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Its character depicts a person departing - the top component suggests a person and the bottom suggests movement away. As a directional complement, 去 can follow other verbs to indicate movement away from the speaker, contrasting with 来 (lái), which indicates movement toward the speaker.",[45,4781,4782],{},"In everyday speech, 去 appears in countless fixed expressions and compound words. It pairs naturally with destinations (去学校, go to school; 去医院, go to hospital) and can serve as a complement after verbs of motion to specify direction. The verb is used in both formal and informal registers without variation.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":4784},[],{"summary":4786,"origin":2074,"root":4787},"去 (qù) shows a person above an enclosure or opening, an image of leaving a place. 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Its actual pronunciation varies depending on the final sound of the preceding syllable - it can become ya, wa, na, nga, or ra in connected speech, though it is written as 啊 in all cases.",[45,5116,5117],{},"As a sentence-final particle, 啊 makes assertions sound less abrupt and more friendly compared to bare statements. It is especially common in casual spoken Mandarin and in expressions of admiration, surprise, or gentle commands.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":5119},[],{"summary":5121,"origin":54,"root":5122},"The exclamatory particle 啊 is a phono-semantic compound: the mouth radical 口 marks it as a spoken sound, and 阿 (ā) supplies the pronunciation. 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Context disambiguates between these readings. As a future marker it is less formal than 将 (jiāng) and very common in spoken Mandarin.",[45,5273,5274],{},"The character originally depicted a woman with hands on her waist, signifying a demand or requirement. In modern usage, 要 spans casual requests (\"I want...\"), polite needs (\"I need...\"), and future intent (\"I am going to...\"), making it one of the most versatile words at this frequency level. Its negative form 不要 (bú yào) means \"don't\" in imperative sentences.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":5276},[],{"summary":5278,"origin":285,"root":5279},"要 (yào) means 'to want, need, will'. The character derives from an early pictograph of a person with both hands on the waist (its original sense, now written 腰 yāo with the flesh radical); the meaning 'to want, demand' is a later extension.","要, originally depicting hands on a person's waist",[40,40,40,40,40],[5282,5285,5288,5291,5294],{"sentence":5283,"translation":5284,"audio":40},"我要一杯茶。","I want a cup of tea.",{"sentence":5286,"translation":5287,"audio":40},"你要去哪里？","Where do you want to go?",{"sentence":5289,"translation":5290,"audio":40},"明天要早点起床。","You need to get up early tomorrow.",{"sentence":5292,"translation":5293,"audio":40},"我要一杯热牛奶。","I want a cup of hot milk.",{"sentence":5295,"translation":5296,"audio":40},"明天要早点出门。","We need to leave early tomorrow.",[5298,5315,5330,5351,5379],[5299,5302,5305,5308,5311,5314],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":5300},[5301],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":3602,"slug":4827,"ruby":5303},[5304],{"base":3602,"pinyin":2722},{"text":389,"slug":390,"ruby":5306},[5307],{"base":389,"pinyin":393},{"text":395,"slug":396,"ruby":5309},[5310],{"base":395,"pinyin":399},{"text":3877,"slug":3878,"ruby":5312},[5313],{"base":3877,"pinyin":3881},{"text":106},[5316,5319,5322,5325,5329],{"text":352,"slug":353,"ruby":5317},[5318],{"base":352,"pinyin":356},{"text":3602,"slug":4827,"ruby":5320},[5321],{"base":3602,"pinyin":2722},{"text":1028,"slug":1029,"ruby":5323},[5324],{"base":1028,"pinyin":1032},{"text":443,"slug":444,"ruby":5326},[5327,5328],{"base":447,"pinyin":448},{"base":450,"pinyin":319},{"text":598},[5331,5335,5338,5341,5344,5347,5350],{"text":1053,"slug":1054,"ruby":5332},[5333,5334],{"base":321,"pinyin":325},{"base":370,"pinyin":371},{"text":3602,"slug":4827,"ruby":5336},[5337],{"base":3602,"pinyin":2722},{"text":377,"slug":1308,"ruby":5339},[5340],{"base":377,"pinyin":378},{"text":4330,"slug":4495,"ruby":5342},[5343],{"base":4330,"pinyin":4331},{"text":1312,"slug":1313,"ruby":5345},[5346],{"base":1312,"pinyin":1316},{"text":1318,"slug":1319,"ruby":5348},[5349],{"base":1318,"pinyin":1322},{"text":106},[5352,5355,5358,5361,5364,5367,5372,5378],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":5353},[5354],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":3602,"slug":4827,"ruby":5356},[5357],{"base":3602,"pinyin":2722},{"text":389,"slug":390,"ruby":5359},[5360],{"base":389,"pinyin":393},{"text":395,"slug":396,"ruby":5362},[5363],{"base":395,"pinyin":399},{"text":3871,"slug":3872,"ruby":5365},[5366],{"base":3871,"pinyin":3875},{"text":5368,"ruby":5369},"牛",[5370],{"base":5368,"pinyin":5371},"niú",{"text":5373,"slug":5374,"ruby":5375},"奶","nai3-nai0",[5376],{"base":5373,"pinyin":5377},"nǎi",{"text":106},[5380,5384,5387,5390,5393,5399,5405],{"text":1053,"slug":1054,"ruby":5381},[5382,5383],{"base":321,"pinyin":325},{"base":370,"pinyin":371},{"text":3602,"slug":4827,"ruby":5385},[5386],{"base":3602,"pinyin":2722},{"text":377,"slug":1308,"ruby":5388},[5389],{"base":377,"pinyin":378},{"text":4330,"slug":4495,"ruby":5391},[5392],{"base":4330,"pinyin":4331},{"text":5394,"slug":5395,"ruby":5396},"出","chu1",[5397],{"base":5394,"pinyin":5398},"chū",{"text":5400,"slug":5401,"ruby":5402},"门","men2-2",[5403],{"base":5400,"pinyin":5404},"mén",{"text":106},{"line":5407,"colour":5408},"\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fyao4-line.svg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fyao4-colour.svg",{"pinyin":2722,"pinyinNumeric":4827,"simplified":3602,"traditional":3602,"hskLevel":240,"strokeCount":5410,"toneSequence":5411},[2179],[892],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyao4",[255],[5416,5417,1330,3331],"xu1-yao4","bu2-yao4",[5419,5422,5425,5427],{"slug":5416,"lemma":5420,"translation":5421},"需要","to need, to require",{"slug":5417,"lemma":5423,"translation":5424},"不要","do not (imperative negation)",{"slug":1330,"lemma":1329,"translation":5426},"to think; to want; to miss",{"slug":3331,"lemma":3330,"translation":5428},"can, may (permission or possibility)",{"description":5271},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fyao4","to want; will; need to","2H-4xM7AatxO3igSlyJg7nCLcNBl1SQclEw1Lu3ctq0",{"id":5434,"title":5435,"adjective":40,"audio":40,"author":40,"body":5436,"cefrLevel":40,"date":40,"description":5440,"etymology":5446,"exampleAudio":5450,"examples":5451,"examplesLinkified":5467,"exercises":40,"extension":239,"faqs":40,"frequencyRank":5609,"gcseTier":40,"hskLevel":240,"images":5610,"intro":40,"ipa":49,"ipaSecondary":40,"language":244,"lastUpdated":40,"lemma":4376,"lessonNumber":240,"mandarin":5613,"meta":5616,"navigation":251,"noun":40,"partOfSpeech":2187,"path":5617,"pronoun":40,"qualifications":5618,"relatedWords":5619,"relatedWordsResolved":5620,"seo":5628,"slug":4377,"stem":5629,"surfaceForms":40,"tier":273,"translation":4561,"verb":40,"verbSlugs":40,"__hash__":5630,"pinyin":4380},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fye3.md","Ye3",{"type":42,"value":5437,"toc":5444},[5438,5441],[45,5439,5440],{},"也 (yě) is the standard additive adverb in Mandarin, equivalent to \"also\" or \"too\" in English. Unlike English where \"too\" typically appears at the end of a sentence, 也 must be placed directly before the verb or adjective it modifies. It cannot appear at the end of a clause.",[45,5442,5443],{},"也 differs from 还 (hái, also\u002Fstill) in that 也 emphasises addition or similarity (a second entity sharing the same predicate), while 还 more often means \"in addition\" or \"still.\" In formal and written contexts 也 can take on a concessive meaning (\"even if... also...\"), as in 再忙也要吃饭 (\"No matter how busy, one must still eat\").",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":5445},[],{"summary":5447,"origin":5448,"root":5449},"也 (yě) means 'also, too'. The character is generally taken to derive from an ancient pictograph; the depicted object is uncertain (a serpent or a vessel are both proposed), and the modern grammatical sense 'also' is a phonetic loan unrelated to the original picture.","pictograph (depicted object debated)","也, an ancient pictograph borrowed phonetically for the grammatical sense",[40,40,40,40,40],[5452,5455,5458,5461,5464],{"sentence":5453,"translation":5454,"audio":40},"我去，你也去吗？","I am going - are you going too?",{"sentence":5456,"translation":5457,"audio":40},"我喜欢这本书，他也喜欢。","I like this book, and he likes it too.",{"sentence":5459,"translation":5460,"audio":40},"这道菜很好吃，也很便宜。","This dish is very tasty and also very cheap.",{"sentence":5462,"translation":5463,"audio":40},"我也想跟你们一起去。","I also want to go with you.",{"sentence":5465,"translation":5466,"audio":40},"她不饿，我也不饿。","She is not hungry, and neither am I.",[5468,5489,5518,5554,5582],[5469,5472,5475,5476,5479,5482,5485,5488],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":5470},[5471],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":1028,"slug":1029,"ruby":5473},[5474],{"base":1028,"pinyin":1032},{"text":327},{"text":352,"slug":353,"ruby":5477},[5478],{"base":352,"pinyin":356},{"text":4376,"slug":4377,"ruby":5480},[5481],{"base":4376,"pinyin":4380},{"text":1028,"slug":1029,"ruby":5483},[5484],{"base":1028,"pinyin":1032},{"text":624,"slug":625,"ruby":5486},[5487],{"base":624,"pinyin":125},{"text":598},[5490,5493,5497,5500,5503,5506,5507,5510,5513,5517],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":5491},[5492],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":481,"slug":482,"ruby":5494},[5495,5496],{"base":485,"pinyin":486},{"base":488,"pinyin":489},{"text":76,"slug":77,"ruby":5498},[5499],{"base":76,"pinyin":80},{"text":1520,"slug":1521,"ruby":5501},[5502],{"base":1520,"pinyin":1524},{"text":100,"slug":101,"ruby":5504},[5505],{"base":100,"pinyin":104},{"text":327},{"text":432,"slug":433,"ruby":5508},[5509],{"base":432,"pinyin":113},{"text":4376,"slug":4377,"ruby":5511},[5512],{"base":4376,"pinyin":4380},{"text":481,"slug":482,"ruby":5514},[5515,5516],{"base":485,"pinyin":486},{"base":488,"pinyin":489},{"text":106},[5519,5522,5526,5529,5532,5536,5537,5540,5543,5553],{"text":76,"slug":77,"ruby":5520},[5521],{"base":76,"pinyin":80},{"text":429,"slug":5523,"ruby":5524},"dao4-2",[5525],{"base":429,"pinyin":430},{"text":3018,"ruby":5527},[5528],{"base":3018,"pinyin":3021},{"text":127,"slug":128,"ruby":5530},[5531],{"base":127,"pinyin":131},{"text":2671,"slug":2672,"ruby":5533},[5534,5535],{"base":133,"pinyin":137},{"base":638,"pinyin":639},{"text":327},{"text":4376,"slug":4377,"ruby":5538},[5539],{"base":4376,"pinyin":4380},{"text":127,"slug":128,"ruby":5541},[5542],{"base":127,"pinyin":131},{"text":5544,"slug":5545,"ruby":5546},"便宜","pian2-yi0",[5547,5550],{"base":5548,"pinyin":5549},"便","pián",{"base":5551,"pinyin":5552},"宜","yi",{"text":106},[5555,5558,5561,5564,5570,5574,5578,5581],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":5556},[5557],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":4376,"slug":4377,"ruby":5559},[5560],{"base":4376,"pinyin":4380},{"text":1329,"slug":1330,"ruby":5562},[5563],{"base":1329,"pinyin":1333},{"text":5565,"slug":5566,"ruby":5567},"跟","gen1",[5568],{"base":5565,"pinyin":5569},"gēn",{"text":707,"slug":699,"ruby":5571},[5572,5573],{"base":352,"pinyin":356},{"base":978,"pinyin":979},{"text":1594,"slug":1595,"ruby":5575},[5576,5577],{"base":389,"pinyin":771},{"base":1312,"pinyin":1316},{"text":1028,"slug":1029,"ruby":5579},[5580],{"base":1028,"pinyin":1032},{"text":106},[5583,5586,5589,5595,5596,5599,5602,5605,5608],{"text":109,"slug":110,"ruby":5584},[5585],{"base":109,"pinyin":113},{"text":416,"slug":417,"ruby":5587},[5588],{"base":416,"pinyin":420},{"text":5590,"slug":5591,"ruby":5592},"饿","e4-2",[5593],{"base":5590,"pinyin":5594},"è",{"text":327},{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":5597},[5598],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":4376,"slug":4377,"ruby":5600},[5601],{"base":4376,"pinyin":4380},{"text":416,"slug":417,"ruby":5603},[5604],{"base":416,"pinyin":420},{"text":5590,"slug":5591,"ruby":5606},[5607],{"base":5590,"pinyin":5594},{"text":106},25,{"line":5611,"colour":5612},"\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fye3-line.svg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fye3-colour.svg",{"pinyin":4380,"pinyinNumeric":4377,"simplified":4376,"traditional":4376,"hskLevel":240,"strokeCount":5614,"toneSequence":5615},[515],[515],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fye3",[255],[1701,4558,2311,4377,5566],[5621,5622,5623,5625,5626],{"slug":1701,"lemma":1700,"translation":4572},{"slug":4558,"lemma":4568,"translation":4569},{"slug":2311,"lemma":2310,"translation":5624},"and; 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們 also carries the 亻(person) radical with 門 (mén) as phonetic, marking a human plural. 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A key grammatical restriction is that 和 can only join nouns and pronouns - it cannot coordinate verb phrases or clauses the way \"and\" does in English. For clauses, Mandarin uses other connectors or simply juxtaposes them.",[45,5823,5824],{},"The character 和 originally depicted grain in a vessel, suggesting harmony and balance - meanings that persist in words like 和平 (hépíng, peace) and 和谐 (héxié, harmony). When used as a preposition meaning \"with\" (我和你一起去, \"I'll go with you\"), 和 is interchangeable with 跟 (gēn) in most contexts.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":5826},[],{"summary":5828,"origin":54,"root":5829},"和 (hé) means 'and, harmony'. It pairs 禾 (hé, 'grain', here the phonetic) with 口 (mouth); the original sense related to vocal harmony, later broadening to 'together with' and the conjunction 'and'.","禾 (hé, grain, phonetic) + 口 (mouth)",[40,40,40,40,40],[5832,5835,5838,5841,5844],{"sentence":5833,"translation":5834,"audio":40},"我和他是同学。","He and I are classmates.",{"sentence":5836,"translation":5837,"audio":40},"苹果和香蕉都很好吃。","Apples and bananas are both delicious.",{"sentence":5839,"translation":5840,"audio":40},"请把书和笔放在桌子上。","Please put the book and pen on the table.",{"sentence":5842,"translation":5843,"audio":40},"我和朋友去看电影。","My friends and I are going to see a film.",{"sentence":5845,"translation":5846,"audio":40},"猫和狗都是动物。","Cats and dogs are both 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The context and what follows the verb determines which meaning is active.",[45,6025,6026],{},"The character combines the \"heart\u002Fmind\" radical (心) at the bottom with a phonetic component above, reflecting its cognitive and emotional range. Compared to 要 (yào, to want), 想 expresses a softer, more tentative desire - 我想喝水 (\"I would like some water\") is more polite than 我要喝水 (\"I want water\").",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":6028},[],{"summary":6030,"origin":54,"root":6031},"The character 想 (xiǎng) 'to think, to want, to miss' is a phono-semantic compound: the 心 'heart\u002Fmind' radical beneath supplies the meaning, while 相 (xiāng) above gives the sound.","相 (xiāng, phonetic) + 心 (heart radical)",[40,40,40,40,40],[6034,6037,6040,6043,6046],{"sentence":6035,"translation":6036,"audio":40},"我想喝一杯水。","I want to drink a glass of water.",{"sentence":6038,"translation":6039,"audio":40},"你在想什么？","What are you thinking about?",{"sentence":6041,"translation":6042,"audio":40},"我很想我的家人。","I miss my family very much.",{"sentence":6044,"translation":6045,"audio":40},"他想出国念书。","He wants to study abroad.",{"sentence":6047,"translation":6048,"audio":40},"我想喝一杯茶。","I would like a cup of tea.",[6050,6073,6088,6111,6134],[6051,6054,6057,6060,6063,6066,6072],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":6052},[6053],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":1329,"slug":1330,"ruby":6055},[6056],{"base":1329,"pinyin":1333},{"text":383,"slug":384,"ruby":6058},[6059],{"base":383,"pinyin":387},{"text":389,"slug":390,"ruby":6061},[6062],{"base":389,"pinyin":393},{"text":395,"slug":396,"ruby":6064},[6065],{"base":395,"pinyin":399},{"text":6067,"slug":6068,"ruby":6069},"水","shui3",[6070],{"base":6067,"pinyin":6071},"shuǐ",{"text":106},[6074,6077,6080,6083,6087],{"text":352,"slug":353,"ruby":6075},[6076],{"base":352,"pinyin":356},{"text":437,"slug":438,"ruby":6078},[6079],{"base":437,"pinyin":441},{"text":1329,"slug":1330,"ruby":6081},[6082],{"base":1329,"pinyin":1333},{"text":579,"slug":580,"ruby":6084},[6085,6086],{"base":583,"pinyin":584},{"base":586,"pinyin":587},{"text":598},[6089,6092,6095,6098,6101,6104,6110],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":6090},[6091],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":127,"slug":128,"ruby":6093},[6094],{"base":127,"pinyin":131},{"text":1329,"slug":1330,"ruby":6096},[6097],{"base":1329,"pinyin":1333},{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":6099},[6100],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":94,"slug":95,"ruby":6102},[6103],{"base":94,"pinyin":98},{"text":6105,"slug":6106,"ruby":6107},"家人","jia1-ren2",[6108,6109],{"base":1412,"pinyin":1413},{"base":470,"pinyin":474},{"text":106},[6112,6115,6118,6121,6124,6130,6133],{"text":432,"slug":433,"ruby":6113},[6114],{"base":432,"pinyin":113},{"text":1329,"slug":1330,"ruby":6116},[6117],{"base":1329,"pinyin":1333},{"text":5394,"slug":5395,"ruby":6119},[6120],{"base":5394,"pinyin":5398},{"text":467,"slug":4627,"ruby":6122},[6123],{"base":467,"pinyin":468},{"text":6125,"slug":6126,"ruby":6127},"念","xiang3-nian4",[6128],{"base":6125,"pinyin":6129},"niàn",{"text":100,"slug":101,"ruby":6131},[6132],{"base":100,"pinyin":104},{"text":106},[6135,6138,6141,6144,6147,6150,6153],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":6136},[6137],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":1329,"slug":1330,"ruby":6139},[6140],{"base":1329,"pinyin":1333},{"text":383,"slug":384,"ruby":6142},[6143],{"base":383,"pinyin":387},{"text":389,"slug":390,"ruby":6145},[6146],{"base":389,"pinyin":393},{"text":395,"slug":396,"ruby":6148},[6149],{"base":395,"pinyin":399},{"text":3877,"slug":3878,"ruby":6151},[6152],{"base":3877,"pinyin":3881},{"text":106},29,{"line":6156,"colour":6157},"\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fxiang3-line.svg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fxiang3-colour.svg",{"pinyin":1333,"pinyinNumeric":1330,"simplified":1329,"traditional":1329,"hskLevel":240,"strokeCount":6159,"toneSequence":6160},[3445],[515],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fxiang3",[255],[4827,4084,423,6165,482],"ke3-neng2",[6167,6168,6169,6170,6173],{"slug":4827,"lemma":3602,"translation":5431},{"slug":4084,"lemma":4093,"translation":4094},{"slug":423,"lemma":422,"translation":4097},{"slug":6165,"lemma":6171,"translation":6172},"可能","possibly, maybe; 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It appears as a radical in hundreds of characters related to people and human activities, including 他 (tā, he), 你 (nǐ, you), and 们 (men, plural suffix).",[45,6187,6188],{},"Beyond its literal meaning of \"person\" or \"people,\" 人 features in countless compound words and expressions: 中国人 (Chinese person), 工人 (worker), 大人 (adult), 人民 (the people). Its radical form appears on the left side of many characters as 亻 (the \"standing person\" radical), demonstrating how foundational this concept is to the writing system.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":6190},[],{"summary":6192,"origin":285,"root":6193},"人 (rén) is a pictograph of a standing human figure seen in profile, with the two strokes representing the legs. 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This distinguishes it from 能 (néng), which expresses capacity or permission in the moment rather than learned skill or future expectation.",[45,6343,6344],{},"The traditional form 会 shows a complex structure combining \"gathering\" with a phonetic element - the character originally meant \"to gather, to meet,\" a meaning preserved in 开会 (kāihuì, to hold a meeting) and 机会 (jīhuì, opportunity). Simplified to 会, it now most commonly functions as the modal \"can\u002Fwill\" in everyday speech.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":6346},[],{"summary":6348,"origin":1568,"root":6349},"会 (huì) means 'can, to know how to; meeting'. It is the simplified form of 會, which depicted a lid over a container of gathered things, conveying the idea of coming together; the senses of 'meeting' and 'being able' developed from this.","会 (simplified from 會, a lid over gathered contents, suggesting coming together)",[40,40,40,40,40],[6352,6355,6358,6361,6364],{"sentence":6353,"translation":6354,"audio":40},"你会说中国话吗？","Can you speak Chinese?",{"sentence":6356,"translation":6357,"audio":40},"他明天会来。","He will come tomorrow.",{"sentence":6359,"translation":6360,"audio":40},"我不会游泳。","I do not know how to swim.",{"sentence":6362,"translation":6363,"audio":40},"她会三种语言。","She speaks three languages.",{"sentence":6365,"translation":6366,"audio":40},"下午可能会下雨。","It may rain this afternoon.",[6368,6390,6405,6426,6451],[6369,6372,6375,6378,6382,6386,6389],{"text":352,"slug":353,"ruby":6370},[6371],{"base":352,"pinyin":356},{"text":604,"slug":605,"ruby":6373},[6374],{"base":604,"pinyin":608},{"text":610,"slug":611,"ruby":6376},[6377],{"base":610,"pinyin":614},{"text":3060,"slug":3061,"ruby":6379},[6380,6381],{"base":3064,"pinyin":817},{"base":467,"pinyin":468},{"text":3904,"slug":6383,"ruby":6384},"hua4",[6385],{"base":3904,"pinyin":3421},{"text":624,"slug":625,"ruby":6387},[6388],{"base":624,"pinyin":125},{"text":598},[6391,6394,6398,6401,6404],{"text":432,"slug":433,"ruby":6392},[6393],{"base":432,"pinyin":113},{"text":1053,"slug":1054,"ruby":6395},[6396,6397],{"base":321,"pinyin":325},{"base":370,"pinyin":371},{"text":604,"slug":605,"ruby":6399},[6400],{"base":604,"pinyin":608},{"text":1062,"slug":1063,"ruby":6402},[6403],{"base":1062,"pinyin":1066},{"text":106},[6406,6409,6415,6425],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":6407},[6408],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":6410,"slug":6411,"ruby":6412},"不会","bu2-hui4",[6413,6414],{"base":416,"pinyin":2131},{"base":604,"pinyin":608},{"text":6416,"slug":6417,"ruby":6418},"游泳","you2-yong3",[6419,6422],{"base":6420,"pinyin":6421},"游","yóu",{"base":6423,"pinyin":6424},"泳","yǒng",{"text":106},[6427,6430,6433,6436,6442,6445,6450],{"text":109,"slug":110,"ruby":6428},[6429],{"base":109,"pinyin":113},{"text":604,"slug":605,"ruby":6431},[6432],{"base":604,"pinyin":608},{"text":3572,"slug":3573,"ruby":6434},[6435],{"base":3572,"pinyin":3576},{"text":6437,"slug":6438,"ruby":6439},"种","zhong3",[6440],{"base":6437,"pinyin":6441},"zhǒng",{"text":619,"ruby":6443},[6444],{"base":619,"pinyin":622},{"text":6446,"ruby":6447},"言",[6448],{"base":6446,"pinyin":6449},"yán",{"text":106},[6452,6460,6466,6469,6472,6475],{"text":6453,"slug":6454,"ruby":6455},"下午","xia4-wu3",[6456,6457],{"base":1552,"pinyin":2173},{"base":6458,"pinyin":6459},"午","wǔ",{"text":6171,"slug":6165,"ruby":6461},[6462,6463],{"base":3334,"pinyin":3335},{"base":6464,"pinyin":6465},"能","néng",{"text":604,"slug":605,"ruby":6467},[6468],{"base":604,"pinyin":608},{"text":1552,"slug":1543,"ruby":6470},[6471],{"base":1552,"pinyin":2173},{"text":2175,"ruby":6473},[6474],{"base":2175,"pinyin":622},{"text":106},31,{"line":6478,"colour":6479},"\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fhui4-line.svg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fhui4-colour.svg",{"pinyin":608,"pinyinNumeric":605,"simplified":604,"traditional":6481,"hskLevel":240,"strokeCount":6482,"toneSequence":6483},"會",[1356],[892],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhui4",[255],[3331,6488,6411,6489,4827],"neng2","bu4-neng2",[6491,6492,6494,6496,6499],{"slug":3331,"lemma":3330,"translation":5428},{"slug":6488,"lemma":6464,"translation":6493},"can, to be able to (physical capacity)",{"slug":6411,"lemma":6410,"translation":6495},"cannot, does not know how to; will not",{"slug":6489,"lemma":6497,"translation":6498},"不能","cannot, must not (prohibition or incapacity)",{"slug":4827,"lemma":3602,"translation":5431},{"description":6341},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fhui4","can, to know how to; will; meeting","8uT_dc8aGFBkZALoplNRxwig23gBARF8e56aM7G0br0",{"id":6505,"title":6506,"adjective":40,"audio":40,"author":40,"body":6507,"cefrLevel":40,"date":40,"description":6511,"etymology":6517,"exampleAudio":6520,"examples":6521,"examplesLinkified":6537,"exercises":40,"extension":239,"faqs":40,"frequencyRank":6660,"gcseTier":40,"hskLevel":240,"images":6661,"intro":40,"ipa":49,"ipaSecondary":40,"language":244,"lastUpdated":40,"lemma":1062,"lessonNumber":240,"mandarin":6664,"meta":6668,"navigation":251,"noun":40,"partOfSpeech":3618,"path":6669,"pronoun":40,"qualifications":6670,"relatedWords":6671,"relatedWordsResolved":6672,"seo":6678,"slug":1063,"stem":6679,"surfaceForms":40,"tier":273,"translation":4937,"verb":40,"verbSlugs":40,"__hash__":6680,"pinyin":1066},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Flai2.md","Lai2",{"type":42,"value":6508,"toc":6515},[6509,6512],[45,6510,6511],{},"来 (lái) is the counterpart to 去 (qù, to go), indicating movement toward the speaker or a reference point. As a directional complement appended to other verbs, 来 signals movement toward the speaker: 拿来 (bring here), 进来 (come in), 上来 (come up). This directional complement system is a key feature of Mandarin verb grammar.",[45,6513,6514],{},"The simplified character 来 and its traditional form 来 both derive from a pictograph of a wheat or barley plant. The word originally meant \"wheat arriving\" (i.e., the harvest coming), and its meaning generalised to \"to come.\" It appears in many common expressions including 来得及 (lái de jí, to have enough time) and 将来 (jiānglái, the future).",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":6516},[],{"summary":6518,"origin":285,"root":6519},"来 means to come. It was originally a pictograph of a wheat or barley plant with its hanging ears, later borrowed for the verb to come; simplified from 來.","来 (lái), originally a stalk of wheat",[40,40,40,40,40],[6522,6525,6528,6531,6534],{"sentence":6523,"translation":6524,"audio":40},"你什么时候来？","When are you coming?",{"sentence":6526,"translation":6527,"audio":40},"欢迎来中国！","Welcome to China!",{"sentence":6529,"translation":6530,"audio":40},"他从上海来的。","He came from Shanghai.",{"sentence":6532,"translation":6533,"audio":40},"再来一杯咖啡，谢谢。","Another cup of coffee, please.",{"sentence":6535,"translation":6536,"audio":40},"让我来介绍一下自己。","Let me introduce myself.",[6538,6556,6574,6597,6626],[6539,6542,6552,6555],{"text":352,"slug":353,"ruby":6540},[6541],{"base":352,"pinyin":356},{"text":6543,"slug":6544,"ruby":6545},"什么时候","shen2-me5-shi2-hou4",[6546,6547,6548,6549],{"base":583,"pinyin":584},{"base":586,"pinyin":587},{"base":1653,"pinyin":989},{"base":6550,"pinyin":6551},"候","hòu",{"text":1062,"slug":1063,"ruby":6553},[6554],{"base":1062,"pinyin":1066},{"text":598},[6557,6566,6569,6573],{"text":6558,"slug":6559,"ruby":6560},"欢迎","huan1-ying2",[6561,6563],{"base":488,"pinyin":6562},"huān",{"base":6564,"pinyin":6565},"迎","yíng",{"text":1062,"slug":1063,"ruby":6567},[6568],{"base":1062,"pinyin":1066},{"text":3060,"slug":3061,"ruby":6570},[6571,6572],{"base":3064,"pinyin":817},{"base":467,"pinyin":468},{"text":571},[6575,6578,6584,6587,6590,6593,6596],{"text":432,"slug":433,"ruby":6576},[6577],{"base":432,"pinyin":113},{"text":6579,"slug":6580,"ruby":6581},"从","cong2",[6582],{"base":6579,"pinyin":6583},"cóng",{"text":380,"slug":1450,"ruby":6585},[6586],{"base":380,"pinyin":381},{"text":4892,"slug":4893,"ruby":6588},[6589],{"base":4892,"pinyin":4896},{"text":1062,"slug":1063,"ruby":6591},[6592],{"base":1062,"pinyin":1066},{"text":94,"slug":95,"ruby":6594},[6595],{"base":94,"pinyin":98},{"text":106},[6598,6603,6606,6609,6612,6616,6617,6625],{"text":6599,"slug":6600,"ruby":6601},"再","zai4-2",[6602],{"base":6599,"pinyin":441},{"text":1062,"slug":1063,"ruby":6604},[6605],{"base":1062,"pinyin":1066},{"text":389,"slug":390,"ruby":6607},[6608],{"base":389,"pinyin":393},{"text":395,"slug":396,"ruby":6610},[6611],{"base":395,"pinyin":399},{"text":401,"slug":402,"ruby":6613},[6614,6615],{"base":405,"pinyin":406},{"base":408,"pinyin":409},{"text":327},{"text":6618,"slug":6619,"ruby":6620},"谢谢","xie4-xie4",[6621,6624],{"base":6622,"pinyin":6623},"谢","xiè",{"base":6622,"pinyin":6623},{"text":106},[6627,6633,6636,6639,6649,6653,6659],{"text":6628,"slug":6629,"ruby":6630},"让","rang4",[6631],{"base":6628,"pinyin":6632},"ràng",{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":6634},[6635],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":1062,"slug":1063,"ruby":6637},[6638],{"base":1062,"pinyin":1066},{"text":6640,"slug":6641,"ruby":6642},"介绍","jie4-shao4",[6643,6646],{"base":6644,"pinyin":6645},"介","jiè",{"base":6647,"pinyin":6648},"绍","shào",{"text":3741,"slug":3742,"ruby":6650},[6651,6652],{"base":389,"pinyin":3745},{"base":1552,"pinyin":2173},{"text":6325,"slug":6322,"ruby":6654},[6655,6656],{"base":1014,"pinyin":596},{"base":6657,"pinyin":6658},"己","jǐ",{"text":106},33,{"line":6662,"colour":6663},"\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Flai2-line.svg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Flai2-colour.svg",{"pinyin":1066,"pinyinNumeric":1063,"simplified":1062,"traditional":6665,"hskLevel":240,"strokeCount":6666,"toneSequence":6667},"來",[513],[50],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Flai2",[255],[1029,4934,438,2847,3623],[6673,6674,6675,6676,6677],{"slug":1029,"lemma":1028,"translation":4947},{"slug":4934,"lemma":4939,"translation":4940},{"slug":438,"lemma":437,"translation":1557},{"slug":2847,"lemma":2846,"translation":4943},{"slug":3623,"lemma":3632,"translation":3633},{"description":6511},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Flai2","Dnh_rgWGtmneHNXAXIzBM5LiTTxEeMimM6I_KpS6oxk",{"id":6682,"title":6683,"adjective":40,"audio":40,"author":40,"body":6684,"cefrLevel":40,"date":40,"description":6688,"etymology":6694,"exampleAudio":6697,"examples":6698,"examplesLinkified":6714,"exercises":40,"extension":239,"faqs":40,"frequencyRank":6811,"gcseTier":40,"hskLevel":240,"images":6812,"intro":40,"ipa":49,"ipaSecondary":40,"language":244,"lastUpdated":40,"lemma":1098,"lessonNumber":240,"mandarin":6815,"meta":6819,"navigation":251,"noun":40,"partOfSpeech":2912,"path":6820,"pronoun":40,"qualifications":6821,"relatedWords":6822,"relatedWordsResolved":6824,"seo":6833,"slug":1099,"stem":6834,"surfaceForms":40,"tier":273,"translation":2929,"verb":40,"verbSlugs":40,"__hash__":6835,"pinyin":1102},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdui4.md","Dui4",{"type":42,"value":6685,"toc":6692},[6686,6689],[45,6687,6688],{},"对 (duì) functions in multiple grammatical roles: as an adjective meaning \"correct\" or \"right,\" as a preposition meaning \"toward\" or \"regarding\" (对我来说, as for me), and in compounds meaning \"a pair\" (一对, a couple\u002Fpair). As an interjection it confirms what someone has said, equivalent to \"right,\" \"correct,\" or \"exactly.\"",[45,6690,6691],{},"The traditional form 对 shows a hand on the left and a \"mound\u002Fancient measure\" on the right, originally depicting alignment or matching. This sense of \"matching, being correct\" remains central. The preposition use - 对你说 (to say to you), 对他好 (to be good to him) - is extremely productive and one of the key grammar patterns learners need to master early.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":6693},[],{"summary":6695,"origin":2074,"root":6696},"对 (traditional 對) shows a hand 寸 responding to something, conveying 'to answer, to face, to match', extended to 'correct, right' and the preposition 'toward'. 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First, it negates possession: 我没有车 (I do not have a car), the negative counterpart of 有 (to have). Second, it negates past action, where 不 cannot be used: 我没有去 (I did not go), not 我不去 which means \"I am not going\" (future\u002Fhabitual).",[45,6845,6846],{},"The 没\u002F不 distinction is one of the most important grammar points for learners: 不 negates present\u002Ffuture\u002Fhabitual actions and states, while 没 (short for 没有) negates completed or past actions. 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It is used as a noun in everyday Mandarin speech.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":17001},[],{"summary":17003,"origin":1568,"root":17004},"The word 电话 combines 电 'electricity' with 话 'speech', literally 'electric speech', the term coined for the telephone. 电 (traditional 電) depicts lightning with the 雨 (rain) element; 话 has the 言 (speech) radical.","电 (diàn, electricity: 雨 rain element) + 话 (huà, speech: 言 speech radical)",[40,40,40,40,40],[17007,17010,17013,17016,17019],{"sentence":17008,"translation":17009,"audio":40},"打电话给我。","Call me.",{"sentence":17011,"translation":17012,"audio":40},"电话号码是多少？","What is the phone number?",{"sentence":17014,"translation":17015,"audio":40},"我接到一个电话。","I received a phone call.",{"sentence":17017,"translation":17018,"audio":40},"妈妈在打电话。","Mum is on the phone.",{"sentence":17020,"translation":17021,"audio":40},"请留下你的电话号码。","Please leave your phone number.",[17023,17036,17058,17081,17095],[17024,17029,17032,17035],{"text":3896,"slug":3897,"ruby":17025},[17026,17027,17028],{"base":3900,"pinyin":3901},{"base":501,"pinyin":502},{"base":3904,"pinyin":3421},{"text":1724,"slug":1725,"ruby":17030},[17031],{"base":1724,"pinyin":1728},{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":17033},[17034],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":106},[17037,17041,17050,17053,17057],{"text":7477,"slug":7478,"ruby":17038},[17039,17040],{"base":501,"pinyin":502},{"base":3904,"pinyin":3421},{"text":17042,"slug":17043,"ruby":17044},"号码","hao4-ma3",[17045,17048],{"base":17046,"pinyin":17047},"号","hào",{"base":17049,"pinyin":2898},"码",{"text":82,"slug":83,"ruby":17051},[17052],{"base":82,"pinyin":86},{"text":3282,"slug":3270,"ruby":17054},[17055,17056],{"base":2327,"pinyin":2328},{"base":4144,"pinyin":4145},{"text":598},[17059,17062,17070,17073,17076,17080],{"text":88,"slug":89,"ruby":17060},[17061],{"base":88,"pinyin":92},{"text":17063,"slug":17064,"ruby":17065},"接到","jie1-dao4",[17066,17069],{"base":17067,"pinyin":17068},"接","jiē",{"base":4939,"pinyin":430},{"text":389,"slug":390,"ruby":17071},[17072],{"base":389,"pinyin":393},{"text":1640,"slug":1641,"ruby":17074},[17075],{"base":1640,"pinyin":1644},{"text":7477,"slug":7478,"ruby":17077},[17078,17079],{"base":501,"pinyin":502},{"base":3904,"pinyin":3421},{"text":106},[17082,17086,17089,17094],{"text":118,"slug":119,"ruby":17083},[17084,17085],{"base":122,"pinyin":123},{"base":122,"pinyin":125},{"text":437,"slug":438,"ruby":17087},[17088],{"base":437,"pinyin":441},{"text":3896,"slug":3897,"ruby":17090},[17091,17092,17093],{"base":3900,"pinyin":3901},{"base":501,"pinyin":502},{"base":3904,"pinyin":3421},{"text":106},[17096,17099,17105,17108,17111,17115,17119],{"text":4307,"slug":4308,"ruby":17097},[17098],{"base":4307,"pinyin":4311},{"text":17100,"slug":17101,"ruby":17102},"留下","liu2-xia4",[17103,17104],{"base":2261,"pinyin":2265},{"base":1552,"pinyin":2173},{"text":352,"slug":353,"ruby":17106},[17107],{"base":352,"pinyin":356},{"text":94,"slug":95,"ruby":17109},[17110],{"base":94,"pinyin":98},{"text":7477,"slug":7478,"ruby":17112},[17113,17114],{"base":501,"pinyin":502},{"base":3904,"pinyin":3421},{"text":17042,"slug":17043,"ruby":17116},[17117,17118],{"base":17046,"pinyin":17047},{"base":17049,"pinyin":2898},{"text":106},295,{"line":17122,"colour":17123},"\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fdian4-hua4-line.svg","\u002Fimages\u002Fwords\u002Fmandarin\u002Fdian4-hua4-colour.svg",{"pinyin":17125,"pinyinNumeric":7478,"simplified":7477,"traditional":17126,"hskLevel":240,"strokeCount":17127,"toneSequence":17128},"diàn huà","電話",[249,3445],[892,892],{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdian4-hua4",[255],[7464,11955,4400,700,1105],[17134,17136,17138,17139,17140],{"slug":7464,"lemma":3900,"translation":17135},"to hit, to beat, to make a call",{"slug":11955,"lemma":11954,"translation":17137},"to hear, to catch (a sound)",{"slug":4400,"lemma":4409,"translation":4410},{"slug":700,"lemma":711,"translation":712},{"slug":1105,"lemma":1104,"translation":13317},{"description":16999},"mandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fdian4-hua4","telephone, phone call","QWKq_dHdmnCFsUaQbnx_cZ_CRVA7Sc7Q6gqKiIb1XhM",{"id":17146,"title":17147,"adjective":40,"audio":40,"author":40,"body":17148,"cefrLevel":40,"date":40,"description":17152,"etymology":17155,"exampleAudio":17158,"examples":17159,"examplesLinkified":17174,"exercises":40,"extension":239,"faqs":40,"frequencyRank":17274,"gcseTier":40,"hskLevel":240,"images":17275,"intro":40,"ipa":49,"ipaSecondary":40,"language":244,"lastUpdated":40,"lemma":1412,"lessonNumber":513,"mandarin":17278,"meta":17281,"navigation":251,"noun":40,"partOfSpeech":6318,"path":17282,"pronoun":40,"qualifications":17283,"relatedWords":17284,"relatedWordsResolved":17287,"seo":17296,"slug":2399,"stem":17297,"surfaceForms":40,"tier":273,"translation":14491,"verb":40,"verbSlugs":40,"__hash__":17298,"pinyin":1413},"words\u002Fmandarin\u002Fwords\u002Fjia1.md","Jia1",{"type":42,"value":17149,"toc":17153},[17150],[45,17151,17152],{},"家 (jiā) - 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It is commonly used alone as a form of address (爸！) or with a possessive (我爸, my dad). The more formal or compound form is 爸爸 (bà ba), and the most formal term is 父亲 (fù qīn). 爸 on its own feels slightly more clipped and is especially common in northern Chinese speech.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":17558},[],{"summary":17560,"origin":54,"root":17561},"爸 is a phono-semantic compound combining the father radical 父 (itself a depiction associated with a parent) with 巴 (bā) as the phonetic element. 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an adjective and adverb, and as a standalone greeting it functions as an informal good morning (similar to morning! in English). The antonym is 晚 (wǎn, late). Common compounds: 早上 (zǎo shàng, morning), 早饭 (zǎo fàn, breakfast), 早安 (zǎo ān, good morning - formal), 早起 (zǎo qǐ, to get up early). The Chinese proverb 早起的鸟儿有虫吃 is the equivalent of the early bird catches the worm.",{"title":49,"searchDepth":50,"depth":50,"links":18063},[],{"summary":18065,"origin":2074,"root":18066,"alternatives":18067},"早 (zǎo) 'early, morning' depicts the sun 日 above 十, which in the oldest forms is thought to represent a sprouting plant or a head, giving the sense of the sun newly risen.","日 (rì, 'sun') above 十 (component representing a sprout or the early position of the sun)",[18068],{"summary":18069,"root":18070},"The lower element 十 is variously explained as a germinating plant, a helmet, or the sun low on the horizon; the agreed sense is the sun in the morning.","日 (sun) + 十 (disputed lower element)",[40,40,40,40,40],[18073,18076,18079,18082,18085],{"sentence":18074,"translation":18075,"audio":40},"早！今天天气很好。","Morning! 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