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0z\"\u002F>",true,{"id":46,"title":47,"author":48,"body":49,"cefrLevel":736,"date":48,"description":737,"extension":738,"faqs":739,"gcseTier":749,"intro":750,"language":751,"lastUpdated":48,"meta":752,"navigation":44,"path":753,"seo":754,"stem":755,"verbSlugs":48,"__hash__":756},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjonctif-after-doubt-emotion.md","The French Subjunctive After Doubt, Emotion and Opinion",null,{"type":50,"value":51,"toc":724},"minimark",[52,56,88,91,96,110,162,186,190,208,234,311,317,321,330,356,384,388,410,434,464,467,547,558,562,576,580,651,655,691,695],[53,54,47],"h1",{"id":55},"the-french-subjunctive-after-doubt-emotion-and-opinion",[57,58,59,60,64,65,70,71,75,76,79,80,83,84,87],"p",{},"If you have learned how to ",[61,62,63],"strong",{},"build"," the present subjunctive on the ",[66,67,69],"a",{"href":68},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjonctif-present-formation","formation page"," and met the first triggers on the ",[66,72,74],{"href":73},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjonctif-after-necessity","necessity-and-will page",", this page adds the next two trigger groups: ",[61,77,78],{},"emotion"," and ",[61,81,82],{},"doubt",". It also covers the trickiest piece of the whole topic, the ",[61,85,86],{},"negative-and-question flip",", which is where most AS-level marks are won or lost.",[57,89,90],{},"The thread is the same one that runs through the entire subjunctive. The indicative states facts; the subjunctive marks things that are filtered through emotion, doubt or uncertainty rather than asserted flat. When you are glad something is happening, you are reacting to it, not neutrally reporting it. When you doubt something, you are explicitly refusing to assert it. French flags both with the subjunctive.",[92,93,95],"h2",{"id":94},"verbs-of-emotion-que","Verbs of emotion + que",[57,97,98,99,101,102,105,106,109],{},"When a verb or phrase of ",[61,100,78],{}," is followed by ",[61,103,104],{},"que"," and a ",[61,107,108],{},"different subject",", the second verb goes subjunctive:",[111,112,113,120,126,132,138,144,150,156],"ul",{},[114,115,116,119],"li",{},[61,117,118],{},"Je suis content que tu viennes."," (I am glad you are coming.)",[114,121,122,125],{},[61,123,124],{},"Elle est heureuse que nous soyons là."," (She is happy that we are here.)",[114,127,128,131],{},[61,129,130],{},"Nous sommes tristes que vous partiez."," (We are sad that you are leaving.)",[114,133,134,137],{},[61,135,136],{},"Il est surpris qu'elle sache la vérité."," (He is surprised she knows the truth.)",[114,139,140,143],{},[61,141,142],{},"J'ai peur qu'il ne réussisse pas."," (I am afraid he will not succeed.)",[114,145,146,149],{},[61,147,148],{},"Je regrette que tu ne puisses pas rester."," (I am sorry you cannot stay.)",[114,151,152,155],{},[61,153,154],{},"Elle craint que ses enfants soient malades."," (She fears her children are ill.)",[114,157,158,161],{},[61,159,160],{},"C'est dommage qu'il fasse si froid."," (It is a shame it is so cold.)",[57,163,164,165,168,169,168,172,168,175,178,179,182,183,185],{},"The full emotion set: ",[61,166,167],{},"être content \u002F heureux \u002F triste \u002F surpris \u002F étonné que",", ",[61,170,171],{},"avoir peur que",[61,173,174],{},"regretter que",[61,176,177],{},"craindre que",", and the impersonal ",[61,180,181],{},"c'est dommage que",". All of them frame the ",[61,184,104],{}," clause as the object of a feeling, which is why it goes subjunctive.",[92,187,189],{"id":188},"the-different-subject-rule-still-applies","The different-subject rule still applies",[57,191,192,193,196,197,200,201,203,204,207],{},"Exactly as on the necessity page, emotion verbs only force the subjunctive when the two halves of the sentence belong to ",[61,194,195],{},"different"," people. When the feeler and the doer are the ",[61,198,199],{},"same"," person, French drops ",[61,202,104],{}," and uses ",[61,205,206],{},"de"," + infinitive:",[111,209,210,223],{},[114,211,212,215,216,218,219,222],{},[61,213,214],{},"Same subject"," -> ",[61,217,206],{}," + infinitive: ",[61,220,221],{},"Je suis content de venir."," (I am glad to come.) - I am glad, I come.",[114,224,225,215,228,230,231,233],{},[61,226,227],{},"Different subjects",[61,229,104],{}," + subjunctive: ",[61,232,118],{}," (I am glad you are coming.) - I am glad, you come.",[235,236,237,253],"table",{},[238,239,240],"thead",{},[241,242,243,247,250],"tr",{},[244,245,246],"th",{},"English",[244,248,249],{},"Subjects",[244,251,252],{},"French build",[254,255,256,271,284,298],"tbody",{},[241,257,258,262,265],{},[259,260,261],"td",{},"I am glad to come",[259,263,264],{},"I \u002F I",[259,266,267,268],{},"je suis content ",[61,269,270],{},"de venir",[241,272,273,276,279],{},[259,274,275],{},"I am glad you are coming",[259,277,278],{},"I \u002F you",[259,280,267,281],{},[61,282,283],{},"que tu viennes",[241,285,286,289,292],{},[259,287,288],{},"She is afraid of being late",[259,290,291],{},"she \u002F she",[259,293,294,295],{},"elle a peur ",[61,296,297],{},"d'être en retard",[241,299,300,303,306],{},[259,301,302],{},"She is afraid we are late",[259,304,305],{},"she \u002F we",[259,307,294,308],{},[61,309,310],{},"que nous soyons en retard",[57,312,313,314,316],{},"You can read more about this split on the ",[66,315,74],{"href":73},", where it does the same job.",[92,318,320],{"id":319},"verbs-of-doubt","Verbs of doubt",[57,322,323,326,327,329],{},[61,324,325],{},"Doubt"," is the cleanest case for the subjunctive: to doubt something is to refuse to assert it. These all take the subjunctive after ",[61,328,104],{},":",[111,331,332,338,344,350],{},[114,333,334,337],{},[61,335,336],{},"Je doute qu'il vienne."," (I doubt he is coming.)",[114,339,340,343],{},[61,341,342],{},"Il est possible que nous soyons en retard."," (It is possible we will be late.)",[114,345,346,349],{},[61,347,348],{},"Il se peut qu'elle ait raison."," (It may be that she is right.)",[114,351,352,355],{},[61,353,354],{},"Il semble qu'il fasse une erreur."," (It seems he is making a mistake.)",[57,357,358,359,168,362,168,365,368,369,372,373,375,376,379,380,383],{},"The doubt set: ",[61,360,361],{},"douter que",[61,363,364],{},"il est possible que",[61,366,367],{},"il se peut que"," (it may be that), and ",[61,370,371],{},"il semble que"," (it seems that). Watch the last one: impersonal ",[61,374,371],{}," takes the subjunctive, but ",[61,377,378],{},"il me semble que"," (it seems to me that) leans towards a personal assertion and takes the indicative - ",[61,381,382],{},"il me semble qu'il a raison",".",[92,385,387],{"id":386},"the-negative-and-question-flip","The negative-and-question flip",[57,389,390,391,394,395,398,399,402,403,406,407,383],{},"This is the AS-level point. A small group of ",[61,392,393],{},"opinion and certainty"," verbs take the ",[61,396,397],{},"indicative"," when you assert them, because asserting an opinion is treated as stating a fact. But the moment you ",[61,400,401],{},"negate"," or ",[61,404,405],{},"question"," them, doubt enters and they flip to the ",[61,408,409],{},"subjunctive",[57,411,412,413,168,416,168,419,168,422,168,425,168,428,168,431,383],{},"The verbs that flip: ",[61,414,415],{},"penser que",[61,417,418],{},"croire que",[61,420,421],{},"être sûr que",[61,423,424],{},"être certain que",[61,426,427],{},"il est certain que",[61,429,430],{},"il est sûr que",[61,432,433],{},"il est évident que",[111,435,436,446,455],{},[114,437,438,441,442,445],{},[61,439,440],{},"Affirmative -> indicative:"," ",[61,443,444],{},"Je pense qu'il vient."," (I think he is coming.)",[114,447,448,441,451,454],{},[61,449,450],{},"Negative -> subjunctive:",[61,452,453],{},"Je ne pense pas qu'il vienne."," (I do not think he is coming.)",[114,456,457,441,460,463],{},[61,458,459],{},"Question -> subjunctive:",[61,461,462],{},"Penses-tu qu'il vienne?"," (Do you think he is coming?)",[57,465,466],{},"The same pattern across the group:",[235,468,469,482],{},[238,470,471],{},[241,472,473,476,479],{},[244,474,475],{},"Form",[244,477,478],{},"French",[244,480,481],{},"Mood",[254,483,484,497,510,523,535],{},[241,485,486,489,495],{},[259,487,488],{},"Affirmative",[259,490,491,492,494],{},"Je crois qu'elle ",[61,493,66],{}," raison.",[259,496,397],{},[241,498,499,502,508],{},[259,500,501],{},"Negative",[259,503,504,505,494],{},"Je ne crois pas qu'elle ",[61,506,507],{},"ait",[259,509,409],{},[241,511,512,515,521],{},[259,513,514],{},"Question",[259,516,517,518,520],{},"Crois-tu qu'elle ",[61,519,507],{}," raison?",[259,522,409],{},[241,524,525,527,533],{},[259,526,488],{},[259,528,529,530,383],{},"Il est certain qu'il ",[61,531,532],{},"vient",[259,534,397],{},[241,536,537,539,545],{},[259,538,501],{},[259,540,541,542,383],{},"Il n'est pas certain qu'il ",[61,543,544],{},"vienne",[259,546,409],{},[57,548,549,550,553,554,557],{},"The logic: affirming that you think, believe or are certain of something asserts it as fact, so the indicative. Negating or questioning it withdraws that assertion, so the subjunctive. Note that a question formed with ",[61,551,552],{},"est-ce que"," does not always force the flip in everyday speech, but in written and exam French the inverted question (",[61,555,556],{},"penses-tu que...?",") reliably triggers the subjunctive, so train the subjunctive as the safe answer.",[92,559,561],{"id":560},"a-word-on-espérer-que","A word on espérer que",[57,563,564,565,568,569,571,572,575],{},"One trap inside the opinion group: ",[61,566,567],{},"espérer que"," (to hope that) takes the ",[61,570,397],{}," in standard French, not the subjunctive - ",[61,573,574],{},"j'espère qu'il vient \u002F viendra",", never \"j'espère qu'il vienne\". Hope is treated as leaning towards a fact rather than doubting it. Learners constantly reach for the subjunctive here because \"hope\" feels uncertain in English; resist it.",[92,577,579],{"id":578},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[111,581,582,591,600,609,618,627,635,643],{},[114,583,584,587,588,383],{},[61,585,586],{},"Je suis heureux que tu sois là."," (I am glad you are here.) - emotion + irregular ",[61,589,590],{},"être",[114,592,593,596,597,383],{},[61,594,595],{},"Elle a peur que nous partions sans elle."," (She is afraid we will leave without her.) - avoir peur que + ",[61,598,599],{},"partir",[114,601,602,605,606,383],{},[61,603,604],{},"C'est dommage qu'il ne puisse pas venir."," (It is a shame he cannot come.) - c'est dommage que + irregular ",[61,607,608],{},"pouvoir",[114,610,611,614,615,383],{},[61,612,613],{},"Je doute qu'elle ait le temps."," (I doubt she has the time.) - douter que + irregular ",[61,616,617],{},"avoir",[114,619,620,623,624,383],{},[61,621,622],{},"Il se peut qu'il fasse beau demain."," (It may be sunny tomorrow.) - il se peut que + irregular ",[61,625,626],{},"faire",[114,628,629,632,633,383],{},[61,630,631],{},"Je pense qu'il a raison."," (I think he is right.) - affirmative penser que -> indicative ",[61,634,66],{},[114,636,637,640,641,383],{},[61,638,639],{},"Je ne pense pas qu'il ait raison."," (I do not think he is right.) - negated penser que -> subjunctive ",[61,642,507],{},[114,644,645,648,649,383],{},[61,646,647],{},"Croyez-vous qu'elle vienne?"," (Do you think she is coming?) - questioned croire que -> subjunctive ",[61,650,544],{},[92,652,654],{"id":653},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[57,656,657,658,661,662,665,666,669,670,673,674,676,677,680,681,683,684,686,687,690],{},"The headline error is missing the flip in both directions. Learners put a subjunctive after an affirmative ",[61,659,660],{},"je pense que"," - \"je pense qu'il vienne\" is wrong; thinking something is true is an assertion of fact, so it is ",[61,663,664],{},"je pense qu'il vient",". The reverse error is leaving the indicative after a negated or questioned opinion verb - it is ",[61,667,668],{},"je ne pense pas qu'il vienne",", not \"je ne pense pas qu'il vient\". A second trap is breaking the different-subject rule with emotion verbs: \"je suis content que je vienne\" is impossible; same subject means ",[61,671,672],{},"je suis content de venir",". Watch ",[61,675,567],{}," too - it keeps the indicative, so ",[61,678,679],{},"j'espère qu'il viendra",", never \"qu'il vienne\". Finally, do not confuse ",[61,682,371],{}," (subjunctive) with ",[61,685,378],{}," (indicative); adding the personal ",[61,688,689],{},"me"," turns the seeming into a near-assertion and the mood changes with it.",[92,692,694],{"id":693},"see-also","See also",[111,696,697,704,710,717],{},[114,698,699,700,703],{},"The ",[66,701,702],{"href":68},"present subjunctive formation"," page covers how to build every form, including the irregulars (être, avoir, aller, faire, pouvoir, savoir, vouloir) used throughout this page.",[114,705,699,706,709],{},[66,707,708],{"href":73},"subjunctive after necessity and will"," page covers il faut que, vouloir que and the different-subject rule that also governs the emotion verbs here.",[114,711,699,712,716],{},[66,713,715],{"href":714},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjonctif-after-conjunctions","subjunctive after conjunctions"," page covers bien que, pour que, avant que and the conjunctive phrases that trigger the mood.",[114,718,699,719,723],{},[66,720,722],{"href":721},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar","French grammar cheatsheet"," covers the whole A1-B2 grammar map at a glance.",{"title":725,"searchDepth":726,"depth":726,"links":727},"",2,[728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735],{"id":94,"depth":726,"text":95},{"id":188,"depth":726,"text":189},{"id":319,"depth":726,"text":320},{"id":386,"depth":726,"text":387},{"id":560,"depth":726,"text":561},{"id":578,"depth":726,"text":579},{"id":653,"depth":726,"text":654},{"id":693,"depth":726,"text":694},"B2","Using the present subjunctive after expressions of emotion and doubt: être content \u002F heureux \u002F triste \u002F surpris que, avoir peur que, regretter que, craindre que, c'est dommage que, douter que, il est possible que, il se peut que. Plus the key AS-level point: penser, croire, être sûr and il est certain take the indicative when affirmative but flip to the subjunctive when negated or questioned.","md",[740,743,746],{"q":741,"a":742},"Why does an emotion verb take the subjunctive in French?","Because French treats the thing you feel about as coloured by your reaction rather than asserted as a bare fact. je suis content que tu viennes (I am glad you are coming) puts viennes in the subjunctive because the clause is the object of an emotion, not a neutral statement. The same logic covers être heureux \u002F triste \u002F surpris \u002F étonné que, avoir peur que, regretter que, craindre que and c'est dommage que. As with necessity, the trigger only forces a subjunctive when the subjects differ: je suis content de venir (same subject, infinitive) versus je suis content que tu viennes (different subjects, subjunctive).",{"q":744,"a":745},"When does penser que take the subjunctive in French?","penser que takes the indicative when it is affirmative, because asserting that you think something is a statement of fact: je pense qu'il vient (I think he is coming). It flips to the subjunctive when negated or questioned, because doubt has crept in: je ne pense pas qu'il vienne (I do not think he is coming) and penses-tu qu'il vienne? (do you think he is coming?). The same flip applies to croire que, être sûr que, être certain que and il est certain que. This negative-and-question flip is the single most-tested point in the doubt-and-opinion area at AS level.",{"q":747,"a":748},"What is the difference between douter que and espérer que?","douter que (to doubt that) takes the subjunctive, because doubt by definition treats the event as unconfirmed: je doute qu'il vienne (I doubt he is coming). The impersonal cousins behave the same way - il est possible que, il se peut que and il semble que all take the subjunctive. espérer que (to hope that), oddly, takes the indicative in standard French: j'espère qu'il vient \u002F viendra, not the subjunctive, because hope in French is treated as leaning towards a fact rather than doubting it. It is a classic exception worth memorising on its own.","higher","Once you can build the present subjunctive and you have met the necessity-and-will triggers, the next batch of triggers is emotion and doubt. Feelings and uncertainty about an event both colour it as something other than a plain stated fact, and French marks that with the subjunctive: je suis content que tu viennes (I am glad you are coming), je doute qu'il vienne (I doubt he is coming). The different-subject rule from the necessity page applies here too - one subject takes an infinitive, two subjects split into que + subjunctive. The sharpest point on this page, and the one that separates a confident AS-level student from the rest, is the negative-and-question flip: penser que, croire que, être sûr que and il est certain que take the indicative when you assert them - je pense qu'il vient - but flip to the subjunctive the moment you negate or question them - je ne pense pas qu'il vienne, penses-tu qu'il vienne? This page covers emotion, doubt and that flip; the forms themselves live on the formation page.","french",{},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjonctif-after-doubt-emotion",{"title":47,"description":737},"french\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjonctif-after-doubt-emotion","G2ueWBofb6t-WRf27rwSF2PaRuO0Ugo9HgyFcfPIM_k",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":759},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":761},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":763},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":765},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",1]