_KBWfi9tqrUvW-luI",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1039},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1041},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1043},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1045},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",1]