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in Mandarin.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":843},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[846,849,852,855,858],{"sentence":847,"translation":848,"audio":43},"他说他很忙。","He says he is very busy.",{"sentence":850,"translation":851,"audio":43},"请你说慢一点。","Please speak a bit more slowly.",{"sentence":853,"translation":854,"audio":43},"请你慢慢说。","Please speak slowly.",{"sentence":856,"translation":857,"audio":43},"老师在说英语。","The teacher is speaking English.",{"sentence":859,"translation":860,"audio":43},"她什么也没说。","She did not say anything.",19,"说",{"pinyin":864,"pinyinNumeric":865,"simplified":862,"traditional":866,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":867,"toneSequence":868},"shuō","shuo1","說",[255],[73],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fshuo1",[872,873,874,875,876],"jiang3","gao4-su4","wen4","ting1","yu3",{"description":841},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fshuo1","to say, to 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students.",{"sentence":897,"translation":898,"audio":43},"他们都来了。","They have all come.",{"sentence":900,"translation":901,"audio":43},"都九点了。","It's already nine o'clock.",{"sentence":903,"translation":904,"audio":43},"我每天都喝咖啡。","I drink coffee every day.",{"sentence":906,"translation":907,"audio":43},"她什么菜都爱吃。","She loves to eat every kind of dish.","都",{"pinyin":910,"pinyinNumeric":658,"simplified":908,"traditional":908,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":911,"toneSequence":912},"dōu",[470],[73],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdou1",[659,916,917,650,918],"quan2","yi2-qi3","hai2",{"description":888},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdou1","all, both, 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Its character depicts a person departing - the top component suggests a person and the bottom suggests movement away. As a directional complement, 去 can follow other verbs to indicate movement away from the speaker, contrasting with 来 (lái), which indicates movement toward the speaker.",[48,932,933],{},"In everyday speech, 去 appears in countless fixed expressions and compound words. It pairs naturally with destinations (去学校, go to school; 去医院, go to hospital) and can serve as a complement after verbs of motion to specify direction. The verb is used in both formal and informal registers without variation.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":935},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[938,941,944,947,950],{"sentence":939,"translation":940,"audio":43},"你去哪里？","Where are you going?",{"sentence":942,"translation":943,"audio":43},"我明天要去学校上课。","I am going to school for class tomorrow.",{"sentence":945,"translation":946,"audio":43},"他去超市买东西了。","He went to the supermarket to buy things.",{"sentence":948,"translation":949,"audio":43},"我明天去上海。","I'm going to Shanghai tomorrow.",{"sentence":951,"translation":952,"audio":43},"他去年去过法国。","He went to France last year.",21,"去",{"pinyin":956,"pinyinNumeric":957,"simplified":954,"traditional":954,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":958,"toneSequence":959},"qù","qu4",[82],[209],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fqu4",[963,964,301,965,309],"lai2","dao4","zou3",{"description":930},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fqu4","to go","V1nzVIIz4EJ2Xab-cJTYRkRWRg_cXw_o-cJDtMqGuG4",{"id":971,"title":972,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":973,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":977,"exampleAudio":983,"examples":984,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1000,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1001,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1002,"meta":1007,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":432,"path":1008,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1009,"seo":1011,"slug":1004,"stem":1012,"tier":94,"translation":1013,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1014,"pinyin":1003},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhen3.md","Hen3",{"type":45,"value":974,"toc":981},[975,978],[48,976,977],{},"很 (hěn) functions as the standard degree adverb in Mandarin, equivalent to \"very\" or \"quite\" in English. One key grammatical point is that in Mandarin, adjectives used as predicates typically require an adverb like 很 before them - saying 她好 alone sounds incomplete or implies a comparison, while 她很好 is the natural neutral form meaning \"she is fine\u002Fgood.\"",[48,979,980],{},"The character combines the \"heart\u002Femotion\" radical with a component suggesting stubbornness or going against, historically implying strong feeling. In modern usage it has neutralised to a simple intensifier, and native speakers often use it as a linking word without strong emphasis. When genuine emphasis is needed, 非常 (fēicháng) or 太 (tài) are preferred.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":982},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[985,988,991,994,997],{"sentence":986,"translation":987,"audio":43},"这个菜很好吃。","This dish is very delicious.",{"sentence":989,"translation":990,"audio":43},"她很聪明，学东西很快。","She is very smart and learns things quickly.",{"sentence":992,"translation":993,"audio":43},"你今天很漂亮。","You look very beautiful today.",{"sentence":995,"translation":996,"audio":43},"我很高兴见到你。","I am very happy to meet you.",{"sentence":998,"translation":999,"audio":43},"这个问题很重要。","This question is very important.",22,"很",{"pinyin":1003,"pinyinNumeric":1004,"simplified":1001,"traditional":1001,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1005,"toneSequence":1006},"hěn","hen3",[255],[128],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhen3",[520,90,659,1010,658],"zhen1-de0",{"description":977},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhen3","very, quite","_y13wgc-MpmH_q-p0hCpAO-Mw5DrIrqBOhySr-tNHu0",{"id":1016,"title":1017,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1018,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1022,"exampleAudio":1028,"examples":1029,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1044,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1045,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1046,"meta":1050,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":84,"path":1051,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1052,"seo":1054,"slug":483,"stem":1055,"tier":94,"translation":1056,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1057,"pinyin":1047},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fa0.md","A0",{"type":45,"value":1019,"toc":1026},[1020,1023],[48,1021,1022],{},"啊 (a) is a versatile modal particle and exclamatory word that appears both sentence-initially (as an exclamation of surprise or realisation) and sentence-finally (to soften a statement, add emphasis, or express emotion). Its actual pronunciation varies depending on the final sound of the preceding syllable - it can become ya, wa, na, nga, or ra in connected speech, though it is written as 啊 in all cases.",[48,1024,1025],{},"As a sentence-final particle, 啊 makes assertions sound less abrupt and more friendly compared to bare statements. It is especially common in casual spoken Mandarin and in expressions of admiration, surprise, or gentle commands.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1027},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1030,1033,1036,1038,1041],{"sentence":1031,"translation":1032,"audio":43},"啊，你也来了！","Oh, you came too!",{"sentence":1034,"translation":1035,"audio":43},"你做的菜真好吃啊！","The food you made is really delicious!",{"sentence":1037,"translation":940,"audio":43},"你去哪儿啊？",{"sentence":1039,"translation":1040,"audio":43},"天气真好啊。","The weather is so nice.",{"sentence":1042,"translation":1043,"audio":43},"他怎么还没来啊？","Why hasn't he arrived yet?",23,"啊",{"pinyin":1047,"pinyinNumeric":483,"simplified":1045,"traditional":1045,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1048,"toneSequence":1049},"a",[470],[82],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fa0",[482,481,474,1053,520],"o4",{"description":1022},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fa0","ah, oh (exclamatory particle)","bEnn6S2BX6NdgSB_Qy3rDoSQFR1j3YjEK3eIxP-fSxA",{"id":1059,"title":1060,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1061,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1065,"exampleAudio":1071,"examples":1072,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":5,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1088,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1089,"meta":1094,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":258,"path":1095,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1096,"seo":1102,"slug":1091,"stem":1103,"tier":94,"translation":1104,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1105,"pinyin":1090},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyao4.md","Yao4",{"type":45,"value":1062,"toc":1069},[1063,1066],[48,1064,1065],{},"要 (yào) is a high-frequency modal and main verb with several related meanings: to want something, to be going to do something (future marker), and to need or must do something. Context disambiguates between these readings. As a future marker it is less formal than 将 (jiāng) and very common in spoken Mandarin.",[48,1067,1068],{},"The character originally depicted a woman with hands on her waist, signifying a demand or requirement. In modern usage, 要 spans casual requests (\"I want...\"), polite needs (\"I need...\"), and future intent (\"I am going to...\"), making it one of the most versatile words at this frequency level. Its negative form 不要 (bú yào) means \"don't\" in imperative sentences.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1070},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1073,1076,1079,1082,1085],{"sentence":1074,"translation":1075,"audio":43},"我要一杯茶。","I want a cup of tea.",{"sentence":1077,"translation":1078,"audio":43},"你要去哪里？","Where do you want to go?",{"sentence":1080,"translation":1081,"audio":43},"明天要早点起床。","You need to get up early tomorrow.",{"sentence":1083,"translation":1084,"audio":43},"我要一杯热牛奶。","I want a cup of hot milk.",{"sentence":1086,"translation":1087,"audio":43},"明天要早点出门。","We need to leave early tomorrow.","要",{"pinyin":1090,"pinyinNumeric":1091,"simplified":1088,"traditional":1088,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1092,"toneSequence":1093},"yào","yao4",[255],[209],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyao4",[1097,1098,1099,1100,1101],"xu1-yao4","bu2-yao4","wo3-yao4","xiang3","ke3-yi3",{"description":1065},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyao4","to want; will; need to","VOGMR3bM9ysBgwF1np5CHjsLYy3kM0YTKmgr2MeMW68",{"id":1107,"title":1108,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1109,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1113,"exampleAudio":1119,"examples":1120,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1136,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1137,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1138,"meta":1142,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":432,"path":1143,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1144,"seo":1147,"slug":659,"stem":1148,"tier":94,"translation":1149,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1150,"pinyin":1139},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fye3.md","Ye3",{"type":45,"value":1110,"toc":1117},[1111,1114],[48,1112,1113],{},"也 (yě) is the standard additive adverb in Mandarin, equivalent to \"also\" or \"too\" in English. Unlike English where \"too\" typically appears at the end of a sentence, 也 must be placed directly before the verb or adjective it modifies. It cannot appear at the end of a clause.",[48,1115,1116],{},"也 differs from 还 (hái, also\u002Fstill) in that 也 emphasises addition or similarity (a second entity sharing the same predicate), while 还 more often means \"in addition\" or \"still.\" In formal and written contexts 也 can take on a concessive meaning (\"even if... also...\"), as in 再忙也要吃饭 (\"No matter how busy, one must still eat\").",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1118},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1121,1124,1127,1130,1133],{"sentence":1122,"translation":1123,"audio":43},"我去，你也去吗？","I am going - are you going too?",{"sentence":1125,"translation":1126,"audio":43},"我喜欢这本书，他也喜欢。","I like this book, and he likes it too.",{"sentence":1128,"translation":1129,"audio":43},"这道菜很好吃，也很便宜。","This dish is very tasty and also very cheap.",{"sentence":1131,"translation":1132,"audio":43},"我也想跟你们一起去。","I also want to go with you.",{"sentence":1134,"translation":1135,"audio":43},"她不饿，我也不饿。","She is not hungry, and neither am I.",25,"也",{"pinyin":1139,"pinyinNumeric":659,"simplified":1137,"traditional":1137,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1140,"toneSequence":1141},"yě",[128],[128],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fye3",[658,918,1145,659,1146],"he2","gen1",{"description":1113},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fye3","also, too, as well","pAw-wcx4H0uO3GoW3afvF3Mekn59Ay7zzIzmRRkdIxw",{"id":1152,"title":1153,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1154,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":52,"exampleAudio":1158,"examples":1159,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1175,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1176,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1177,"meta":1182,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":130,"path":1183,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1184,"seo":1186,"slug":393,"stem":1187,"tier":94,"translation":1188,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1189,"pinyin":1178},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fta1-men0.md","Ta1 Men0",{"type":45,"value":1155,"toc":1156},[],{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1157},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1160,1163,1166,1169,1172],{"sentence":1161,"translation":1162,"audio":43},"他们都是我的朋友。","They are all my friends.",{"sentence":1164,"translation":1165,"audio":43},"你知道他们在哪里吗？","Do you know where they are?",{"sentence":1167,"translation":1168,"audio":43},"他们明天会来参加聚会。","They will come to the party tomorrow.",{"sentence":1170,"translation":1171,"audio":43},"他们正在准备晚饭。","They are preparing dinner.",{"sentence":1173,"translation":1174,"audio":43},"他们决定搬家。","They have decided to move house.",26,"他们",{"pinyin":1178,"pinyinNumeric":393,"simplified":1176,"traditional":1179,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1180,"toneSequence":1181},"tā men","他們",[82,82],[73,82],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fta1-men0",[135,741,385,392,1185],"ta1-3",{"description":52},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fta1-men0","they, them (mixed or male group)","xk5x8KhA-RYVoYuNvVJ8FoEmoJ3pRWIMJhXCD9OhF9U",{"id":1191,"title":1192,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1193,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1197,"exampleAudio":1203,"examples":1204,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1220,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1221,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1222,"meta":1226,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":1227,"path":1228,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1229,"seo":1230,"slug":1145,"stem":1231,"tier":94,"translation":1232,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1233,"pinyin":1223},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhe2.md","He2",{"type":45,"value":1194,"toc":1201},[1195,1198],[48,1196,1197],{},"和 (hé) is the primary coordinating conjunction linking nouns and noun phrases in Mandarin. A key grammatical restriction is that 和 can only join nouns and pronouns - it cannot coordinate verb phrases or clauses the way \"and\" does in English. For clauses, Mandarin uses other connectors or simply juxtaposes them.",[48,1199,1200],{},"The character 和 originally depicted grain in a vessel, suggesting harmony and balance - meanings that persist in words like 和平 (hépíng, peace) and 和谐 (héxié, harmony). When used as a preposition meaning \"with\" (我和你一起去, \"I'll go with you\"), 和 is interchangeable with 跟 (gēn) in most contexts.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1202},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1205,1208,1211,1214,1217],{"sentence":1206,"translation":1207,"audio":43},"我和他是同学。","He and I are classmates.",{"sentence":1209,"translation":1210,"audio":43},"苹果和香蕉都很好吃。","Apples and bananas are both delicious.",{"sentence":1212,"translation":1213,"audio":43},"请把书和笔放在桌子上。","Please put the book and pen on the table.",{"sentence":1215,"translation":1216,"audio":43},"我和朋友去看电影。","My friends and I are going to see a film.",{"sentence":1218,"translation":1219,"audio":43},"猫和狗都是动物。","Cats and dogs are both animals.",27,"和",{"pinyin":1223,"pinyinNumeric":1145,"simplified":1221,"traditional":1221,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1224,"toneSequence":1225},"hé",[80],[53],{},"conjunction","\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhe2",[1146,659,658,918,1145],{"description":1197},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhe2","and; with","X76JpnELUChEhNEPPF1WOvURAuT8guozlusAhSX3Q_U",{"id":1235,"title":1236,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1237,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":52,"exampleAudio":1241,"examples":1242,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":516,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":1258,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1259,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1260,"meta":1264,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":778,"path":1265,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1266,"seo":1268,"slug":781,"stem":1269,"tier":94,"translation":1270,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1271,"pinyin":1261},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fna4.md","Na4",{"type":45,"value":1238,"toc":1239},[],{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1240},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1243,1246,1249,1252,1255],{"sentence":1244,"translation":1245},"那个人是谁？我不认识他。","Who is that person? I do not know him.",{"sentence":1247,"translation":1248},"那家餐厅的菜特别好吃。","The food at that restaurant is especially good.",{"sentence":1250,"translation":1251},"那是我第一次去中国。","That was the first time I went to China.",{"sentence":1253,"translation":1254,"audio":43},"那是我的车。","That is my car.",{"sentence":1256,"translation":1257,"audio":43},"那张照片很美。","That photo is beautiful.","[na˥˩]","那",{"pinyin":1261,"pinyinNumeric":781,"simplified":1259,"traditional":1259,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1262,"toneSequence":1263},"nà",[297],[209],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fna4",[773,570,784,1267,782],"na4-li3",{"description":52},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fna4","that","7H6dN9QIJ-x2m-3gIPGVdkoAZX8A7xp3nZ7941PW2ps",{"id":1273,"title":1274,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1275,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1279,"exampleAudio":1285,"examples":1286,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1302,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1303,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1304,"meta":1308,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":258,"path":1309,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1310,"seo":1313,"slug":1100,"stem":1314,"tier":94,"translation":1315,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1316,"pinyin":1305},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fxiang3.md","Xiang3",{"type":45,"value":1276,"toc":1283},[1277,1280],[48,1278,1279],{},"想 (xiǎng) covers three related semantic areas: thinking\u002Fpondering (我在想, I am thinking), wanting or wishing to do something (我想去, I want to go), and missing someone or something out of longing (我想你, I miss you). The context and what follows the verb determines which meaning is active.",[48,1281,1282],{},"The character combines the \"heart\u002Fmind\" radical (心) at the bottom with a phonetic component above, reflecting its cognitive and emotional range. Compared to 要 (yào, to want), 想 expresses a softer, more tentative desire - 我想喝水 (\"I would like some water\") is more polite than 我要喝水 (\"I want water\").",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1284},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1287,1290,1293,1296,1299],{"sentence":1288,"translation":1289,"audio":43},"我想喝一杯水。","I want to drink a glass of water.",{"sentence":1291,"translation":1292,"audio":43},"你在想什么？","What are you thinking about?",{"sentence":1294,"translation":1295,"audio":43},"我很想我的家人。","I miss my family very much.",{"sentence":1297,"translation":1298,"audio":43},"他想出国念书。","He wants to study abroad.",{"sentence":1300,"translation":1301,"audio":43},"我想喝一杯茶。","I would like a cup of tea.",29,"想",{"pinyin":1305,"pinyinNumeric":1100,"simplified":1303,"traditional":1303,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1306,"toneSequence":1307},"xiǎng",[605],[128],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fxiang3",[1091,829,820,1311,1312],"ke3-neng2","xi3-huan0",{"description":1279},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fxiang3","to think; to want; to miss","uqp-nZugwpFhkY1iGUDCTtYBdoX4NFfjox7R9hHjTyg",{"id":1318,"title":1319,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1320,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1324,"exampleAudio":1330,"examples":1331,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1347,"hskLevel":73,"images":1348,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1351,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1352,"meta":1356,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":1357,"path":1358,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1359,"seo":1361,"slug":350,"stem":1362,"tier":94,"translation":1363,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1364,"pinyin":1353},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fren2.md","Ren2",{"type":45,"value":1321,"toc":1328},[1322,1325],[48,1323,1324],{},"人 (rén) is one of the most iconic Chinese characters - a simple two-stroke pictograph of a person in profile with legs striding forward. It appears as a radical in hundreds of characters related to people and human activities, including 他 (tā, he), 你 (nǐ, you), and 们 (men, plural suffix).",[48,1326,1327],{},"Beyond its literal meaning of \"person\" or \"people,\" 人 features in countless compound words and expressions: 中国人 (Chinese person), 工人 (worker), 大人 (adult), 人民 (the people). Its radical form appears on the left side of many characters as 亻 (the \"standing person\" radical), demonstrating how foundational this concept is to the writing system.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1329},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1332,1335,1338,1341,1344],{"sentence":1333,"translation":1334,"audio":43},"这里有很多人。","There are a lot of people here.",{"sentence":1336,"translation":1337,"audio":43},"他是一个好人。","He is a good person.",{"sentence":1339,"translation":1340,"audio":43},"中国有十四亿人。","China has 1.4 billion people.",{"sentence":1342,"translation":1343,"audio":43},"这个人很友好。","This person is very friendly.",{"sentence":1345,"translation":1346,"audio":43},"他不是坏人。","He is not a bad person.",30,{"line":1349,"colour":1350},"\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fren2-line.svg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fren2-colour.svg","人",{"pinyin":1353,"pinyinNumeric":350,"simplified":1351,"traditional":1351,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1354,"toneSequence":1355},"rén",[53],[53],{},"noun","\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fren2",[1360,135,91,134,393],"zi4-ji3",{"description":1324},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fren2","person, people","ixeV7GVIC0NknmZDCrfitEURW3jEv_k7QeM01SzFTko",{"id":1366,"title":1367,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1368,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1372,"exampleAudio":1378,"examples":1379,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1395,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1396,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1397,"meta":1403,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":258,"path":1404,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1405,"seo":1409,"slug":1399,"stem":1410,"tier":94,"translation":1411,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1412,"pinyin":1398},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhui4.md","Hui4",{"type":45,"value":1369,"toc":1376},[1370,1373],[48,1371,1372],{},"会 (huì) carries two primary modal meanings: ability acquired through learning (knowing how to do something) and future probability or prediction (something will happen). This distinguishes it from 能 (néng), which expresses capacity or permission in the moment rather than learned skill or future expectation.",[48,1374,1375],{},"The traditional form 會 shows a complex structure combining \"gathering\" with a phonetic element - the character originally meant \"to gather, to meet,\" a meaning preserved in 开会 (kāihuì, to hold a meeting) and 机会 (jīhuì, opportunity). Simplified to 会, it now most commonly functions as the modal \"can\u002Fwill\" in everyday speech.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1377},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1380,1383,1386,1389,1392],{"sentence":1381,"translation":1382,"audio":43},"你会说中国话吗？","Can you speak Chinese?",{"sentence":1384,"translation":1385,"audio":43},"他明天会来。","He will come tomorrow.",{"sentence":1387,"translation":1388,"audio":43},"我不会游泳。","I do not know how to swim.",{"sentence":1390,"translation":1391,"audio":43},"她会三种语言。","She speaks three languages.",{"sentence":1393,"translation":1394,"audio":43},"下午可能会下雨。","It may rain this afternoon.",31,"会",{"pinyin":1398,"pinyinNumeric":1399,"simplified":1396,"traditional":1400,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1401,"toneSequence":1402},"huì","hui4","會",[297],[209],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhui4",[1101,1406,1407,1408,1091],"neng2","bu2-hui4","bu4-neng2",{"description":1372},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhui4","can, to know how to; will; meeting","EG4H1fQZLhwJkO-Ea-UIGnz49QfimR8GqMmijii-WXc",{"id":1414,"title":1415,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1416,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1420,"exampleAudio":1426,"examples":1427,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1443,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1444,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1445,"meta":1451,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":1452,"path":1453,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1454,"seo":1459,"slug":1447,"stem":1460,"tier":94,"translation":1461,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1462,"pinyin":1446},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyi2-ge4.md","Yi2 Ge4",{"type":45,"value":1417,"toc":1424},[1418,1421],[48,1419,1420],{},"一个 (yí gè) is the most frequently used number-plus-measure-word combination in Mandarin. 个 (gè) is the default general measure word used for people and a wide range of objects when no more specific classifier exists. The numeral 一 (yī, one) changes tone to second tone (yí) before a fourth-tone syllable due to tone sandhi.",[48,1422,1423],{},"Beyond simple counting, 一个 often functions as an indefinite article equivalent, introducing a new noun into discourse much like \"a\u002Fan\" in English: 他是一个老师 (He is a teacher). This indefinite-article function makes 一个 one of the most grammatically useful sequences at this level.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1425},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1428,1431,1434,1437,1440],{"sentence":1429,"translation":1430,"audio":43},"我有一个姐姐。","I have one older sister.",{"sentence":1432,"translation":1433,"audio":43},"请给我一个苹果。","Please give me one apple.",{"sentence":1435,"translation":1436,"audio":43},"他是一个非常负责任的人。","He is a very responsible person.",{"sentence":1438,"translation":1439,"audio":43},"桌上放着一个苹果。","There is an apple on the table.",{"sentence":1441,"translation":1442,"audio":43},"我认识一个画家。","I know a painter.",32,"一个",{"pinyin":1446,"pinyinNumeric":1447,"simplified":1444,"traditional":1448,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1449,"toneSequence":1450},"yí gè","yi2-ge4","一個",[73,128],[53,209],{},"numeral","\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyi2-ge4",[1455,1456,1457,1458,261],"ge4","zhe4-ge0","na4-ge0","yi3-jing1",{"description":1420},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyi2-ge4","one (with general measure word)","GX9VywuYbZ-c5-svYLtmLqQVqbzB-x4Ze9yv9qOxg98",{"id":1464,"title":1465,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1466,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1470,"exampleAudio":1476,"examples":1477,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1493,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1494,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1495,"meta":1500,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":258,"path":1501,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1502,"seo":1503,"slug":963,"stem":1504,"tier":94,"translation":1505,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1506,"pinyin":1496},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Flai2.md","Lai2",{"type":45,"value":1467,"toc":1474},[1468,1471],[48,1469,1470],{},"来 (lái) is the counterpart to 去 (qù, to go), indicating movement toward the speaker or a reference point. As a directional complement appended to other verbs, 来 signals movement toward the speaker: 拿来 (bring here), 进来 (come in), 上来 (come up). This directional complement system is a key feature of Mandarin verb grammar.",[48,1472,1473],{},"The simplified character 来 and its traditional form 來 both derive from a pictograph of a wheat or barley plant. The word originally meant \"wheat arriving\" (i.e., the harvest coming), and its meaning generalised to \"to come.\" It appears in many common expressions including 来得及 (lái de jí, to have enough time) and 将来 (jiānglái, the future).",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1475},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1478,1481,1484,1487,1490],{"sentence":1479,"translation":1480,"audio":43},"你什么时候来？","When are you coming?",{"sentence":1482,"translation":1483,"audio":43},"欢迎来中国！","Welcome to China!",{"sentence":1485,"translation":1486,"audio":43},"他从上海来的。","He came from Shanghai.",{"sentence":1488,"translation":1489,"audio":43},"再来一杯咖啡，谢谢。","Another cup of coffee, please.",{"sentence":1491,"translation":1492,"audio":43},"让我来介绍一下自己。","Let me introduce myself.",33,"来",{"pinyin":1496,"pinyinNumeric":963,"simplified":1494,"traditional":1497,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1498,"toneSequence":1499},"lái","來",[126],[53],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Flai2",[957,964,301,965,614],{"description":1470},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Flai2","to come","kviOFBEvUboGKJIABhxhCNIz3JbTl9GYWRFPYr6nCZ0",{"id":1508,"title":1509,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1510,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1514,"exampleAudio":1520,"examples":1521,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1537,"hskLevel":53,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1538,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1539,"meta":1544,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":305,"path":1545,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1546,"seo":1551,"slug":1541,"stem":1552,"tier":94,"translation":1553,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1554,"pinyin":1540},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fba3.md","Ba3",{"type":45,"value":1511,"toc":1518},[1512,1515],[48,1513,1514],{},"把 (bǎ) is the marker of the \"disposal construction\" - one of the most important grammatical structures in Mandarin. A 把 sentence moves the object before the verb to emphasise what happens to it: 我关门 (I close the door) becomes 我把门关上 (I closed the door shut), emphasising the disposal or result affecting the object. The verb in a 把 sentence must carry a resultative or directional complement or some other element showing completion.",[48,1516,1517],{},"The character originally depicted a hand grasping a handle, and its literal meaning \"handle, grip\" is preserved in measure-word uses like 一把刀 (a knife, literally \"one handle of knife\") and 一把椅子 (a chair). This concrete meaning of grasping\u002Fhandling underlies the abstract grammatical function of disposing of or doing something to an object.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1519},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1522,1525,1528,1531,1534],{"sentence":1523,"translation":1524,"audio":43},"请把门关上。","Please close the door.",{"sentence":1526,"translation":1527,"audio":43},"他把书放在桌子上了。","He put the book on the table.",{"sentence":1529,"translation":1530,"audio":43},"我把手机忘在家里了。","I left my phone at home.",{"sentence":1532,"translation":1533,"audio":43},"她把窗户打开了。","She opened the window.",{"sentence":1535,"translation":1536,"audio":43},"请把垃圾扔掉。","Please throw the rubbish away.",34,"把",{"pinyin":1540,"pinyinNumeric":1541,"simplified":1538,"traditional":1538,"hskLevel":53,"strokeCount":1542,"toneSequence":1543},"bǎ","ba3",[126],[128],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fba3",[1547,1548,1549,1550,873],"rang4","gei3","bei4","zuo4",{"description":1514},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fba3","to take, handle; disposal marker","cxssnkk2qkIK0Yq1FxeUcVCf2oc_Vi74joiuadKttuw",{"id":1556,"title":1557,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1558,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1562,"exampleAudio":1568,"examples":1569,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1585,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1586,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1587,"meta":1592,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":524,"path":1593,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1594,"seo":1596,"slug":264,"stem":1597,"tier":94,"translation":1598,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1599,"pinyin":1588},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdui4.md","Dui4",{"type":45,"value":1559,"toc":1566},[1560,1563],[48,1561,1562],{},"对 (duì) functions in multiple grammatical roles: as an adjective meaning \"correct\" or \"right,\" as a preposition meaning \"toward\" or \"regarding\" (对我来说, as for me), and in compounds meaning \"a pair\" (一对, a couple\u002Fpair). As an interjection it confirms what someone has said, equivalent to \"right,\" \"correct,\" or \"exactly.\"",[48,1564,1565],{},"The traditional form 對 shows a hand on the left and a \"mound\u002Fancient measure\" on the right, originally depicting alignment or matching. This sense of \"matching, being correct\" remains central. The preposition use - 对你说 (to say to you), 对他好 (to be good to him) - is extremely productive and one of the key grammar patterns learners need to master early.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1567},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1570,1573,1576,1579,1582],{"sentence":1571,"translation":1572,"audio":43},"对，你说得对。","Right, you are correct.",{"sentence":1574,"translation":1575,"audio":43},"他对我很好。","He is very good to me.",{"sentence":1577,"translation":1578,"audio":43},"这个答案不对。","This answer is not correct.",{"sentence":1580,"translation":1581,"audio":43},"妈妈对孩子很有耐心。","Mum is very patient with the children.",{"sentence":1583,"translation":1584,"audio":43},"你对中国了解多少？","How much do you know about China?",35,"对",{"pinyin":1588,"pinyinNumeric":264,"simplified":1586,"traditional":1589,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1590,"toneSequence":1591},"duì","對",[82],[209],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdui4",[90,520,1010,660,1595],"bu2-shi4",{"description":1562},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdui4","correct, right; toward; pair","MbpJokyg5KofYJxq8Ru6YdScSqzCkLfaYWUllIMyc-Q",{"id":1601,"title":1602,"adjective":43,"audio":43,"author":43,"body":1603,"cefrLevel":43,"date":43,"description":1607,"exampleAudio":1613,"examples":1614,"extension":72,"faqs":43,"frequencyRank":1630,"hskLevel":73,"images":43,"intro":43,"ipa":52,"ipaSecondary":43,"language":74,"lastUpdated":43,"lemma":1631,"lessonNumber":73,"mandarin":1632,"meta":1637,"navigation":38,"noun":43,"partOfSpeech":258,"path":1638,"pronoun":43,"relatedWords":1639,"seo":1640,"slug":263,"stem":1641,"tier":94,"translation":1642,"verb":43,"verbSlugs":43,"__hash__":1643,"pinyin":1633},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fmei2-you3.md","Mei2 You3",{"type":45,"value":1604,"toc":1611},[1605,1608],[48,1606,1607],{},"没有 (méi yǒu) serves two essential negative functions in Mandarin. First, it negates possession: 我没有车 (I do not have a car), the negative counterpart of 有 (to have). Second, it negates past action, where 不 cannot be used: 我没有去 (I did not go), not 我不去 which means \"I am not going\" (future\u002Fhabitual).",[48,1609,1610],{},"The 没\u002F不 distinction is one of the most important grammar points for learners: 不 negates present\u002Ffuture\u002Fhabitual actions and states, while 没 (short for 没有) negates completed or past actions. In speech 没有 is often shortened to just 没 (méi), particularly in rapid conversation.",{"title":52,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1612},[],[43,43,43,43,43],[1615,1618,1621,1624,1627],{"sentence":1616,"translation":1617,"audio":43},"我没有钱。","I do not have any money.",{"sentence":1619,"translation":1620,"audio":43},"你去过那里吗？没有，我没有去过。","Have you been there? No, I have not been.",{"sentence":1622,"translation":1623,"audio":43},"他今天没有来上班。","He did not come to work today.",{"sentence":1625,"translation":1626,"audio":43},"他没有兄弟姐妹。","He doesn't have any siblings.",{"sentence":1628,"translation":1629,"audio":43},"我们没有别的办法。","We have no other choice.",36,"没有",{"pinyin":1633,"pinyinNumeric":263,"simplified":1631,"traditional":1634,"hskLevel":73,"strokeCount":1635,"toneSequence":1636},"méi yǒu","沒有",[126,297],[53,128],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fmei2-you3",[261,435,262,1595,614],{"description":1607},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fmei2-you3","do not have; have not; not (past 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