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elles",null,{"type":48,"value":49,"toc":544},"minimark",[50,55,68,73,203,217,221,226,229,251,266,270,278,298,302,313,333,337,340,354,358,361,375,379,386,400,404,407,421,436,440,478,482,516,520],[51,52,54],"h1",{"id":53},"french-stressed-pronouns","French Stressed Pronouns",[56,57,58,59,63,64,67],"p",{},"French has three sets of personal pronouns, and the stressed set is the one that handles every job the other two cannot. They are also called ",[60,61,62],"strong",{},"disjunctive"," or ",[60,65,66],{},"tonic"," pronouns: \"disjunctive\" because they stand apart from the verb, \"tonic\" because they can carry stress. Wherever a pronoun has to survive without leaning on a verb, you reach for these.",[69,70,72],"h2",{"id":71},"the-forms","The forms",[74,75,76,95],"table",{},[77,78,79],"thead",{},[80,81,82,86,89,92],"tr",{},[83,84,85],"th",{},"Subject",[83,87,88],{},"Object (dir\u002Findir)",[83,90,91],{},"Stressed",[83,93,94],{},"English",[96,97,98,112,126,140,153,165,177,191],"tbody",{},[80,99,100,104,107,110],{},[101,102,103],"td",{},"je",[101,105,106],{},"me",[101,108,109],{},"moi",[101,111,106],{},[80,113,114,117,120,123],{},[101,115,116],{},"tu",[101,118,119],{},"te",[101,121,122],{},"toi",[101,124,125],{},"you (sg)",[80,127,128,131,134,137],{},[101,129,130],{},"il",[101,132,133],{},"le \u002F lui",[101,135,136],{},"lui",[101,138,139],{},"him",[80,141,142,145,148,150],{},[101,143,144],{},"elle",[101,146,147],{},"la \u002F lui",[101,149,144],{},[101,151,152],{},"her",[80,154,155,158,160,162],{},[101,156,157],{},"nous",[101,159,157],{},[101,161,157],{},[101,163,164],{},"us",[80,166,167,170,172,174],{},[101,168,169],{},"vous",[101,171,169],{},[101,173,169],{},[101,175,176],{},"you (pl)",[80,178,179,182,185,188],{},[101,180,181],{},"ils",[101,183,184],{},"les \u002F leur",[101,186,187],{},"eux",[101,189,190],{},"them (m)",[80,192,193,196,198,200],{},[101,194,195],{},"elles",[101,197,184],{},[101,199,195],{},[101,201,202],{},"them (f)",[56,204,205,208,209,212,213,216],{},[60,206,207],{},"Nous, vous"," and ",[60,210,211],{},"elle \u002F elles"," look the same across columns; ",[60,214,215],{},"moi, toi, lui, eux"," are the distinctive stressed forms to lock in.",[69,218,220],{"id":219},"when-to-use-them","When to use them",[222,223,225],"h3",{"id":224},"after-a-preposition","After a preposition",[56,227,228],{},"Any preposition - avec, sans, pour, chez, a cote de, devant - takes the stressed form.",[230,231,232,239,245],"ul",{},[233,234,235,238],"li",{},[60,236,237],{},"Tu viens avec moi?"," (Are you coming with me?)",[233,240,241,244],{},[60,242,243],{},"On va chez lui ce soir."," (We're going to his place tonight.)",[233,246,247,250],{},[60,248,249],{},"Je ne peux pas vivre sans eux."," (I can't live without them.)",[56,252,253,254,257,258,261,262,265],{},"This is also how you express ",[60,255,256],{},"a"," + a person, where y is not allowed: ",[60,259,260],{},"je pense a elle"," (I think about her), ",[60,263,264],{},"il s'interesse a eux"," (he's interested in them).",[222,267,269],{"id":268},"for-emphasis-topicalisation","For emphasis (topicalisation)",[56,271,272,273,277],{},"French cannot stress a subject pronoun by saying it louder the way English does (\"",[274,275,276],"em",{},"I"," think so\"). Instead it props the sentence open with a stressed pronoun, then keeps the ordinary subject pronoun:",[230,279,280,286,292],{},[233,281,282,285],{},[60,283,284],{},"Moi, je pense que c'est faux."," (Me, I think that's wrong.)",[233,287,288,291],{},[60,289,290],{},"Lui, il ne comprend jamais."," (Him, he never understands.)",[233,293,294,297],{},[60,295,296],{},"Nous, on reste ici."," (Us, we're staying here.)",[222,299,301],{"id":300},"after-cest-and-ce-sont","After c'est and ce sont",[56,303,304,305,308,309,312],{},"To say \"it's me \u002F it's them\", use ",[60,306,307],{},"c'est"," + stressed pronoun (and ",[60,310,311],{},"ce sont"," for eux \u002F elles):",[230,314,315,321,327],{},[233,316,317,320],{},[60,318,319],{},"C'est moi."," (It's me.)",[233,322,323,326],{},[60,324,325],{},"C'est lui qui a gagne."," (He's the one who won.)",[233,328,329,332],{},[60,330,331],{},"Ce sont eux."," (It's them.)",[222,334,336],{"id":335},"in-comparisons","In comparisons",[56,338,339],{},"The second half of a comparison (after que) takes the stressed form:",[230,341,342,348],{},[233,343,344,347],{},[60,345,346],{},"Il est plus grand que toi."," (He's taller than you.)",[233,349,350,353],{},[60,351,352],{},"Je travaille autant qu'eux."," (I work as much as them.)",[222,355,357],{"id":356},"standing-alone","Standing alone",[56,359,360],{},"A pronoun used by itself - as an answer, an exclamation, after ni... ni - must be stressed:",[230,362,363,369],{},[233,364,365,368],{},[60,366,367],{},"Qui veut venir? - Moi!"," (Who wants to come? Me!)",[233,370,371,374],{},[60,372,373],{},"Ni lui ni elle."," (Neither him nor her.)",[222,376,378],{"id":377},"with-meme","With -meme",[56,380,381,382,385],{},"Add ",[60,383,384],{},"-meme(s)"," for the \"-self\" forms, with a hyphen and number agreement:",[230,387,388,394],{},[233,389,390,393],{},[60,391,392],{},"Je l'ai fait moi-meme."," (I did it myself.)",[233,395,396,399],{},[60,397,398],{},"Ils ont tout construit eux-memes."," (They built it all themselves.)",[222,401,403],{"id":402},"in-compound-subjects","In compound subjects",[56,405,406],{},"When the subject is two people, list them as stressed pronouns and resume with a plural subject pronoun:",[230,408,409,415],{},[233,410,411,414],{},[60,412,413],{},"Lui et moi, nous partons demain."," (He and I are leaving tomorrow.)",[233,416,417,420],{},[60,418,419],{},"Toi et elle, vous etes en retard."," (You and she are late.)",[56,422,423,424,426,427,429,430,432,433,435],{},"The pairing rule: a group including ",[60,425,109],{}," resumes as ",[60,428,157],{},"; a group including ",[60,431,122],{}," (but not moi) resumes as ",[60,434,169],{},".",[69,437,439],{"id":438},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[230,441,442,448,454,460,466,472],{},[233,443,444,447],{},[60,445,446],{},"C'est toi qui as raison."," (You're the one who's right.)",[233,449,450,453],{},[60,451,452],{},"Elle habite a cote de chez nous."," (She lives next door to us.)",[233,455,456,459],{},[60,457,458],{},"Eux, ils ne sont jamais d'accord."," (Them, they never agree.)",[233,461,462,465],{},[60,463,464],{},"Je compte sur toi."," (I'm counting on you.)",[233,467,468,471],{},[60,469,470],{},"Qui a casse le vase? - Pas moi!"," (Who broke the vase? Not me.)",[233,473,474,477],{},[60,475,476],{},"Nous, on va le faire nous-memes."," (Us, we're going to do it ourselves.)",[69,479,481],{"id":480},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[56,483,484,485,488,489,492,493,496,497,500,501,504,505,508,509,512,513,435],{},"Using a subject pronoun after a preposition: ",[60,486,487],{},"avec je"," is wrong, it's ",[60,490,491],{},"avec moi",". Using y or en for a person: \"I think about him\" is ",[60,494,495],{},"je pense a lui",", not ",[60,498,499],{},"j'y pense",". Reaching for the object form after c'est: it's ",[60,502,503],{},"c'est moi",", never ",[60,506,507],{},"c'est me",". And forgetting that emphasis needs the doubled structure - ",[60,510,511],{},"moi pense"," is wrong; you keep the subject pronoun too: ",[60,514,515],{},"moi, je pense",[69,517,519],{"id":518},"see-also","See also",[230,521,522,530,537],{},[233,523,524,525,529],{},"The ",[256,526,528],{"href":527},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fobject-pronouns","French object pronouns page"," covers the me \u002F te \u002F le \u002F lui set the stressed pronouns contrast with.",[233,531,524,532,536],{},[256,533,535],{"href":534},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpronouns-y-en","French pronouns y and en page"," covers the thing \u002F place pronouns you use instead of a stressed pronoun when the object is not a person.",[233,538,524,539,543],{},[256,540,542],{"href":541},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar","French grammar hub"," lists every topic by tier.",{"title":545,"searchDepth":546,"depth":546,"links":547},"",2,[548,549,559,560,561],{"id":71,"depth":546,"text":72},{"id":219,"depth":546,"text":220,"children":550},[551,553,554,555,556,557,558],{"id":224,"depth":552,"text":225},3,{"id":268,"depth":552,"text":269},{"id":300,"depth":552,"text":301},{"id":335,"depth":552,"text":336},{"id":356,"depth":552,"text":357},{"id":377,"depth":552,"text":378},{"id":402,"depth":552,"text":403},{"id":438,"depth":546,"text":439},{"id":480,"depth":546,"text":481},{"id":518,"depth":546,"text":519},"B1-B2","The French stressed (disjunctive \u002F tonic) pronouns moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles. After prepositions (avec moi, chez lui), for emphasis (Moi, je pense...), after c'est (c'est moi), in comparisons (plus grand que toi), alone (Moi!), and with -meme (moi-meme).","md",[566,569,572],{"q":567,"a":568},"What are the French stressed pronouns?","Moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles. They correspond to je \u002F tu \u002F il \u002F elle \u002F nous \u002F vous \u002F ils \u002F elles but are used when the pronoun stands apart from the verb: after prepositions (avec moi - with me, chez lui - at his place), after c'est (c'est moi - it's me), for emphasis (Moi, je pense que... - me, I think that...), in comparisons (plus grand que toi - taller than you) and as a one-word answer (Qui veut venir? Moi! - Who wants to come? Me!). Note nous and vous look identical to the subject and object forms; the rest are distinct.",{"q":570,"a":571},"What is the difference between subject, object and stressed pronouns in French?","Subject pronouns (je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils, elles) do the verb: 'je parle'. Object pronouns (me, te, le, la, lui, nous, vous, les, leur) receive the verb and sit before it: 'je le vois'. Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles) stand on their own, away from the verb - after a preposition, after c'est, alone, or for emphasis: 'avec moi', 'c'est lui', 'Moi!'. Same idea, three different forms depending on the job the pronoun is doing.",{"q":573,"a":574},"How do you say 'myself' and 'themselves' in French?","Add -meme(s) to the stressed pronoun: moi-meme (myself), toi-meme (yourself), lui-meme (himself), elle-meme (herself), nous-memes (ourselves), vous-meme(s) (yourself \u002F yourselves), eux-memes (themselves, masc), elles-memes (themselves, fem). The hyphen is obligatory and meme agrees in number: 'je l'ai fait moi-meme' (I did it myself), 'ils l'ont construit eux-memes' (they built it themselves).","higher","Stressed pronouns are the ones French uses when a pronoun has to stand on its own two feet - after a preposition, after c'est, for emphasis, or as a one-word answer. They are not subject pronouns (je, tu, il) and not object pronouns (me, te, le); they are a third set, the disjunctive or tonic pronouns, and they appear exactly where the other two cannot. This page is Higher tier and is best read after the subject and object pronouns are solid.","french",{},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fstressed-pronouns",{"title":45,"description":563},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fstressed-pronouns","cx8kqDsYLahmxXRSExgQLQdvAeeo-9tJsG3ERPYpvaQ",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":585},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":587},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":589},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":591},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",1]