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Subject",null,{"type":48,"value":49,"toc":556},"minimark",[50,55,59,62,68,98,101,121,124,128,131,157,160,180,183,187,190,220,229,233,236,267,270,274,277,280,295,306,309,313,316,351,354,358,361,379,382,385,400,403,407,495,498,502,540],[51,52,54],"h2",{"id":53},"the-principle","The principle",[56,57,58],"p",{},"The 被 passive takes the thing that something happened TO and puts it first, as the topic. Then 被 introduces (optionally) who did it, followed by the verb and its result.",[56,60,61],{},"The basic pattern is:",[56,63,64],{},[65,66,67],"strong",{},"Receiver + 被 + (Agent) + verb + completion",[69,70,71,83,89],"ul",{},[72,73,74,75,78,79,82],"li",{},"我的车",[65,76,77],{},"被","偷",[65,80,81],{},"了","。 (Wǒ de chē bèi tōu le.) - My car was stolen.",[72,84,85,86,88],{},"他",[65,87,77],{},"老板批评了一顿。 (Tā bèi lǎo bǎn pī píng le yí dùn.) - He got told off by the boss.",[72,90,91,92,94,95,97],{},"杯子",[65,93,77],{},"打破",[65,96,81],{},"。 (Bēi zi bèi dǎ pò le.) - The cup got broken.",[56,99,100],{},"Think of 把 and 被 as two views of the same event. 把 fronts the doer; 被 fronts the thing affected.",[69,102,103,113],{},[72,104,105,106,109,110,112],{},"小偷",[65,107,108],{},"把","我的车偷",[65,111,81],{},"。 (Xiǎo tōu bǎ wǒ de chē tōu le.) - The thief stole my car. (Focus: thief.)",[72,114,74,115,117,118,120],{},[65,116,77],{},"小偷偷",[65,119,81],{},"。 (Wǒ de chē bèi xiǎo tōu tōu le.) - My car was stolen by the thief. (Focus: car.)",[56,122,123],{},"Same event, opposite spotlight.",[51,125,127],{"id":126},"the-agent-is-optional","The agent is optional",[56,129,130],{},"What follows 被 is the agent - the doer. Unlike the English 'by', it can simply be dropped when the doer is unknown, obvious, or irrelevant.",[69,132,133,140,148],{},[72,134,91,135,94,137,139],{},[65,136,77],{},[65,138,81],{},"。 (Bēi zi bèi dǎ pò le.) - The cup got broken. (No idea \u002F don't care who.)",[72,141,142,143,78,145,147],{},"我的自行车",[65,144,77],{},[65,146,81],{},"。 (Wǒ de zì xíng chē bèi tōu le.) - My bike was stolen.",[72,149,150,151,153,154,156],{},"门",[65,152,77],{},"锁",[65,155,81],{},"。 (Mén bèi suǒ le.) - The door has been locked.",[56,158,159],{},"When you DO name the agent, it sits between 被 and the verb:",[69,161,162,171],{},[72,163,164,165,167,168,170],{},"蛋糕",[65,166,77],{},"弟弟吃",[65,169,81],{},"。 (Dàn gāo bèi dì di chī le.) - The cake was eaten by my little brother.",[72,172,173,174,176,177,179],{},"我",[65,175,77],{},"他骗",[65,178,81],{},"。 (Wǒ bèi tā piàn le.) - I was tricked by him.",[56,181,182],{},"Note that 把 cannot do this. 把 always needs its doer at the front as the subject. 被 is the only one of the pair that lets the doer vanish, which is exactly why it exists.",[51,184,186],{"id":185},"the-verb-needs-a-completion","The verb needs a completion",[56,188,189],{},"This is the rule shared with 把, and the one learners forget. The verb after 被 cannot stand bare. It needs something attached - an aspect 了, a result, a complement, a quantity - to show the action ran to a conclusion.",[69,191,192,199,202,211],{},[72,193,74,194,78,196,198],{},[65,195,77],{},[65,197,81],{},"。 (Wǒ de chē bèi tōu le.) - GOOD: 了 completes it.",[72,200,201],{},"✗ 我的车被偷。 - WRONG: bare verb, the event hangs unfinished.",[72,203,91,204,206,207,210],{},[65,205,77],{},"打",[65,208,209],{},"破","了。 (Bēi zi bèi dǎ pò le.) - GOOD: 破 (broken) is the result.",[72,212,85,213,215,216,219],{},[65,214,77],{},"批评",[65,217,218],{},"了一顿","。 (Tā bèi pī píng le yí dùn.) - GOOD: 一顿 (a round of) is the quantity.",[56,221,222,223,228],{},"The reason is identical to 把: both constructions are about what HAPPENED to the receiver, and 'what happened' means a result, not an open-ended action. A bare verb reports an activity, not an outcome, so it leaves the sentence dangling. See the ",[224,225,227],"a",{"href":226},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fba-construction","把 construction page"," for the same logic from the doer's side.",[51,230,232],{"id":231},"the-让-叫-给-informal-passives","The 让 \u002F 叫 \u002F 给 informal passives",[56,234,235],{},"In speech, Mandarin often replaces 被 with 让 (ràng), 叫 (jiào), or 给 (gěi). These feel more colloquial, and most of them REQUIRE the agent to be named (unlike 被, which can drop it).",[69,237,238,248,258],{},[72,239,240,241,244,245,247],{},"我的钱",[65,242,243],{},"让","他拿走",[65,246,81],{},"。 (Wǒ de qián ràng tā ná zǒu le.) - My money got taken by him.",[72,249,250,251,254,255,257],{},"我的伞",[65,252,253],{},"叫","人借走",[65,256,81],{},"。 (Wǒ de sǎn jiào rén jiè zǒu le.) - My umbrella got borrowed by someone.",[72,259,91,260,263,264,266],{},[65,261,262],{},"给","他打破",[65,265,81],{},"。 (Bēi zi gěi tā dǎ pò le.) - The cup got broken by him.",[56,268,269],{},"给 is the most flexible of the three: it can even pile on after 被 for extra colloquial colour - 杯子被他给打破了 (the cup got broken by him). The plain 被 is the neutral, slightly more formal choice; 让\u002F叫\u002F给 are everyday spoken alternatives. Be aware that 让 and 叫 also mean 'to make \u002F let someone do' in other constructions, so context decides which job they are doing.",[51,271,273],{"id":272},"mandarin-uses-被-far-less-than-english","Mandarin uses 被 far less than English",[56,275,276],{},"This is the single most important habit to build. English reaches for the passive constantly, and much of it is neutral - 'the report was written', 'dinner is served', 'the bridge was built in 1920'. If you translate every one of these with 被, you will sound stilted and slightly off.",[56,278,279],{},"Mandarin's defaults are different. For neutral 'this was done', it prefers either:",[281,282,283,289],"ol",{},[72,284,285,288],{},[65,286,287],{},"A plain active sentence",", naming or implying the doer.",[72,290,291,294],{},[65,292,293],{},"A topic-comment sentence",", where the affected thing is the topic and no 被 appears at all.",[69,296,297,300,303],{},[72,298,299],{},"这本书是去年出版的。 (Zhè běn shū shì qù nián chū bǎn de.) - This book was published last year. (Topic-comment, no 被.)",[72,301,302],{},"饭做好了。 (Fàn zuò hǎo le.) - The food is ready \u002F has been cooked. (Topic-comment, no 被.)",[72,304,305],{},"这座桥1920年建成。 (Zhè zuò qiáo yī jiǔ èr líng nián jiàn chéng.) - This bridge was built in 1920. (No 被.)",[56,307,308],{},"All three are passive in English and none use 被 in Chinese. The affected thing simply sits at the front as the topic, and the verb plus its result tells you what happened to it. Reserve 被 for when you specifically want the passive's affected-victim feel.",[51,310,312],{"id":311},"the-adversity-flavour","The adversity flavour",[56,314,315],{},"被 traditionally carries an undertone of something unwelcome happening to the receiver - loss, damage, criticism, being deceived. This is why so many natural 被 sentences are bad news.",[69,317,318,326,334,342],{},[72,319,173,320,322,323,325],{},[65,321,77],{},"骗",[65,324,81],{},"。 (Wǒ bèi piàn le.) - I got cheated.",[72,327,85,328,330,331,333],{},[65,329,77],{},"开除",[65,332,81],{},"。 (Tā bèi kāi chú le.) - He got fired.",[72,335,336,337,78,339,341],{},"我的手机",[65,338,77],{},[65,340,81],{},"。 (Wǒ de shǒu jī bèi tōu le.) - My phone got stolen.",[72,343,344,345,347,348,350],{},"房子",[65,346,77],{},"烧",[65,349,81],{},"。 (Fáng zi bèi shāo le.) - The house got burnt.",[56,352,353],{},"Modern Mandarin, especially in news and formal writing, does extend 被 to neutral and even positive outcomes (他被选为代表 - he was elected as a representative). But in everyday speech the adversity flavour is strong enough that a 被 sentence about something pleasant can sound slightly odd. When in doubt, if the event is good news, prefer the topic-comment or active version.",[51,355,357],{"id":356},"negation-where-没-and-不-go","Negation: where 没 and 不 go",[56,359,360],{},"Negation goes BEFORE 被, never after it. The negator sits at the front of the whole 被 phrase.",[69,362,363,369,374],{},[72,364,74,365,368],{},[65,366,367],{},"没被","偷。 (Wǒ de chē méi bèi tōu.) - My car wasn't stolen.",[72,370,85,371,373],{},[65,372,367],{},"老板批评。 (Tā méi bèi lǎo bǎn pī píng.) - He didn't get told off by the boss.",[72,375,91,376,378],{},[65,377,367],{},"打破。 (Bēi zi méi bèi dǎ pò.) - The cup didn't get broken.",[56,380,381],{},"Use 没 for a completed-event passive that did NOT happen - this is by far the most common, because 被 reports real events. Note that with 没, the 了 drops, exactly as it does elsewhere: 没被偷, not 没被偷了.",[56,383,384],{},"不被 is rarer and reserved for general truths, refusals, or habitual non-occurrence - 'will not be', 'is not the kind to be':",[69,386,387,393],{},[72,388,173,389,392],{},[65,390,391],{},"不被","这种话影响。 (Wǒ bù bèi zhè zhǒng huà yǐng xiǎng.) - I'm not affected by that kind of talk.",[72,394,395,396,399],{},"真相",[65,397,398],{},"不会被","掩盖。 (Zhēn xiàng bú huì bèi yǎn gài.) - The truth will not be covered up.",[56,401,402],{},"For a single past event that didn't happen, reach for 没被. For a standing general truth, 不被.",[51,404,406],{"id":405},"把-and-被-side-by-side","把 and 被 side by side",[408,409,410,426],"table",{},[411,412,413],"thead",{},[414,415,416,420,423],"tr",{},[417,418,419],"th",{},"Feature",[417,421,422],{},"把 construction",[417,424,425],{},"被 passive",[427,428,429,441,452,463,473,484],"tbody",{},[414,430,431,435,438],{},[432,433,434],"td",{},"Front of sentence",[432,436,437],{},"the doer (subject)",[432,439,440],{},"the affected thing",[414,442,443,446,449],{},[432,444,445],{},"Marker introduces",[432,447,448],{},"the definite object",[432,450,451],{},"the agent (optional)",[414,453,454,457,460],{},[432,455,456],{},"Agent",[432,458,459],{},"always present (the subject)",[432,461,462],{},"optional, can be dropped",[414,464,465,468,471],{},[432,466,467],{},"Verb",[432,469,470],{},"must carry a completion",[432,472,470],{},[414,474,475,478,481],{},[432,476,477],{},"Flavour",[432,479,480],{},"disposal \u002F what you did",[432,482,483],{},"adversity \u002F what happened",[414,485,486,489,492],{},[432,487,488],{},"Negation",[432,490,491],{},"before 把",[432,493,494],{},"before 被",[56,496,497],{},"Both are 'result' constructions: both demand a completed verb, and both are about the outcome on a specific thing. The difference is purely whose side of the event you stand on.",[51,499,501],{"id":500},"what-to-drill","What to drill",[281,503,504,510,516,522,528,534],{},[72,505,506,509],{},[65,507,508],{},"Front the affected thing, then 被."," 我的车被偷了 - the car comes first because the car is what this is about.",[72,511,512,515],{},[65,513,514],{},"The verb cannot be bare."," Always attach 了, a result, or a quantity, exactly as with 把.",[72,517,518,521],{},[65,519,520],{},"The agent is optional."," Drop it when unknown or irrelevant: 杯子被打破了.",[72,523,524,527],{},[65,525,526],{},"Don't translate every English passive with 被."," Prefer active or topic-comment for neutral 'it was done'.",[72,529,530,533],{},[65,531,532],{},"Feel the adversity."," 被 leans towards bad news; for good news, reach for another structure.",[72,535,536,539],{},[65,537,538],{},"Negate before 被, with 没."," 没被偷, and the 了 drops.",[56,541,542,543,545,546,550,551,555],{},"For how 被 mirrors the doer-first construction, see the ",[224,544,227],{"href":226},". For the 了 and 没 behaviour the passive relies on, see ",[224,547,549],{"href":548},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Faspect-markers","aspect markers",". For the result-and-direction verb endings that supply the compulsory completion, see ",[224,552,554],{"href":553},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcomplements","complements",".",{"title":557,"searchDepth":558,"depth":558,"links":559},"",2,[560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568],{"id":53,"depth":558,"text":54},{"id":126,"depth":558,"text":127},{"id":185,"depth":558,"text":186},{"id":231,"depth":558,"text":232},{"id":272,"depth":558,"text":273},{"id":311,"depth":558,"text":312},{"id":356,"depth":558,"text":357},{"id":405,"depth":558,"text":406},{"id":500,"depth":558,"text":501},"B1-B2","The 被 (bèi) passive explained. The Receiver + 被 + (Agent) + verb + completion pattern, why the agent is optional, why the verb needs a result just like 把, the 让\u002F叫\u002F给 informal alternatives, the adversity flavour 被 carries, where negation goes, and why Mandarin uses it far less than English.","md","higher","The 被 (bèi) passive is the mirror image of the 把 construction. Where 把 puts the doer first and says what they did to the object, 被 puts the thing-affected first and says what was done to it. 我的车被偷了 (my car was stolen) flips the focus onto the victim. The trap for English speakers is the opposite of the usual one: English leans on the passive constantly ('it was decided', 'mistakes were made'), and learners reach for 被 every time. Mandarin uses 被 far less, reserves it for a particular adversity flavour, and demands the same 'completed verb' that 把 does. Get the pattern, learn when NOT to use it, and 被 becomes a precise tool rather than an English reflex pasted onto Chinese.","mandarin",{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fbei-passive",{"title":45,"description":570},"mandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fbei-passive","Nlxz4hR_5e5H5xc4ZZf6eNY_eEs0konMxiaaOhFJ4aE",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":582},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":584},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":586},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":588},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",1]