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stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":632,"date":35,"description":633,"extension":634,"faqs":635,"gcseTier":642,"intro":643,"language":644,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":645,"navigation":646,"path":647,"seo":648,"stem":649,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":650},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fobject-pronouns.md","French Object Pronouns: me, te, le, la, lui, nous, vous, leur and the Preverbal Position",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":619},"minimark",[39,44,53,58,153,164,168,175,207,217,221,227,253,256,276,279,299,303,310,336,343,347,350,408,420,452,462,466,481,501,507,521,525,563,567,591,595],[40,41,43],"h1",{"id":42},"french-object-pronouns","French Object Pronouns",[45,46,47,48,52],"p",{},"French object pronouns sit ",[49,50,51],"strong",{},"before the verb"," and replace nouns to avoid repetition. The pronouns are short, the position is rigid, and the main learning task is choosing direct vs indirect.",[54,55,57],"h2",{"id":56},"the-pronouns","The pronouns",[59,60,61,77],"table",{},[62,63,64],"thead",{},[65,66,67,71,74],"tr",{},[68,69,70],"th",{},"Person",[68,72,73],{},"Direct",[68,75,76],{},"Indirect",[78,79,80,91,101,112,122,132,142],"tbody",{},[65,81,82,86,89],{},[83,84,85],"td",{},"je (me)",[83,87,88],{},"me",[83,90,88],{},[65,92,93,96,99],{},[83,94,95],{},"tu (you, sg)",[83,97,98],{},"te",[83,100,98],{},[65,102,103,106,109],{},[83,104,105],{},"il (him \u002F it - masc)",[83,107,108],{},"le",[83,110,111],{},"lui",[65,113,114,117,120],{},[83,115,116],{},"elle (her \u002F it - fem)",[83,118,119],{},"la",[83,121,111],{},[65,123,124,127,130],{},[83,125,126],{},"nous (us)",[83,128,129],{},"nous",[83,131,129],{},[65,133,134,137,140],{},[83,135,136],{},"vous (you, formal \u002F pl)",[83,138,139],{},"vous",[83,141,139],{},[65,143,144,147,150],{},[83,145,146],{},"ils \u002F elles (them)",[83,148,149],{},"les",[83,151,152],{},"leur",[45,154,155,156,159,160,163],{},"The first and second persons (me, te, nous, vous) are identical for direct and indirect. The third person splits: ",[49,157,158],{},"le \u002F la \u002F les"," for direct, ",[49,161,162],{},"lui \u002F leur"," for indirect.",[54,165,167],{"id":166},"direct-vs-indirect-which-one-does-the-verb-want","Direct vs indirect: which one does the verb want?",[45,169,170,171,174],{},"The verb decides. Most verbs take a direct object (no preposition): voir quelqu'un, aimer quelqu'un, attendre quelqu'un. A small but important set takes an indirect object via the preposition ",[49,172,173],{},"a",": parler a quelqu'un, donner a quelqu'un, dire a quelqu'un, telephoner a quelqu'un.",[176,177,178,189,198],"ul",{},[179,180,181,184,185,188],"li",{},[49,182,183],{},"Je vois Marie."," -> ",[49,186,187],{},"Je la vois."," (direct - voir takes a direct object)",[179,190,191,184,194,197],{},[49,192,193],{},"Je parle a Marie.",[49,195,196],{},"Je lui parle."," (indirect - parler takes a, so a Marie becomes lui)",[179,199,200,184,203,206],{},[49,201,202],{},"Je donne le livre a Marie.",[49,204,205],{},"Je lui donne le livre."," (indirect - the recipient becomes lui)",[45,208,209,210,212,213,216],{},"Common verbs that take indirect objects (the ",[49,211,173],{}," verbs): ",[49,214,215],{},"parler, dire, donner, telephoner, repondre, ecrire, demander, montrer, offrir, envoyer",".",[54,218,220],{"id":219},"preverbal-position","Preverbal position",[45,222,223,224,216],{},"The pronoun goes ",[49,225,226],{},"before the conjugated verb",[176,228,229,235,241,247],{},[179,230,231,234],{},[49,232,233],{},"Je le vois."," (I see him.)",[179,236,237,240],{},[49,238,239],{},"Tu lui parles."," (You're speaking to him \u002F her.)",[179,242,243,246],{},[49,244,245],{},"Elle nous attend."," (She's waiting for us.)",[179,248,249,252],{},[49,250,251],{},"Nous les aimons."," (We love them.)",[45,254,255],{},"In compound tenses (passe compose), the pronoun goes before the auxiliary, not the participle:",[176,257,258,264,270],{},[179,259,260,263],{},[49,261,262],{},"Je l'ai vu."," (I saw him.) - not \"j'ai le vu\"",[179,265,266,269],{},[49,267,268],{},"Tu lui as parle."," (You spoke to him.)",[179,271,272,275],{},[49,273,274],{},"Nous les avons attendus."," (We waited for them.)",[45,277,278],{},"With an infinitive after a conjugated verb (modal, futur proche), the pronoun attaches to the infinitive:",[176,280,281,287,293],{},[179,282,283,286],{},[49,284,285],{},"Je vais le voir demain."," (I'm going to see him tomorrow.)",[179,288,289,292],{},[49,290,291],{},"Tu peux lui parler?"," (Can you speak to him?)",[179,294,295,298],{},[49,296,297],{},"Elle doit nous attendre."," (She has to wait for us.)",[54,300,302],{"id":301},"the-m-t-l-elision","The m' \u002F t' \u002F l' elision",[45,304,305,306,309],{},"Before a verb starting with a vowel or silent h, ",[49,307,308],{},"me \u002F te \u002F le \u002F la \u002F se"," drop the vowel and contract:",[176,311,312,318,324,330],{},[179,313,314,317],{},[49,315,316],{},"Je t'aime."," (I love you.) - not \"je te aime\"",[179,319,320,323],{},[49,321,322],{},"Il m'a vu."," (He saw me.) - not \"il me a vu\"",[179,325,326,329],{},[49,327,328],{},"Je l'attends."," (I'm waiting for him \u002F her.)",[179,331,332,335],{},[49,333,334],{},"Nous l'avons trouve."," (We found him \u002F it.)",[45,337,338,339,342],{},"The elision is mandatory. ",[49,340,341],{},"Lui, nous, vous, leur, les"," never elide because they don't end in a vowel.",[54,344,346],{"id":345},"pronoun-order-when-two-stack","Pronoun order when two stack",[45,348,349],{},"When two pronouns appear together (direct + indirect, e.g. \"I give it to him\"), the order is fixed. The Foundation-tier sequence:",[59,351,352,365],{},[62,353,354],{},[65,355,356,359,362],{},[68,357,358],{},"1st",[68,360,361],{},"2nd",[68,363,364],{},"3rd",[78,366,367,375,383,391,399],{},[65,368,369,371,373],{},[83,370,88],{},[83,372,108],{},[83,374,111],{},[65,376,377,379,381],{},[83,378,98],{},[83,380,119],{},[83,382,152],{},[65,384,385,387,389],{},[83,386,129],{},[83,388,149],{},[83,390],{},[65,392,393,395,397],{},[83,394,139],{},[83,396],{},[83,398],{},[65,400,401,404,406],{},[83,402,403],{},"se",[83,405],{},[83,407],{},[45,409,410,411,414,415,417,418,216],{},"Rule of thumb: ",[49,412,413],{},"me \u002F te \u002F nous \u002F vous"," come before ",[49,416,158],{},", which come before ",[49,419,162],{},[176,421,422,428,434,440,446],{},[179,423,424,427],{},[49,425,426],{},"Il me le donne."," (He gives it to me.)",[179,429,430,433],{},[49,431,432],{},"Je te les envoie."," (I'm sending them to you.)",[179,435,436,439],{},[49,437,438],{},"Elle nous l'a dit."," (She told it to us.)",[179,441,442,445],{},[49,443,444],{},"Je le lui donne."," (I give it to him.) - the direct precedes the indirect when both are 3rd person",[179,447,448,451],{},[49,449,450],{},"Nous les leur envoyons."," (We send them to them.)",[45,453,454,455,458,459,216],{},"The classic crash point is the third-person + third-person case: ",[49,456,457],{},"le lui",", not ",[49,460,461],{},"lui le",[54,463,465],{"id":464},"imperatives-the-exception","Imperatives: the exception",[45,467,468,469,472,473,476,477,480],{},"With ",[49,470,471],{},"affirmative"," commands, pronouns attach to the verb with hyphens, and ",[49,474,475],{},"me \u002F te"," become ",[49,478,479],{},"moi \u002F toi",":",[176,482,483,489,495],{},[179,484,485,488],{},[49,486,487],{},"Donne-moi le livre."," (Give me the book.)",[179,490,491,494],{},[49,492,493],{},"Dis-le-moi."," (Tell it to me.)",[179,496,497,500],{},[49,498,499],{},"Parlez-lui."," (Speak to him.)",[45,502,468,503,506],{},[49,504,505],{},"negative"," commands, pronouns return to their normal preverbal position:",[176,508,509,515],{},[179,510,511,514],{},[49,512,513],{},"Ne me le donne pas."," (Don't give it to me.)",[179,516,517,520],{},[49,518,519],{},"Ne lui parle pas."," (Don't speak to him.)",[54,522,524],{"id":523},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[176,526,527,533,539,545,551,557],{},[179,528,529,532],{},[49,530,531],{},"Je l'ai rencontre hier."," (I met him yesterday.)",[179,534,535,538],{},[49,536,537],{},"Tu m'as appele?"," (Did you call me?)",[179,540,541,544],{},[49,542,543],{},"Nous lui avons donne un cadeau."," (We gave him a present.)",[179,546,547,550],{},[49,548,549],{},"Je vais te le montrer."," (I'm going to show it to you.)",[179,552,553,556],{},[49,554,555],{},"Elle ne nous a pas vus."," (She didn't see us.)",[179,558,559,562],{},[49,560,561],{},"Donne-le-leur tout de suite."," (Give it to them right now.)",[54,564,566],{"id":565},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[45,568,569,570,573,574,577,578,581,582,584,585,573,588,216],{},"Putting the pronoun after the verb because that's where English puts it: ",[49,571,572],{},"je vois le"," is wrong, it's ",[49,575,576],{},"je le vois",". Mixing direct and indirect: writing ",[49,579,580],{},"je lui vois"," because \"I see him\" sounds like a person-receiver verb to the English ear, when actually voir takes a direct object and the right form is ",[49,583,576],{},". And forgetting the elision: ",[49,586,587],{},"je te aime",[49,589,590],{},"je t'aime",[54,592,594],{"id":593},"see-also","See also",[176,596,597,605,612],{},[179,598,599,600,604],{},"The ",[173,601,603],{"href":602},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcheatsheet","French grammar cheatsheet"," covers the wider A1-B1 foundation.",[179,606,599,607,611],{},[173,608,610],{"href":609},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fimperative","imperative page"," covers pronoun attachment with commands.",[179,613,599,614,618],{},[173,615,617],{"href":616},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate French grammar"," page covers the Higher-tier pronouns y (replacing a + place) and en (replacing de + noun).",{"title":620,"searchDepth":621,"depth":621,"links":622},"",2,[623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631],{"id":56,"depth":621,"text":57},{"id":166,"depth":621,"text":167},{"id":219,"depth":621,"text":220},{"id":301,"depth":621,"text":302},{"id":345,"depth":621,"text":346},{"id":464,"depth":621,"text":465},{"id":523,"depth":621,"text":524},{"id":565,"depth":621,"text":566},{"id":593,"depth":621,"text":594},"A2-B1","French direct (me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les) and indirect (me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur) object pronouns. Preverbal position, the m' \u002F t' \u002F l' elision, and the order when two stack.","md",[636,639],{"q":637,"a":638},"What is the difference between direct and indirect object pronouns in French?","Direct object pronouns replace the noun that receives the action directly - 'I see HIM' uses le, 'I see HER' uses la. Indirect object pronouns replace the noun introduced by a preposition (usually a) - 'I speak TO HIM' uses lui, 'I speak TO HER' also uses lui. The third-person pronouns split (le \u002F la for direct, lui for indirect); the others (me, te, nous, vous) are the same in both functions. The split matters because the verb decides which one - parler prend a (parler a quelqu'un), so it triggers lui, not le.",{"q":640,"a":641},"Where do French object pronouns go in a sentence?","Before the conjugated verb, always. 'Je le vois' (I see him), 'tu lui parles' (you talk to him), 'elle nous attend' (she's waiting for us). When there's an infinitive after a conjugated verb, the pronoun attaches to the infinitive: 'je vais le voir' (I'm going to see him). In compound tenses (passe compose), the pronoun goes before the auxiliary: 'je l'ai vu' (I saw him). The only exception is affirmative imperatives, where the pronoun comes after with a hyphen: 'donne-le-moi'.","foundation","French object pronouns sit before the verb, not after - the opposite of English. The pronouns themselves are short, the position is rigid, and the only real puzzle is which one to use (direct vs indirect) and the order when two stack. This page covers all that at Foundation tier and flags the y \u002F en pronouns as Higher-tier.","french",{},true,"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fobject-pronouns",{"title":34,"description":633},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fobject-pronouns","HypGHia0HexGKaZh1DUcA0suXKg245Wko5jGb9WHw-U",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":653},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":655},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":657},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":659},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":661},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":663},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":665},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":667,"hidden":646},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1781531943746]