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可以",".",[52,53,54,73],"table",{},[55,56,57],"thead",{},[58,59,60,64,67,70],"tr",{},[61,62,63],"th",{},"Modal",[61,65,66],{},"Pinyin",[61,68,69],{},"Sense",[61,71,72],{},"Example",[74,75,76,91,105,119,133],"tbody",{},[58,77,78,82,85,88],{},[79,80,81],"td",{},"会",[79,83,84],{},"huì",[79,86,87],{},"learned ability \u002F likelihood",[79,89,90],{},"我会说中文 - I can speak Chinese",[58,92,93,96,99,102],{},[79,94,95],{},"想",[79,97,98],{},"xiǎng",[79,100,101],{},"want to \u002F would like to",[79,103,104],{},"我想去 - I want to go",[58,106,107,110,113,116],{},[79,108,109],{},"要",[79,111,112],{},"yào",[79,114,115],{},"want \u002F will (firmer)",[79,117,118],{},"我要去 - I'm going to go",[58,120,121,124,127,130],{},[79,122,123],{},"应该",[79,125,126],{},"yīng gāi",[79,128,129],{},"should",[79,131,132],{},"你应该睡觉 - you should sleep",[58,134,135,138,141,144],{},[79,136,137],{},"可以",[79,139,140],{},"kě yǐ",[79,142,143],{},"may (permission, possibility)",[79,145,146],{},"你可以走 - you may go",[43,148,149],{},"All modals sit BEFORE the main verb. Negate with 不 (except 必须, see below).",[38,151,153],{"id":152},"会-vs-能-vs-可以-three-flavours-of-can","会 vs 能 vs 可以: three flavours of 'can'",[43,155,156],{},"This is the trickiest distinction in the modal system.",[158,159,161],"h3",{"id":160},"会-huì-learned-ability","会 (huì): learned ability",[43,163,164],{},"Use 会 for skills you've acquired through learning.",[166,167,168,172,175],"ul",{},[169,170,171],"li",{},"我会说中文。 (Wǒ huì shuō zhōng wén.) - I can speak Chinese.",[169,173,174],{},"她会开车。 (Tā huì kāi chē.) - She can drive.",[169,176,177],{},"你会游泳吗？ (Nǐ huì yóu yǒng ma?) - Can you swim?",[43,179,180],{},"Negation: 不会 (can't \u002F don't know how to). 我不会跳舞 (I can't dance).",[158,182,184],{"id":183},"会-huì-job-2-likelihood-will","会 (huì) job 2: likelihood \u002F will",[43,186,187],{},"The same 会 also marks 'will' \u002F 'is likely to'.",[166,189,190,193,196],{},[169,191,192],{},"明天会下雨。 (Míng tiān huì xià yǔ.) - It'll rain tomorrow.",[169,194,195],{},"他会来吗？ (Tā huì lái ma?) - Will he come?",[169,197,198],{},"这件事不会发生。 (Zhè jiàn shì bú huì fā shēng.) - This won't happen.",[43,200,201],{},"Context disambiguates. 我会说中文 is ability (learned skill); 明天会下雨 is likelihood (a forecast).",[158,203,205],{"id":204},"能-néng-possibility-permission","能 (néng): possibility + permission",[43,207,208],{},"能 covers can-because-circumstances-allow-it. Physical possibility, available time, opportunity.",[166,210,211,214,217],{},[169,212,213],{},"我今天不能去。 (Wǒ jīn tiān bù néng qù.) - I can't go today (circumstances).",[169,215,216],{},"你能等一下吗？ (Nǐ néng děng yí xià ma?) - Can you wait a moment?",[169,218,219],{},"这里能停车吗？ (Zhè li néng tíng chē ma?) - Can one park here?",[43,221,222],{},"能 also covers regained or specific ability: 他病了, 不能工作 (he's ill, can't work).",[158,224,226],{"id":225},"可以-kě-yǐ-permission-circumstantial-can","可以 (kě yǐ): permission + circumstantial 'can'",[43,228,229],{},"可以 leans on the 'permission' meaning of 'can'.",[166,231,232,235,238],{},[169,233,234],{},"我可以走了吗？ (Wǒ kě yǐ zǒu le ma?) - May I go now?",[169,236,237],{},"你可以用我的电话。 (Nǐ kě yǐ yòng wǒ de diàn huà.) - You can use my phone.",[169,239,240],{},"这里可以吸烟吗？ (Zhè li kě yǐ xī yān ma?) - Can one smoke here?",[43,242,243],{},"能 and 可以 overlap considerably. Native speakers often use them interchangeably. The textbook split:",[166,245,246,249,252],{},[169,247,248],{},"会 - learned ability (skills) + future likelihood",[169,250,251],{},"能 - circumstantial possibility (am I able?)",[169,253,254],{},"可以 - permission (am I allowed?)",[43,256,257],{},"In practice, if you're not sure, 可以 is the safe default for 'can' in everyday speech.",[38,259,261],{"id":260},"想-vs-要-two-flavours-of-want","想 vs 要: two flavours of 'want'",[158,263,265],{"id":264},"想-xiǎng-want-to-would-like-to","想 (xiǎng): want to \u002F would like to",[43,267,268],{},"The softer 'want'. Hypothetical, desired, polite.",[166,270,271,274,277],{},[169,272,273],{},"我想去中国。 (Wǒ xiǎng qù zhōng guó.) - I'd like to go to China.",[169,275,276],{},"你想吃什么？ (Nǐ xiǎng chī shén me?) - What would you like to eat?",[169,278,279],{},"我想睡觉。 (Wǒ xiǎng shuì jiào.) - I want to sleep.",[158,281,283],{"id":282},"要-yào-want-will-be-going-to","要 (yào): want \u002F will \u002F be going to",[43,285,286],{},"The firmer 'want'. Concrete intent, decided plan.",[166,288,289,292,295],{},[169,290,291],{},"我要去中国。 (Wǒ yào qù zhōng guó.) - I'm going to China.",[169,293,294],{},"我要一杯咖啡。 (Wǒ yào yì bēi kā fēi.) - I'll have a coffee.",[169,296,297],{},"他要回家了。 (Tā yào huí jiā le.) - He's about to go home.",[43,299,300],{},"Restaurant rule of thumb: 想 if you're still deciding, 要 when you're ordering. 你想吃什么? is 'what do you fancy?'; 我要一碗面 is 'I'll have a bowl of noodles'.",[43,302,303],{},"要 also covers 'must' \u002F 'need to' in some contexts: 你要小心 (you must be careful). Sentence-final 要…了 marks imminent action: 要下雨了 (it's about to rain).",[38,305,307],{"id":306},"应该-yīng-gāi-should","应该 (yīng gāi): should",[43,309,310],{},"Moral or expected 'should'.",[166,312,313,316,319],{},[169,314,315],{},"你应该睡觉。 (Nǐ yīng gāi shuì jiào.) - You should sleep.",[169,317,318],{},"我应该走了。 (Wǒ yīng gāi zǒu le.) - I should be going.",[169,320,321],{},"学生应该努力。 (Xué sheng yīng gāi nǔ lì.) - Students should work hard.",[43,323,324],{},"Negate with 不应该: 你不应该这样做 (you shouldn't do that).",[38,326,328],{"id":327},"必须-得-must","必须 \u002F 得: must",[43,330,331],{},"A bit stronger than 应该. 必须 (bì xū, must) is formal-ish; 得 (děi, gotta) is colloquial.",[166,333,334,337,340],{},[169,335,336],{},"我必须走了。 (Wǒ bì xū zǒu le.) - I must leave.",[169,338,339],{},"你必须学习。 (Nǐ bì xū xué xí.) - You must study.",[169,341,342],{},"我得回家。 (Wǒ děi huí jiā.) - I've got to go home.",[43,344,345,348,349,352,353,356],{},[47,346,347],{},"The trap: do NOT negate 必须 with 不必须",". The negative of 必须 is ",[47,350,351],{},"不用"," (bú yòng, don't need to) or ",[47,354,355],{},"不必"," (bú bì, needn't).",[166,358,359,362],{},[169,360,361],{},"你不用来。 (Nǐ bú yòng lái.) - You don't need to come.",[169,363,364],{},"不必那么客气。 (Bú bì nà me kè qi.) - You don't need to be so polite.",[43,366,367],{},"不必须 is ungrammatical. The negative of 'must' in Mandarin isn't 'must not' - it's 'don't need to'. (For 'must not', you use 不能 or 别: 你不能这样做, 别这样做 - 'don't do that'.)",[38,369,371],{"id":370},"future-intent-打算-and-准备","Future intent: 打算 and 准备",[43,373,374],{},"For 'planning to do' \u002F 'be about to do', two non-modal verbs pull their weight.",[158,376,378],{"id":377},"打算-dǎ-suàn-plan-to","打算 (dǎ suàn): plan to",[166,380,381,384,387],{},[169,382,383],{},"我打算明天去北京。 (Wǒ dǎ suàn míng tiān qù běi jīng.) - I plan to go to Beijing tomorrow.",[169,385,386],{},"你打算做什么？ (Nǐ dǎ suàn zuò shén me?) - What are you planning to do?",[169,388,389],{},"他打算下个月结婚。 (Tā dǎ suàn xià ge yuè jié hūn.) - He plans to get married next month.",[158,391,393],{"id":392},"准备-zhǔn-bèi-preparing-to-about-to","准备 (zhǔn bèi): preparing to \u002F about to",[166,395,396,399,402],{},[169,397,398],{},"我准备走了。 (Wǒ zhǔn bèi zǒu le.) - I'm getting ready to go.",[169,400,401],{},"他准备去英国学习。 (Tā zhǔn bèi qù yīng guó xué xí.) - He's preparing to study in the UK.",[169,403,404],{},"我们准备吃饭。 (Wǒ men zhǔn bèi chī fàn.) - We're about to eat.",[43,406,407],{},"准备 is slightly more proximate than 打算. 打算 = plan (could be next year). 准备 = preparing, about to (usually soon).",[43,409,410],{},"打算 is Foundation tier; 准备 is technically Higher tier in the AQA inventory but turns up often enough at this level that it's worth knowing.",[38,412,414],{"id":413},"the-full-position-rule","The full position rule",[43,416,417],{},"All modals sit BEFORE the main verb, AFTER the subject, after any time word.",[43,419,420,50],{},[47,421,422],{},"Subject + (time) + modal + main verb + (object)",[166,424,425,431,436],{},[169,426,427,428,430],{},"我明天",[47,429,81],{},"去。 - I'll go tomorrow.",[169,432,427,433,435],{},[47,434,95],{},"吃面条。 - I want to eat noodles tomorrow.",[169,437,438,439,441],{},"他",[47,440,123],{},"回家。 - He should go home.",[43,443,444],{},"Stack two modals? Rare but possible: 我应该会去 (I probably should go \u002F I should be able to go). Stick to one modal at a time until the patterns are reflex.",[38,446,448],{"id":447},"what-to-internalise","What to internalise",[450,451,452,458,464,469,474,480],"ol",{},[169,453,454,457],{},[47,455,456],{},"会 = learned ability + likelihood."," Two jobs.",[169,459,460,463],{},[47,461,462],{},"能 = circumstantial possibility. 可以 = permission."," Often interchangeable in practice.",[169,465,466],{},[47,467,468],{},"想 = softer 'want'. 要 = firmer 'want' \u002F intent.",[169,470,471],{},[47,472,473],{},"应该 = should. 必须 \u002F 得 = must.",[169,475,476,479],{},[47,477,478],{},"不必须 IS WRONG."," Negate 必须 with 不用 or 不必.",[169,481,482],{},[47,483,484],{},"打算 = plan to (future). 准备 = preparing to (more proximate).",[43,486,487,488,50],{},"For the wider grammar context, see the ",[489,490,492],"a",{"href":491},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcheatsheet","Mandarin grammar cheatsheet",{"title":494,"searchDepth":495,"depth":495,"links":496},"",2,[497,498,505,509,510,511,515,516],{"id":40,"depth":495,"text":41},{"id":152,"depth":495,"text":153,"children":499},[500,502,503,504],{"id":160,"depth":501,"text":161},3,{"id":183,"depth":501,"text":184},{"id":204,"depth":501,"text":205},{"id":225,"depth":501,"text":226},{"id":260,"depth":495,"text":261,"children":506},[507,508],{"id":264,"depth":501,"text":265},{"id":282,"depth":501,"text":283},{"id":306,"depth":495,"text":307},{"id":327,"depth":495,"text":328},{"id":370,"depth":495,"text":371,"children":512},[513,514],{"id":377,"depth":501,"text":378},{"id":392,"depth":501,"text":393},{"id":413,"depth":495,"text":414},{"id":447,"depth":495,"text":448},"A2-B1","Mandarin modal verbs distinguished properly. 会 (learned ability vs likelihood), 能 (possibility), 可以 (permission), 想 (want), 要 (intent), 应该 (should), 必须 (must), plus future intent with 打算 and 准备.","md","foundation","Mandarin's modal verbs cover the same ground English does - can, want, should, must, may, will - but the mapping is not one-to-one. The hardest split is between 会, 能, and 可以, which all translate as 'can' but cover different territory. Then there's the 想 \u002F 要 \u002F 打算 trio for varying intensities of 'want' \u002F 'will'. And the 必须 \u002F 应该 \u002F 得 trio for varying intensities of obligation. This page distinguishes them. 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