[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":679},["ShallowReactive",2],{"i-lucide:chevron-down":3,"i-lucide:type":8,"i-lucide:layers":10,"i-lucide:menu":12,"i-lucide:house":14,"i-lucide:chevron-right":16,"i-lucide:list-ordered":18,"i-lucide:book-open":20,"i-lucide:library-big":22,"i-lucide:book-open-text":24,"i-lucide:graduation-cap":26,"i-lucide:languages":28,"i-lucide:gamepad-2":30,"i-lucide:presentation":32,"i-simple-icons:mastodon":34,"i-simple-icons:bluesky":36,"i-simple-icons:x":38,"i-simple-icons:linkedin":40,"grammar-mandarin-resultative-complements":43,"grammar-verbs-mandarin-resultative-complements":670,"i-lucide:download":671,"i-lucide:pencil-line":673,"i-lucide:image":675,"i-lucide:file-text":677},{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":7},0,24,false,"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m6 9l6 6l6-6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":9},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 4v16M4 7V5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h14a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2M9 20h6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":11},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M2 12a1 1 0 0 0 .58.91l8.6 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.65 0l8.58-3.9A1 1 0 0 0 22 12\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M2 17a1 1 0 0 0 .58.91l8.6 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.65 0l8.58-3.9A1 1 0 0 0 22 17\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":13},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":15},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-6a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 6A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":17},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":19},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 5h10m-10 7h10m-10 7h10M4 4h1v5M4 9h2m.5 11H3.4c0-1 2.6-1.925 2.6-3.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.6-1.02\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":21},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 7v14m-9-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5a4 4 0 0 1 4 4a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6a3 3 0 0 0-3 3a3 3 0 0 0-3-3z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":23},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"8\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M7 3v18m13.4-2.1c.2.5-.1 1.1-.6 1.3l-1.9.7c-.5.2-1.1-.1-1.3-.6L11.1 5.1c-.2-.5.1-1.1.6-1.3l1.9-.7c.5-.2 1.1.1 1.3.6Z\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":25},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 7v14m4-9h2m-2-4h2M3 18a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5a4 4 0 0 1 4 4a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6a3 3 0 0 0-3 3a3 3 0 0 0-3-3zm3-6h2M6 8h2\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":27},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0zM22 10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":29},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m5 8l6 6m-7 0l6-6l2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1m14 20l-5-10l-5 10m2-4h6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":31},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M6 11h4M8 9v4m7-1h.01M18 10h.01m-.69-5H6.68a4 4 0 0 0-3.978 3.59l-.017.152C2.604 9.416 2 14.456 2 16a3 3 0 0 0 3 3c1 0 1.5-.5 2-1l1.414-1.414A2 2 0 0 1 9.828 16h4.344a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586L17 18c.5.5 1 1 2 1a3 3 0 0 0 3-3c0-1.545-.604-6.584-.685-7.258q-.01-.075-.017-.151A4 4 0 0 0 17.32 5\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":33},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M2 3h20m-1 0v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V3m4 18l5-5l5 5\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":35},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":37},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":39},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":41,"hidden":42},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",true,{"id":44,"title":45,"author":46,"body":47,"cefrLevel":659,"date":46,"description":660,"extension":661,"faqs":46,"gcseTier":662,"intro":663,"language":664,"lastUpdated":46,"meta":665,"navigation":42,"path":666,"seo":667,"stem":668,"verbSlugs":46,"__hash__":669},"pages\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fresultative-complements.md","Mandarin Resultative Complements: Fusing a Result onto the Verb (看见, 吃完, 找到)",null,{"type":48,"value":49,"toc":645},"minimark",[50,55,59,65,68,126,129,133,136,280,283,287,290,317,320,324,327,354,363,367,370,396,399,403,406,412,433,438,452,455,459,462,496,499,503,551,555,588,592,624],[51,52,54],"h2",{"id":53},"the-principle-the-verb-plus-its-outcome","The principle: the verb plus its outcome",[56,57,58],"p",{},"Many Mandarin verbs describe an attempt, and a second morpheme glued on the back reports whether the attempt succeeded and how. The pattern is:",[56,60,61],{},[62,63,64],"strong",{},"verb + result morpheme",[56,66,67],{},"The two fuse into a single unit. The first part is the action; the second part is the result.",[69,70,71,79,86,93,100,107,114,121],"ul",{},[72,73,74,75,78],"li",{},"看",[62,76,77],{},"见"," (kàn jiàn) - look + perceive = to see (and actually perceive it)",[72,80,81,82,85],{},"听",[62,83,84],{},"懂"," (tīng dǒng) - listen + understand = to understand by listening",[72,87,88,89,92],{},"吃",[62,90,91],{},"完"," (chī wán) - eat + finish = to finish eating",[72,94,95,96,99],{},"找",[62,97,98],{},"到"," (zhǎo dào) - look for + reach = to find",[72,101,102,103,106],{},"学",[62,104,105],{},"会"," (xué huì) - study + be able = to learn (to the point of mastery)",[72,108,109,110,113],{},"做",[62,111,112],{},"好"," (zuò hǎo) - do + good\u002Fready = to finish doing (well, to completion)",[72,115,116,117,120],{},"写",[62,118,119],{},"错"," (xiě cuò) - write + wrong = to write wrongly",[72,122,74,123,125],{},[62,124,91],{}," (kàn wán) - read + finish = to finish reading",[56,127,128],{},"The bare verb says you did the action; the complement says how it came out. 我找 means 'I look for'; 我找到 means 'I find'.",[51,130,132],{"id":131},"the-common-result-morphemes","The common result morphemes",[56,134,135],{},"A small set of morphemes does most of the work. Learn these and you can decode most resultatives on sight.",[137,138,139,155],"table",{},[140,141,142],"thead",{},[143,144,145,149,152],"tr",{},[146,147,148],"th",{},"Morpheme",[146,150,151],{},"Meaning of the result",[146,153,154],{},"Example",[156,157,158,170,181,192,203,214,225,236,247,258,269],"tbody",{},[143,159,160,164,167],{},[161,162,163],"td",{},"完 wán",[161,165,166],{},"finished, used up",[161,168,169],{},"吃完 (finish eating)",[143,171,172,175,178],{},[161,173,174],{},"好 hǎo",[161,176,177],{},"done well, ready, complete",[161,179,180],{},"做好 (get done), 准备好 (be ready)",[143,182,183,186,189],{},[161,184,185],{},"到 dào",[161,187,188],{},"reach, attain, succeed",[161,190,191],{},"找到 (find), 买到 (manage to buy)",[143,193,194,197,200],{},[161,195,196],{},"见 jiàn",[161,198,199],{},"perceive (senses)",[161,201,202],{},"看见 (see), 听见 (hear)",[143,204,205,208,211],{},[161,206,207],{},"懂 dǒng",[161,209,210],{},"understand",[161,212,213],{},"听懂 (understand), 看懂 (read and get)",[143,215,216,219,222],{},[161,217,218],{},"会 huì",[161,220,221],{},"acquire an ability",[161,223,224],{},"学会 (learn to)",[143,226,227,230,233],{},[161,228,229],{},"错 cuò",[161,231,232],{},"wrongly, mistaken",[161,234,235],{},"写错 (write wrongly), 说错 (misspeak)",[143,237,238,241,244],{},[161,239,240],{},"对 duì",[161,242,243],{},"correctly",[161,245,246],{},"猜对 (guess right), 做对 (do right)",[143,248,249,252,255],{},[161,250,251],{},"成 chéng",[161,253,254],{},"succeed in becoming",[161,256,257],{},"完成 (complete), 翻译成 (translate into)",[143,259,260,263,266],{},[161,261,262],{},"住 zhù",[161,264,265],{},"hold firm, fix in place",[161,267,268],{},"记住 (memorise), 站住 (halt)",[143,270,271,274,277],{},[161,272,273],{},"掉 diào",[161,275,276],{},"off, away, gone",[161,278,279],{},"扔掉 (throw away), 忘掉 (forget)",[56,281,282],{},"Many of these are themselves ordinary words (好 'good', 完 'finish', 到 'arrive'), but as complements they report the outcome of the main verb rather than standing alone.",[51,284,286],{"id":285},"见-vs-到-see-versus-succeed-in-seeing","见 vs 到: see versus succeed-in-seeing",[56,288,289],{},"听见 and 听到 both mean 'hear', and 看见 and 看到 both mean 'see'. The difference is slight. 见 emphasises the bare fact of perception; 到 emphasises that the action reached its target, that you SUCCEEDED in perceiving. In practice they are often interchangeable for the senses.",[69,291,292,299,305,311],{},[72,293,294,295,298],{},"我",[62,296,297],{},"听见","有人敲门。 (Wǒ tīng jiàn yǒu rén qiāo mén.) - I heard someone knocking.",[72,300,294,301,304],{},[62,302,303],{},"听到","一个好消息。 (Wǒ tīng dào yí ge hǎo xiāo xi.) - I heard a piece of good news.",[72,306,294,307,310],{},[62,308,309],{},"看见","他了。 (Wǒ kàn jiàn tā le.) - I saw him.",[72,312,294,313,316],{},[62,314,315],{},"看到","那篇文章了。 (Wǒ kàn dào nà piān wén zhāng le.) - I saw \u002F came across that article.",[56,318,319],{},"到 is the more general 'attain' morpheme and works far beyond the senses (找到 find, 买到 manage to buy, 收到 receive). 见 is largely restricted to seeing and hearing.",[51,321,323],{"id":322},"了-follows-the-whole-unit","了 follows the whole unit",[56,325,326],{},"Because the verb and its result are one fused unit, the aspect 了 attaches AFTER the complement, not in the middle. You never split them.",[69,328,329,335,342,348],{},[72,330,294,331,334],{},[62,332,333],{},"吃完了","。 (Wǒ chī wán le.) - I've finished eating. (了 after 完, not 我吃了完.)",[72,336,337,338,341],{},"他",[62,339,340],{},"找到了","钥匙。 (Tā zhǎo dào le yào shi.) - He found the keys.",[72,343,294,344,347],{},[62,345,346],{},"看完了","那本书。 (Wǒ kàn wán le nà běn shū.) - I finished reading that book.",[72,349,294,350,353],{},[62,351,352],{},"学会了","游泳。 (Wǒ xué huì le yóu yǒng.) - I've learnt to swim.",[56,355,356,357,362],{},"Treat verb-plus-complement as if it were a single longer verb. Everything that would follow a plain verb - 了, the object - follows the complete unit. This is the same logic that makes 把 and 被 demand a 'completed' verb: the complement IS the completion. See ",[358,359,361],"a",{"href":360},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Faspect-markers","aspect markers"," for how 了 behaves.",[51,364,366],{"id":365},"negation-uses-没-not-不","Negation uses 没, not 不",[56,368,369],{},"This catches everyone. To say the result did NOT happen, use 没 (méi) before the whole verb-complement unit, never 不.",[69,371,372,378,384,390],{},[72,373,294,374,377],{},[62,375,376],{},"没看见","他。 (Wǒ méi kàn jiàn tā.) - I didn't see him.",[72,379,294,380,383],{},[62,381,382],{},"没听懂","。 (Wǒ méi tīng dǒng.) - I didn't understand (what was said).",[72,385,294,386,389],{},[62,387,388],{},"没吃完","。 (Wǒ méi chī wán.) - I didn't finish eating.",[72,391,337,392,395],{},[62,393,394],{},"没找到","钥匙。 (Tā méi zhǎo dào yào shi.) - He didn't find the keys.",[56,397,398],{},"The reason: a resultative reports an outcome, and saying the outcome failed to happen is a statement about a non-result in reality, which is exactly 没's job. 不 negates willingness, habit, or general truths, none of which fit here. ✗ 我不看见 is simply wrong. And as always with 没, the 了 drops: 没看见, not 没看见了.",[51,400,402],{"id":401},"the-question-form","The question form",[56,404,405],{},"To ask whether the result happened, Mandarin offers two natural shapes.",[56,407,408,411],{},[62,409,410],{},"Shape 1: V-result + 了 + 没有"," (tag the negative on the end)",[69,413,414,421,427],{},[72,415,416,417,420],{},"你",[62,418,419],{},"做完了没有","？ (Nǐ zuò wán le méi yǒu?) - Have you finished?",[72,422,416,423,426],{},[62,424,425],{},"找到了没有","？ (Nǐ zhǎo dào le méi yǒu?) - Did you find it?",[72,428,416,429,432],{},[62,430,431],{},"听懂了没","？ (Nǐ tīng dǒng le méi?) - Did you get it? (没有 often shortens to 没.)",[56,434,435],{},[62,436,437],{},"Shape 2: plain 吗 question",[69,439,440,446],{},[72,441,416,442,445],{},[62,443,444],{},"做完了吗","？ (Nǐ zuò wán le ma?) - Have you finished?",[72,447,416,448,451],{},[62,449,450],{},"听懂了吗","？ (Nǐ tīng dǒng le ma?) - Did you understand?",[56,453,454],{},"Both are common. The 了没有 form is the verb-not-verb question applied to the result, and it feels a touch more direct. The answer comes back as the verb-complement (做完了 - finished) or its negative (没做完 - haven't finished).",[51,456,458],{"id":457},"a-brief-contrast-with-potential-complements","A brief contrast with potential complements",[56,460,461],{},"There is a closely related pattern that this page does NOT cover in full: the potential complement. Slot 得 (de) or 不 (bù) BETWEEN the verb and the result morpheme and you stop reporting what happened and start talking about what is POSSIBLE.",[69,463,464,477,488],{},[72,465,74,466,468,469,472,473,476],{},[62,467,77],{}," (kàn jiàn) - saw (actual result) versus 看",[62,470,471],{},"得","见 (kàn de jiàn) - can see \u002F able to make out, and 看",[62,474,475],{},"不","见 (kàn bu jiàn) - cannot see.",[72,478,81,479,481,482,484,485,487],{},[62,480,84],{}," (tīng dǒng) - understood versus 听",[62,483,471],{},"懂 (tīng de dǒng) - can understand and 听",[62,486,475],{},"懂 (tīng bu dǒng) - cannot understand.",[72,489,88,490,492,493,495],{},[62,491,91],{}," (chī wán) - finished eating versus 吃",[62,494,475],{},"完 (chī bu wán) - cannot finish (too much food).",[56,497,498],{},"Notice the negative potential 看不见 is NOT the same as the resultative negative 没看见. 没看见 means 'didn't see' (it didn't happen); 看不见 means 'can't see' (it's not possible). They are different patterns with different jobs, and the potential complement is a separate topic for later study. For now, just register that sliding 得 or 不 into the middle switches you from result to possibility.",[51,500,502],{"id":501},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[69,504,505,512,518,525,532,538,544],{},[72,506,507,508,511],{},"这本书我已经",[62,509,510],{},"看完","了。 (Zhè běn shū wǒ yǐ jīng kàn wán le.) - I've already finished reading this book.",[72,513,514,515,517],{},"你说的话我",[62,516,382],{},"。 (Nǐ shuō de huà wǒ méi tīng dǒng.) - I didn't understand what you said.",[72,519,520,521,524],{},"我终于",[62,522,523],{},"找到","工作了。 (Wǒ zhōng yú zhǎo dào gōng zuò le.) - I finally found a job.",[72,526,527,528,531],{},"名字你",[62,529,530],{},"写错","了。 (Míng zi nǐ xiě cuò le.) - You wrote the name wrongly.",[72,533,534,535,537],{},"作业",[62,536,419],{},"？ (Zuò yè zuò wán le méi yǒu?) - Have you finished your homework?",[72,539,294,540,543],{},[62,541,542],{},"记住","了他的电话号码。 (Wǒ jì zhù le tā de diàn huà hào mǎ.) - I've memorised his phone number.",[72,545,546,547,550],{},"请把垃圾",[62,548,549],{},"扔掉","。 (Qǐng bǎ lā jī rēng diào.) - Please throw the rubbish away.",[51,552,554],{"id":553},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[556,557,558,564,570,576,582],"ol",{},[72,559,560,563],{},[62,561,562],{},"Using a bare verb where a result is meant."," 我找钥匙 is 'I'm looking for the keys'; to say you FOUND them you must add 到 - 我找到钥匙了.",[72,565,566,569],{},[62,567,568],{},"Putting 了 inside the unit."," ✗ 我吃了完. The 了 goes after the whole thing: 我吃完了.",[72,571,572,575],{},[62,573,574],{},"Negating with 不."," ✗ 我不看见. A failed result takes 没: 我没看见.",[72,577,578,581],{},[62,579,580],{},"Leaving 了 in after 没."," ✗ 没听懂了. The 了 drops: 没听懂.",[72,583,584,587],{},[62,585,586],{},"Confusing 没看见 with 看不见."," The first is 'didn't see' (result); the second is 'can't see' (possibility, a potential complement).",[51,589,591],{"id":590},"what-to-drill","What to drill",[556,593,594,600,606,612,618],{},[72,595,596,599],{},[62,597,598],{},"Learn the result-morpheme set cold."," 完\u002F好\u002F到\u002F见\u002F懂\u002F会\u002F错\u002F对\u002F成\u002F住\u002F掉 unlock most resultatives on sight.",[72,601,602,605],{},[62,603,604],{},"Treat verb + result as one word."," 了 and the object follow the complete unit.",[72,607,608,611],{},[62,609,610],{},"Negate with 没, drop the 了."," 没看完, never 不看完 or 没看完了.",[72,613,614,617],{},[62,615,616],{},"Ask with 了没有."," 做完了没有？ is the everyday question shape.",[72,619,620,623],{},[62,621,622],{},"Keep result and potential apart."," 没V-result = didn't; V不result = can't.",[56,625,626,627,629,630,634,635,639,640,644],{},"For how the completion 了 behaves, see ",[358,628,361],{"href":360},". For why 把 and 被 both demand a completed verb that a resultative neatly supplies, see the ",[358,631,633],{"href":632},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fba-construction","把 construction"," and the ",[358,636,638],{"href":637},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fbei-passive","被 passive",". For the wider family of verb endings, see ",[358,641,643],{"href":642},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcomplements","complements",".",{"title":646,"searchDepth":647,"depth":647,"links":648},"",2,[649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658],{"id":53,"depth":647,"text":54},{"id":131,"depth":647,"text":132},{"id":285,"depth":647,"text":286},{"id":322,"depth":647,"text":323},{"id":365,"depth":647,"text":366},{"id":401,"depth":647,"text":402},{"id":457,"depth":647,"text":458},{"id":501,"depth":647,"text":502},{"id":553,"depth":647,"text":554},{"id":590,"depth":647,"text":591},"B1-B2","Resultative verb complements explained. The verb + result-morpheme pattern (看见 see, 听懂 understand, 吃完 finish eating, 找到 find), the common result morphemes 完\u002F好\u002F到\u002F见\u002F懂\u002F会\u002F错\u002F对\u002F成\u002F住\u002F掉, why 了 follows the whole unit, why negation uses 没 not 不, and the V + 没有 question form.","md","higher","A Mandarin verb on its own often tells you only that an action was attempted, not that it worked. 看 (kàn) means 'look', but did you actually SEE? 听 (tīng) means 'listen', but did you UNDERSTAND? 找 (zhǎo) means 'look for', but did you FIND it? Resultative complements answer that question by gluing a short result morpheme directly onto the verb: 看见 (look-and-see), 听懂 (listen-and-understand), 找到 (look-for-and-find). The result fuses to the verb as a single unit, which changes where 了 goes, which negator you reach for, and how you ask the question. Once the result-morpheme set is in your ear, a huge swathe of everyday Mandarin clicks into place, because Chinese reports outcomes through this pattern constantly where English just uses one verb.","mandarin",{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fresultative-complements",{"title":45,"description":660},"mandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fresultative-complements","NHw8emaEDxAUu7M27OeWoScX27oBhXirh2zSPd2k1Hs",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":672},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":674},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":676},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":678},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",1]