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stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":490,"date":35,"description":491,"extension":492,"faqs":493,"gcseTier":500,"intro":501,"language":502,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":503,"navigation":504,"path":505,"seo":506,"stem":507,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":508},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation.md","French Negation: ne... pas, jamais, rien, personne and the Colloquial ne-Drop",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":478},"minimark",[39,44,57,88,93,145,156,182,186,197,223,226,230,240,275,282,292,296,310,330,333,337,343,369,372,376,414,418,449,453],[40,41,43],"h1",{"id":42},"french-negation","French Negation",[45,46,47,48,52,53,56],"p",{},"To negate a French sentence, wrap two words around the verb: ",[49,50,51],"strong",{},"ne"," goes before, the negative word (",[49,54,55],{},"pas, jamais, rien, personne",") goes after. The verb form itself doesn't change.",[58,59,60,70,79],"ul",{},[61,62,63,66,67],"li",{},[49,64,65],{},"Je parle francais."," (I speak French.) -> ",[49,68,69],{},"Je ne parle pas francais.",[61,71,72,75,76],{},[49,73,74],{},"J'ai du temps."," (I have time.) -> ",[49,77,78],{},"Je n'ai pas de temps.",[61,80,81,84,85],{},[49,82,83],{},"Marie est venue."," (Marie came.) -> ",[49,86,87],{},"Marie n'est pas venue.",[89,90,92],"h2",{"id":91},"the-four-foundation-tier-pairs","The four Foundation-tier pairs",[94,95,96,109],"table",{},[97,98,99],"thead",{},[100,101,102,106],"tr",{},[103,104,105],"th",{},"Negation",[103,107,108],{},"English",[110,111,112,121,129,137],"tbody",{},[100,113,114,118],{},[115,116,117],"td",{},"ne... pas",[115,119,120],{},"not",[100,122,123,126],{},[115,124,125],{},"ne... jamais",[115,127,128],{},"never",[100,130,131,134],{},[115,132,133],{},"ne... rien",[115,135,136],{},"nothing",[100,138,139,142],{},[115,140,141],{},"ne... personne",[115,143,144],{},"nobody, no one",[45,146,147,148,151,152,155],{},"The structure is always the same. ",[49,149,150],{},"Ne"," (or ",[49,153,154],{},"n'"," before a vowel) goes before the verb; the second word goes after.",[58,157,158,164,170,176],{},[61,159,160,163],{},[49,161,162],{},"Je ne mange pas."," (I don't eat.)",[61,165,166,169],{},[49,167,168],{},"Je ne mange jamais de viande."," (I never eat meat.)",[61,171,172,175],{},[49,173,174],{},"Je ne mange rien."," (I eat nothing.)",[61,177,178,181],{},[49,179,180],{},"Je ne vois personne."," (I see no one.)",[89,183,185],{"id":184},"position-in-the-compound-past","Position in the compound past",[45,187,188,189,192,193,196],{},"In compound tenses (passe compose), ",[49,190,191],{},"pas, jamais, rien"," sit between the auxiliary and the past participle. ",[49,194,195],{},"Personne"," sits after the participle.",[58,198,199,205,211,217],{},[61,200,201,204],{},[49,202,203],{},"Je n'ai pas mange."," (I didn't eat.)",[61,206,207,210],{},[49,208,209],{},"Je n'ai jamais vu ce film."," (I've never seen this film.)",[61,212,213,216],{},[49,214,215],{},"Je n'ai rien dit."," (I didn't say anything.)",[61,218,219,222],{},[49,220,221],{},"Je n'ai vu personne."," (I saw no one.)",[45,224,225],{},"The personne exception catches everyone - it stays at the end because it functions as the direct object, not a sentence-level negator.",[89,227,229],{"id":228},"the-article-becomes-de-rule","The article-becomes-de rule",[45,231,232,233,151,236,239],{},"After a negative verb, indefinite and partitive articles collapse to plain ",[49,234,235],{},"de",[49,237,238],{},"d'"," before a vowel). This is mandatory.",[58,241,242,251,259,267],{},[61,243,244,247,248],{},[49,245,246],{},"J'ai un chien."," -> ",[49,249,250],{},"Je n'ai pas de chien.",[61,252,253,247,256],{},[49,254,255],{},"Je mange du pain.",[49,257,258],{},"Je ne mange pas de pain.",[61,260,261,247,264],{},[49,262,263],{},"Il a des amis.",[49,265,266],{},"Il n'a pas d'amis.",[61,268,269,247,272],{},[49,270,271],{},"J'achete de la viande.",[49,273,274],{},"Je n'achete pas de viande.",[45,276,277,278,281],{},"The definite article (",[49,279,280],{},"le, la, les",") does not change - it still points to a specific thing:",[58,283,284],{},[61,285,286,247,289],{},[49,287,288],{},"Je vois le chien.",[49,290,291],{},"Je ne vois pas le chien.",[89,293,295],{"id":294},"negative-words-as-subjects","Negative words as subjects",[45,297,298,299,302,303,306,307,309],{},"When ",[49,300,301],{},"rien"," or ",[49,304,305],{},"personne"," is the subject, it goes before the verb and ",[49,308,51],{}," still appears:",[58,311,312,318,324],{},[61,313,314,317],{},[49,315,316],{},"Personne ne parle."," (No one is speaking.)",[61,319,320,323],{},[49,321,322],{},"Rien ne marche."," (Nothing works.)",[61,325,326,329],{},[49,327,328],{},"Personne n'est venu."," (No one came.)",[45,331,332],{},"This is the only word order where the negative word leads.",[89,334,336],{"id":335},"the-colloquial-ne-drop","The colloquial ne-drop",[45,338,339,340,342],{},"In casual spoken French, the ",[49,341,51],{}," disappears constantly. You'll hear all of these in real conversation:",[58,344,345,351,357,363],{},[61,346,347,350],{},[49,348,349],{},"Je sais pas."," (I don't know.) - standard form: je ne sais pas",[61,352,353,356],{},[49,354,355],{},"C'est pas grave."," (It doesn't matter.) - standard: ce n'est pas grave",[61,358,359,362],{},[49,360,361],{},"J'ai rien fait."," (I didn't do anything.) - standard: je n'ai rien fait",[61,364,365,368],{},[49,366,367],{},"T'as pas faim?"," (Aren't you hungry?) - standard: tu n'as pas faim",[45,370,371],{},"The drop is universal in informal speech. It's wrong in writing, in school essays, in formal speech, and on the GCSE exam. Recognise it; don't produce it until you've heard a few thousand hours of native input.",[89,373,375],{"id":374},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[58,377,378,384,390,396,402,408],{},[61,379,380,383],{},[49,381,382],{},"Je ne veux rien."," (I don't want anything.)",[61,385,386,389],{},[49,387,388],{},"Je n'ai jamais ete a Paris."," (I have never been to Paris.)",[61,391,392,395],{},[49,393,394],{},"Je ne connais personne ici."," (I don't know anyone here.)",[61,397,398,401],{},[49,399,400],{},"Il n'y a pas de probleme."," (There's no problem.)",[61,403,404,407],{},[49,405,406],{},"Je n'ai pas d'argent."," (I don't have any money.)",[61,409,410,413],{},[49,411,412],{},"Personne ne sait."," (No one knows.)",[89,415,417],{"id":416},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[45,419,420,421,423,424,427,428,431,432,435,436,302,438,440,441,444,445,448],{},"Forgetting the ",[49,422,51],{},": writing ",[49,425,426],{},"je sais pas"," in an essay because that's what you hear in films. The drop is colloquial only. Forgetting the article-becomes-de rule: ",[49,429,430],{},"je n'ai pas un chien"," is wrong, it's ",[49,433,434],{},"je n'ai pas de chien",". And translating \"anything\" or \"anyone\" in positive sentences with ",[49,437,301],{},[49,439,305],{}," - they only work in negative contexts. For \"is anyone here?\", you say ",[49,442,443],{},"il y a quelqu'un?",", not ",[49,446,447],{},"il y a personne?",".",[89,450,452],{"id":451},"see-also","See also",[58,454,455,464,471],{},[61,456,457,458,463],{},"The ",[459,460,462],"a",{"href":461},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Farticles","French articles page"," covers the negation-to-de rule in detail.",[61,465,457,466,470],{},[459,467,469],{"href":468},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcheatsheet","French grammar cheatsheet"," covers the wider A1-B1 foundation.",[61,472,457,473,477],{},[459,474,476],{"href":475},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate French grammar"," page covers ne... plus, ne... que, and the other negative pairs.",{"title":479,"searchDepth":480,"depth":480,"links":481},"",2,[482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489],{"id":91,"depth":480,"text":92},{"id":184,"depth":480,"text":185},{"id":228,"depth":480,"text":229},{"id":294,"depth":480,"text":295},{"id":335,"depth":480,"text":336},{"id":374,"depth":480,"text":375},{"id":416,"depth":480,"text":417},{"id":451,"depth":480,"text":452},"A1-A2","French negation wraps two words around the verb: ne before, the negative word after. The four core pairs, the article-becomes-de rule, and why spoken French routinely drops the ne.","md",[494,497],{"q":495,"a":496},"What happens to articles after ne... pas in French?","Indefinite and partitive articles collapse to plain de (or d' before a vowel) after a negative verb. 'J'ai un chien' becomes 'je n'ai pas de chien'; 'je mange du pain' becomes 'je ne mange pas de pain'; 'il a des amis' becomes 'il n'a pas d'amis'. The definite article (le, la, les) does not change, because it still points to a specific thing: 'je ne vois pas le chien'.",{"q":498,"a":499},"Why do French speakers drop the ne in conversation?","In casual spoken French the ne disappears constantly - 'je sais pas' instead of 'je ne sais pas', 'c'est pas grave' instead of 'ce n'est pas grave', 'j'ai rien fait' instead of 'je n'ai rien fait'. It's universal in informal speech but stays in writing and in formal contexts. For learners: keep the ne in until your ear catches up to which registers tolerate the drop, then let it go where it fits.","foundation","French negation has a clean shape: ne goes before the verb, the negative word (pas, jamais, rien, personne) goes after. This page covers the four core negative pairs, the rule that collapses every indefinite or partitive article to plain de after a negative, and the colloquial habit of dropping the ne entirely in speech.","french",{},true,"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation",{"title":34,"description":491},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation","LL3DP5oVgYhjpFRa1YPC2sjjj8EgLIUVM9ikG6fFBqY",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":511},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":513},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":515},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":517},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":519},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":521},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":523},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":525,"hidden":504},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1781531943746]