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0z\"\u002F>",true,{"id":46,"title":47,"author":48,"body":49,"cefrLevel":787,"date":48,"description":788,"extension":789,"faqs":790,"gcseTier":800,"intro":801,"language":802,"lastUpdated":48,"meta":803,"navigation":44,"path":804,"seo":805,"stem":806,"verbSlugs":48,"__hash__":807},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpossessive-pronouns.md","French Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien, le notre, le votre, le leur",null,{"type":50,"value":51,"toc":775},"minimark",[52,57,78,83,98,245,248,294,298,308,322,345,369,380,384,401,421,424,438,452,456,482,521,539,543,562,576,592,612,623,631,645,649,693,697,744,748],[53,54,56],"h1",{"id":55},"french-possessive-pronouns","French Possessive Pronouns",[58,59,60,61,65,66,69,70,73,74,77],"p",{},"Possessive pronouns are how French says ",[62,63,64],"strong",{},"mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs"," in one word. Where the possessive adjective sits in front of a noun (",[62,67,68],{},"ma voiture",", my car), the pronoun swallows the whole phrase: ",[62,71,72],{},"c'est la mienne"," (it's mine). They carry a definite article, they come in four forms each, and the rule that catches every English speaker is that they agree with the ",[62,75,76],{},"thing possessed",", not with the owner.",[79,80,82],"h2",{"id":81},"the-full-table","The full table",[58,84,85,86,89,90,93,94,97],{},"Every form is ",[62,87,88],{},"definite article + possessive word",", and both pieces agree with the noun being replaced. The article is what makes the difference between, say, ",[62,91,92],{},"le mien"," and ",[62,95,96],{},"la mienne",".",[99,100,101,126],"table",{},[102,103,104],"thead",{},[105,106,107,111,114,117,120,123],"tr",{},[108,109,110],"th",{},"Owner",[108,112,113],{},"masc sg",[108,115,116],{},"fem sg",[108,118,119],{},"masc pl",[108,121,122],{},"fem pl",[108,124,125],{},"English",[127,128,129,148,168,188,207,226],"tbody",{},[105,130,131,135,137,139,142,145],{},[132,133,134],"td",{},"je (mine)",[132,136,92],{},[132,138,96],{},[132,140,141],{},"les miens",[132,143,144],{},"les miennes",[132,146,147],{},"mine",[105,149,150,153,156,159,162,165],{},[132,151,152],{},"tu (yours)",[132,154,155],{},"le tien",[132,157,158],{},"la tienne",[132,160,161],{},"les tiens",[132,163,164],{},"les tiennes",[132,166,167],{},"yours (sg)",[105,169,170,173,176,179,182,185],{},[132,171,172],{},"il \u002F elle (his)",[132,174,175],{},"le sien",[132,177,178],{},"la sienne",[132,180,181],{},"les siens",[132,183,184],{},"les siennes",[132,186,187],{},"his \u002F hers",[105,189,190,193,196,199,202,204],{},[132,191,192],{},"nous (ours)",[132,194,195],{},"le notre",[132,197,198],{},"la notre",[132,200,201],{},"les notres",[132,203,201],{},[132,205,206],{},"ours",[105,208,209,212,215,218,221,223],{},[132,210,211],{},"vous (yours)",[132,213,214],{},"le votre",[132,216,217],{},"la votre",[132,219,220],{},"les votres",[132,222,220],{},[132,224,225],{},"yours (pl)",[105,227,228,231,234,237,240,242],{},[132,229,230],{},"ils \u002F elles",[132,232,233],{},"le leur",[132,235,236],{},"la leur",[132,238,239],{},"les leurs",[132,241,239],{},[132,243,244],{},"theirs",[58,246,247],{},"A few things to read off the table:",[249,250,251,266,278],"ul",{},[252,253,254,257,258,261,262,265],"li",{},[62,255,256],{},"le notre \u002F le votre"," carry a ",[62,259,260],{},"circumflex"," and have only one plural form (",[62,263,264],{},"les notres \u002F les votres","), with no separate masculine and feminine plural.",[252,267,268,271,272,274,275,277],{},[62,269,270],{},"le leur \u002F la leur"," has no separate masculine and feminine singular - just ",[62,273,270],{}," - and the plural is ",[62,276,239],{}," for both genders.",[252,279,280,282,283,286,287,93,290,293],{},[62,281,175],{}," does double duty for ",[62,284,285],{},"his",", ",[62,288,289],{},"hers",[62,291,292],{},"its","; the form tells you the gender of the object, not the owner.",[79,295,297],{"id":296},"the-agreement-rule-the-thing-owned-not-the-owner","The agreement rule: the thing owned, not the owner",[58,299,300,301,304,305,307],{},"This is the headline. English marks the ",[62,302,303],{},"owner",": \"his\" versus \"hers\" tells you the owner is male or female. French marks the ",[62,306,76],{}," and tells you nothing about the owner.",[58,309,310,311,314,315,317,318,321],{},"Take ",[62,312,313],{},"la voiture"," (the car, feminine). \"Mine\" is ",[62,316,96],{}," whether the speaker is a man or a woman, because ",[62,319,320],{},"voiture"," is feminine:",[249,323,324,330,336],{},[252,325,326,329],{},[62,327,328],{},"C'est ta voiture? - Oui, c'est la mienne."," (Is it your car? Yes, it's mine.)",[252,331,332,335],{},[62,333,334],{},"Mon vélo est cassé, je prends le tien."," (My bike is broken, I'll take yours.)",[252,337,338,341,342,344],{},[62,339,340],{},"Ses parents sont gentils, les miens aussi."," (His parents are nice, mine too - ",[62,343,141],{}," because parents is masculine plural.)",[58,346,347,348,350,351,286,353,355,356,358,359,361,362,364,365,368],{},"The trap with ",[62,349,175],{},": it means ",[62,352,285],{},[62,354,289],{},", or ",[62,357,292],{},", and the form follows the object. So a man's car is ",[62,360,178],{}," (feminine, matching voiture) and a woman's book is ",[62,363,175],{}," (masculine, matching livre). If you want to disambiguate the owner, French falls back on ",[62,366,367],{},"à lui \u002F à elle"," (see below).",[249,370,371],{},[252,372,373,376,377,379],{},[62,374,375],{},"Paul a perdu sa clé, alors il a pris la sienne."," (Paul lost his key, so he took hers \u002F his - context decides; ",[62,378,178],{}," just agrees with clé.)",[79,381,383],{"id":382},"the-circumflex-le-notre-le-votre-vs-notre-votre","The circumflex: le notre \u002F le votre vs notre \u002F votre",[58,385,386,387,389,390,392,393,396,397,400],{},"The pronoun ",[62,388,256],{}," carries a ",[62,391,260],{}," (ô) and is pronounced with a closed \"o\"; the adjective ",[62,394,395],{},"notre \u002F votre"," has ",[62,398,399],{},"no accent"," and an open \"o\". This is a real spelling and pronunciation difference, not an optional flourish.",[249,402,403,412],{},[252,404,405,408,409,411],{},[62,406,407],{},"notre maison"," (our house - adjective, no accent) vs ",[62,410,198],{}," (ours - pronoun, circumflex).",[252,413,414,417,418,420],{},[62,415,416],{},"votre jardin"," (your garden - adjective) vs ",[62,419,214],{}," (yours - pronoun).",[58,422,423],{},"Example:",[249,425,426,432],{},[252,427,428,431],{},[62,429,430],{},"Votre jardin est plus grand que le notre."," (Your garden is bigger than ours.)",[252,433,434,437],{},[62,435,436],{},"Nos enfants jouent avec les votres."," (Our children play with yours.)",[58,439,440,441,93,443,445,446,451],{},"Dropping the circumflex on the pronoun is a genuine error that exam markers catch, so write ",[62,442,195],{},[62,444,214],{}," with the accent every time. The possessive adjectives are covered on the ",[447,448,450],"a",{"href":449},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpossessives","French possessives page","; the pronoun is the accented sibling of those words.",[79,453,455],{"id":454},"contraction-with-a-and-de","Contraction with a and de",[58,457,458,459,93,462,465,466,469,470,286,473,286,476,286,479,97],{},"Because the pronoun carries a definite article, it contracts with ",[62,460,461],{},"à",[62,463,464],{},"de"," exactly as any ",[62,467,468],{},"le \u002F les"," would: ",[62,471,472],{},"à + le -> au",[62,474,475],{},"à + les -> aux",[62,477,478],{},"de + le -> du",[62,480,481],{},"de + les -> des",[249,483,484,494,503,512],{},[252,485,486,489,490,493],{},[62,487,488],{},"à + le mien -> au mien",": ",[62,491,492],{},"Je préfère mon plan au tien."," (I prefer my plan to yours.)",[252,495,496,489,499,502],{},[62,497,498],{},"de + le mien -> du mien",[62,500,501],{},"Le résultat dépend du tien."," (The result depends on yours.)",[252,504,505,489,508,511],{},[62,506,507],{},"à + les miens -> aux miens",[62,509,510],{},"J'ai écrit à mes parents et aux tiens."," (I wrote to my parents and to yours.)",[252,513,514,489,517,520],{},[62,515,516],{},"de + les leurs -> des leurs",[62,518,519],{},"Nos problèmes sont différents des leurs."," (Our problems are different from theirs.)",[58,522,523,524,527,528,286,531,534,535,97],{},"The feminine forms don't contract (there's no ",[62,525,526],{},"à la"," contraction): ",[62,529,530],{},"à la mienne",[62,532,533],{},"de la mienne"," stay as they are. Only the masculine singular and the plurals contract, which is the standard article behaviour from the ",[447,536,538],{"href":537},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Farticles","articles page",[79,540,542],{"id":541},"the-a-moi-alternative-after-etre","The \"a moi\" alternative after etre",[58,544,545,546,549,550,553,554,557,558,561],{},"After the verb ",[62,547,548],{},"être",", French often prefers a different construction for possession: ",[62,551,552],{},"être à"," + a stressed pronoun. ",[62,555,556],{},"C'est à moi"," means \"it's mine\" just as ",[62,559,560],{},"c'est le mien"," does, but the two are not quite interchangeable.",[249,563,564,570],{},[252,565,566,569],{},[62,567,568],{},"C'est à moi."," (It's mine - emphasises ownership, \"it belongs to me\".)",[252,571,572,575],{},[62,573,574],{},"C'est le mien."," (It's mine - identifies which one, \"it's the one that's mine\".)",[58,577,578,579,582,583,587,588,591],{},"Use ",[62,580,581],{},"à moi \u002F à toi \u002F à lui \u002F à elle \u002F à nous \u002F à vous \u002F à eux \u002F à elles"," (the stressed pronouns from the ",[447,584,586],{"href":585},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fstressed-pronouns","stressed pronouns page",") when the point is simply ",[62,589,590],{},"who owns it",":",[249,593,594,600,606],{},[252,595,596,599],{},[62,597,598],{},"Ce livre est à toi?"," (Is this book yours?)",[252,601,602,605],{},[62,603,604],{},"Ces clés sont à eux."," (These keys are theirs.)",[252,607,608,611],{},[62,609,610],{},"À qui est ce sac? - Il est à moi."," (Whose bag is this? It's mine.)",[58,613,614,615,618,619,622],{},"Reach for ",[62,616,617],{},"le mien \u002F la mienne"," when you're ",[62,620,621],{},"picking one out of several"," - distinguishing your thing from someone else's:",[249,624,625],{},[252,626,627,630],{},[62,628,629],{},"Il y a deux manteaux; celui-ci est le mien."," (There are two coats; this one is mine.)",[58,632,633,634,637,638,641,642,644],{},"A quick test: if you could answer ",[62,635,636],{},"\"À qui...?\""," (Whose...?), ",[62,639,640],{},"à moi"," fits. If you're contrasting your item with another (mine versus yours), ",[62,643,92],{}," fits.",[79,646,648],{"id":647},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[249,650,651,657,663,669,675,681,687],{},[252,652,653,656],{},[62,654,655],{},"Ta chambre est plus grande que la mienne."," (Your room is bigger than mine.)",[252,658,659,662],{},[62,660,661],{},"J'ai oublié mon stylo, tu peux me prêter le tien?"," (I forgot my pen, can you lend me yours?)",[252,664,665,668],{},[62,666,667],{},"Nos voisins sont bruyants; les votres sont calmes."," (Our neighbours are noisy; yours are quiet.)",[252,670,671,674],{},[62,672,673],{},"Ce n'est pas mon idée, c'est la sienne."," (It's not my idea, it's his \u002F hers.)",[252,676,677,680],{},[62,678,679],{},"Je préfère ma méthode à la tienne."," (I prefer my method to yours.)",[252,682,683,686],{},[62,684,685],{},"À qui sont ces gants? - Ils sont à moi."," (Whose gloves are these? They're mine.)",[252,688,689,692],{},[62,690,691],{},"Leur maison est belle, mais je préfère la notre."," (Their house is lovely, but I prefer ours.)",[79,694,696],{"id":695},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[58,698,699,700,702,703,705,706,708,709,711,712,714,715,93,718,702,721,724,725,728,729,731,732,734,735,489,737,740,741,743],{},"Agreeing with the owner instead of the object: a man's car is still ",[62,701,96],{},", not ",[62,704,92],{},", because ",[62,707,320],{}," is feminine. Dropping the circumflex on ",[62,710,256],{}," - the accented pronoun is a different word from the unaccented adjective ",[62,713,395],{},". Forgetting to contract: it's ",[62,716,717],{},"au mien",[62,719,720],{},"du tien",[62,722,723],{},"à le mien"," or ",[62,726,727],{},"de le tien",". Translating \"his \u002F hers\" by the owner's gender - ",[62,730,175],{}," can be either, so don't switch to ",[62,733,178],{}," just because the owner is a woman; let the object decide. And muddling the two ownership patterns after ",[62,736,548],{},[62,738,739],{},"c'est à moi"," answers \"whose?\", while ",[62,742,560],{}," picks one out of several - both are correct, but they answer different questions.",[79,745,747],{"id":746},"see-also","See also",[249,749,750,756,762,768],{},[252,751,752,753,755],{},"The ",[447,754,450],{"href":449}," covers the adjectives mon \u002F ma \u002F mes that these pronouns replace, and the circumflex contrast with notre \u002F votre.",[252,757,752,758,761],{},[447,759,760],{"href":585},"French stressed pronouns page"," covers the moi \u002F toi \u002F lui set used in the \"c'est a moi\" ownership construction.",[252,763,752,764,767],{},[447,765,766],{"href":537},"French articles page"," covers the au \u002F du \u002F aux \u002F des contractions the pronouns inherit.",[252,769,752,770,774],{},[447,771,773],{"href":772},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar","French grammar hub"," lists every topic by tier.",{"title":776,"searchDepth":777,"depth":777,"links":778},"",2,[779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786],{"id":81,"depth":777,"text":82},{"id":296,"depth":777,"text":297},{"id":382,"depth":777,"text":383},{"id":454,"depth":777,"text":455},{"id":541,"depth":777,"text":542},{"id":647,"depth":777,"text":648},{"id":695,"depth":777,"text":696},{"id":746,"depth":777,"text":747},"B1-B2","The French possessive pronouns le mien, le tien, le sien, le notre, le votre, le leur ('mine, yours, his\u002Fhers, ours, theirs'). They agree with the thing possessed, not the owner; the circumflex on le notre \u002F le votre distinguishes pronoun from adjective; contraction with a and de (au mien, du mien); and the 'a moi' alternative after etre.","md",[791,794,797],{"q":792,"a":793},"What are the French possessive pronouns?","Le mien (mine), le tien (yours, tu), le sien (his \u002F hers \u002F its), le notre (ours), le votre (yours, vous), le leur (theirs). Each has four forms agreeing with the thing possessed: le mien \u002F la mienne \u002F les miens \u002F les miennes, and so on. They replace a possessive adjective plus its noun: 'c'est ma voiture' becomes 'c'est la mienne' (it's mine). They differ from the possessive adjectives mon \u002F ma \u002F mes, which sit in front of a noun rather than standing in for the whole phrase.",{"q":795,"a":796},"Does the French possessive pronoun agree with the owner or the thing owned?","With the thing owned, never the owner. 'La voiture' is feminine, so 'mine' is 'la mienne' regardless of whether the owner is male or female. This is the opposite of English 'his \u002F hers', which marks the owner's gender. So a man saying 'the car is mine' says 'la voiture est la mienne' (feminine, matching voiture), and 'le sien' can mean either 'his' or 'hers' - the form tells you the gender of the object, not the person.",{"q":798,"a":799},"What is the difference between le notre and notre in French?","The circumflex. The possessive pronoun le notre \u002F le votre carries a circumflex accent and a closed 'o' sound, while the possessive adjective notre \u002F votre has no accent and an open 'o'. So 'notre maison' (our house, adjective) but 'la notre' (ours, pronoun): 'Votre jardin est plus grand que le notre.' (Your garden is bigger than ours.) The accent is not decorative - it marks a real difference in both spelling and pronunciation, and dropping it is a genuine error.","higher","Possessive pronouns are the words for 'mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs': le mien, le tien, le sien, le notre, le votre, le leur, each with feminine and plural forms. They replace a possessive-adjective-plus-noun ('my car') with a single standalone pronoun ('mine'). The rule that catches everyone is that the pronoun agrees with the thing possessed, not with the owner - la voiture becomes la mienne even when the owner is a man. Don't confuse them with the possessive adjectives mon \u002F ma \u002F mes, which sit before a noun; those are on a separate page. This is Higher tier and assumes the adjectives are already solid.","french",{},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpossessive-pronouns",{"title":47,"description":788},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpossessive-pronouns","3-0tfwXJTM1g_0b-XKynjIG0Vs_pBj1k8L1NF_8C6mQ",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":810},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":812},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":814},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":816},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",1]