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stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":613,"date":35,"description":614,"extension":615,"faqs":616,"gcseTier":623,"intro":624,"language":625,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":626,"navigation":627,"path":628,"seo":629,"stem":630,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":631},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fquestion-words.md","French Question Words: qui, que, quand, ou, comment, pourquoi and the Three Ways to Ask",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":597},"minimark",[39,44,48,53,164,172,194,198,201,206,209,229,232,252,255,259,266,283,286,304,307,311,314,332,339,359,362,366,369,386,389,424,437,441,444,477,480,484,528,532,568,572],[40,41,43],"h1",{"id":42},"french-question-words","French Question Words",[45,46,47],"p",{},"French has eight question words you'll use constantly, plus three strategies for turning a statement into a question. This page covers both.",[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"the-eight-question-words","The eight question words",[54,55,56,72],"table",{},[57,58,59],"thead",{},[60,61,62,66,69],"tr",{},[63,64,65],"th",{},"Word",[63,67,68],{},"Meaning",[63,70,71],{},"Example",[73,74,75,87,98,109,120,131,142,153],"tbody",{},[60,76,77,81,84],{},[78,79,80],"td",{},"qui",[78,82,83],{},"who",[78,85,86],{},"Qui parle?",[60,88,89,92,95],{},[78,90,91],{},"que",[78,93,94],{},"what",[78,96,97],{},"Que fais-tu?",[60,99,100,103,106],{},[78,101,102],{},"quoi",[78,104,105],{},"what (after prep)",[78,107,108],{},"C'est quoi? \u002F Avec quoi?",[60,110,111,114,117],{},[78,112,113],{},"quand",[78,115,116],{},"when",[78,118,119],{},"Quand pars-tu?",[60,121,122,125,128],{},[78,123,124],{},"ou",[78,126,127],{},"where",[78,129,130],{},"Ou habites-tu?",[60,132,133,136,139],{},[78,134,135],{},"comment",[78,137,138],{},"how",[78,140,141],{},"Comment vas-tu?",[60,143,144,147,150],{},[78,145,146],{},"combien",[78,148,149],{},"how much \u002F many",[78,151,152],{},"Combien ca coute?",[60,154,155,158,161],{},[78,156,157],{},"pourquoi",[78,159,160],{},"why",[78,162,163],{},"Pourquoi tu ris?",[45,165,166,167,171],{},"Plus the determiner ",[168,169,170],"strong",{},"quel \u002F quelle \u002F quels \u002F quelles"," (which \u002F what), which agrees with the noun.",[173,174,175,182,188],"ul",{},[176,177,178,181],"li",{},[168,179,180],{},"Quel livre?"," (Which book?)",[176,183,184,187],{},[168,185,186],{},"Quelle heure est-il?"," (What time is it?)",[176,189,190,193],{},[168,191,192],{},"Quels sont tes plans?"," (What are your plans?)",[49,195,197],{"id":196},"the-three-question-formation-strategies","The three question-formation strategies",[45,199,200],{},"For any question, French gives you three options. They're ranked by register.",[202,203,205],"h3",{"id":204},"_1-intonation-casual","1. Intonation (casual)",[45,207,208],{},"Take the statement and raise the pitch at the end. Word order doesn't change.",[173,210,211,217,223],{},[176,212,213,216],{},[168,214,215],{},"Tu viens?"," (Are you coming?)",[176,218,219,222],{},[168,220,221],{},"Vous habitez ici?"," (Do you live here?)",[176,224,225,228],{},[168,226,227],{},"Marie est francaise?"," (Is Marie French?)",[45,230,231],{},"With a question word, the word usually goes at the end:",[173,233,234,240,246],{},[176,235,236,239],{},[168,237,238],{},"Tu pars quand?"," (When are you leaving?)",[176,241,242,245],{},[168,243,244],{},"Vous habitez ou?"," (Where do you live?)",[176,247,248,251],{},[168,249,250],{},"Tu fais quoi?"," (What are you doing?)",[45,253,254],{},"This is the default register for spoken French. It's grammatical, common, and what you'll hear most.",[202,256,258],{"id":257},"_2-est-ce-que-neutral","2. est-ce que (neutral)",[45,260,261,262,265],{},"Bolt ",[168,263,264],{},"est-ce que"," onto the start of the statement. The rest of the sentence stays the same.",[173,267,268,273,278],{},[176,269,270,216],{},[168,271,272],{},"Est-ce que tu viens?",[176,274,275,222],{},[168,276,277],{},"Est-ce que vous habitez ici?",[176,279,280,228],{},[168,281,282],{},"Est-ce que Marie est francaise?",[45,284,285],{},"With a question word, the question word goes first:",[173,287,288,293,298],{},[176,289,290,239],{},[168,291,292],{},"Quand est-ce que tu pars?",[176,294,295,245],{},[168,296,297],{},"Ou est-ce que vous habitez?",[176,299,300,303],{},[168,301,302],{},"Pourquoi est-ce que tu ris?"," (Why are you laughing?)",[45,305,306],{},"This is the safest learner move. It works in any register, you can't get the word order wrong, and it's never inappropriate.",[202,308,310],{"id":309},"_3-inversion-formal","3. Inversion (formal)",[45,312,313],{},"Flip the subject and verb, joining them with a hyphen.",[173,315,316,321,326],{},[176,317,318,216],{},[168,319,320],{},"Viens-tu?",[176,322,323,222],{},[168,324,325],{},"Habitez-vous ici?",[176,327,328,331],{},[168,329,330],{},"Est-elle francaise?"," (Is she French?)",[45,333,334,335,338],{},"With a third-person verb ending in a vowel and a vowel-starting pronoun, French inserts a ",[168,336,337],{},"-t-"," between them for pronunciation:",[173,340,341,347,353],{},[176,342,343,346],{},[168,344,345],{},"A-t-il un chien?"," (Does he have a dog?)",[176,348,349,352],{},[168,350,351],{},"Va-t-elle au cinema?"," (Is she going to the cinema?)",[176,354,355,358],{},[168,356,357],{},"Parle-t-on francais ici?"," (Do they speak French here?)",[45,360,361],{},"This is the formal register: written French, careful speech, public-facing communication. In conversation it can sound stiff.",[49,363,365],{"id":364},"qui-vs-que-vs-quoi","qui vs que vs quoi",[45,367,368],{},"The three \"what \u002F who\" words split by function.",[173,370,371,376,381],{},[176,372,373,375],{},[168,374,80],{}," = who, asking about a person, in any position",[176,377,378,380],{},[168,379,91],{}," = what, asking about a thing, in subject or object position with a verb directly after",[176,382,383,385],{},[168,384,102],{}," = what, used after a preposition or at the end of a sentence",[45,387,388],{},"Examples:",[173,390,391,396,402,406,412,418],{},[176,392,393,395],{},[168,394,86],{}," (Who is speaking?)",[176,397,398,401],{},[168,399,400],{},"Qui as-tu vu?"," (Who did you see?)",[176,403,404,251],{},[168,405,97],{},[176,407,408,411],{},[168,409,410],{},"Qu'est-ce que c'est?"," (What is it?)",[176,413,414,417],{},[168,415,416],{},"Avec quoi?"," (With what?)",[176,419,420,423],{},[168,421,422],{},"A quoi penses-tu?"," (What are you thinking about?)",[45,425,426,427,429,430,432,433,436],{},"In casual speech, ",[168,428,102],{}," also creeps into positions that would formally take ",[168,431,91],{},": ",[168,434,435],{},"tu fais quoi?"," for \"what are you doing?\" is universal in conversation.",[49,438,440],{"id":439},"yes-no-questions","Yes \u002F no questions",[45,442,443],{},"For yes \u002F no questions (no question word), the three strategies become:",[54,445,446,455],{},[57,447,448],{},[60,449,450,453],{},[63,451,452],{},"Strategy",[63,454,71],{},[73,456,457,464,470],{},[60,458,459,462],{},[78,460,461],{},"Intonation",[78,463,215],{},[60,465,466,468],{},[78,467,264],{},[78,469,272],{},[60,471,472,475],{},[78,473,474],{},"Inversion",[78,476,320],{},[45,478,479],{},"All three mean \"Are you coming?\". Register differs, meaning doesn't.",[49,481,483],{"id":482},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[173,485,486,492,498,504,510,516,522],{},[176,487,488,491],{},[168,489,490],{},"Comment t'appelles-tu?"," (What's your name? - formal)",[176,493,494,497],{},[168,495,496],{},"Tu t'appelles comment?"," (What's your name? - casual)",[176,499,500,503],{},[168,501,502],{},"Quand est-ce que vous partez en vacances?"," (When are you going on holiday?)",[176,505,506,509],{},[168,507,508],{},"Pourquoi tu ne reponds pas?"," (Why aren't you answering?)",[176,511,512,515],{},[168,513,514],{},"Quelle est ta couleur preferee?"," (What's your favourite colour?)",[176,517,518,521],{},[168,519,520],{},"Combien coute ce livre?"," (How much does this book cost?)",[176,523,524,527],{},[168,525,526],{},"A qui parles-tu?"," (Who are you talking to?)",[49,529,531],{"id":530},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[45,533,534,535,538,539,542,543,545,546,549,550,553,554,556,557,549,560,563,564,567],{},"Translating \"do you...?\" with a French auxiliary - there isn't one. ",[168,536,537],{},"Faites-vous..."," is the inversion of the main verb, not a French \"do\". Mixing the three strategies: writing ",[168,540,541],{},"est-ce que viens-tu"," mashes est-ce que and inversion together, which is wrong. Forgetting the ",[168,544,337],{}," insertion in third-person inversion: ",[168,547,548],{},"a il un chien?"," is wrong, it's ",[168,551,552],{},"a-t-il un chien?",". And translating \"what\" as ",[168,555,102],{}," in subject position - ",[168,558,559],{},"quoi fais-tu?",[168,561,562],{},"que fais-tu?"," or ",[168,565,566],{},"qu'est-ce que tu fais?"," in writing.",[49,569,571],{"id":570},"see-also","See also",[173,573,574,583,590],{},[176,575,576,577,582],{},"The ",[578,579,581],"a",{"href":580},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcheatsheet","French grammar cheatsheet"," covers the wider A1-B1 foundation.",[176,584,576,585,589],{},[578,586,588],{"href":587},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fword-order","word order page"," covers the inversion mechanics in detail.",[176,591,576,592,596],{},[578,593,595],{"href":594},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate French grammar"," page covers questions in compound tenses and indirect questions.",{"title":598,"searchDepth":599,"depth":599,"links":600},"",2,[601,602,608,609,610,611,612],{"id":51,"depth":599,"text":52},{"id":196,"depth":599,"text":197,"children":603},[604,606,607],{"id":204,"depth":605,"text":205},3,{"id":257,"depth":605,"text":258},{"id":309,"depth":605,"text":310},{"id":364,"depth":599,"text":365},{"id":439,"depth":599,"text":440},{"id":482,"depth":599,"text":483},{"id":530,"depth":599,"text":531},{"id":570,"depth":599,"text":571},"A1-A2","French question words (qui, que, quoi, quand, ou, comment, combien, pourquoi) and the three question-formation strategies: intonation, est-ce que, and inversion.","md",[617,620],{"q":618,"a":619},"What are the three ways to ask a question in French?","First, intonation: take a statement and raise the pitch at the end - 'tu viens?' (are you coming?). This is the default in spoken French. Second, est-ce que: bolt 'est-ce que' onto the start of a statement - 'est-ce que tu viens?'. This works in any register and is the safest learner move. Third, inversion: flip the subject and verb with a hyphen - 'viens-tu?'. This is formal and used mostly in writing or careful speech. All three are correct; pick by register.",{"q":621,"a":622},"What is the difference between qui and que in French questions?","Qui asks about people: 'qui parle?' (who is speaking?), 'qui as-tu vu?' (who did you see?). Que (or quoi after a preposition) asks about things: 'que fais-tu?' (what are you doing?), 'qu'est-ce que c'est?' (what is it?). The split is based on whether the answer is a person (qui) or a thing (que\u002Fquoi). In casual speech, 'quoi' often replaces 'que' even in subject position - 'tu fais quoi?' for 'what are you doing?'.","foundation","French has three ways to build a question, from the casual rising intonation of spoken French to the formal subject-verb inversion of writing. 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