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What struck me was how thoroughly the official position and the actual speech had come apart. Teachers who could quote the Académie on courriel would say \"j'ai reçu ton mail\" without a flicker.\n\nI have limited patience for the purist framing, but I think the usual anglophone response to it is smug and a bit thick. English speakers enjoy pointing out that English is itself a magpie language stuffed with French, so who are the French to complain. That misses the asymmetry entirely: nobody worries that English will stop being the language of business, science or the internet. French speakers are watching a language lose domains, and domain loss is how languages actually die. Defending the vocabulary is a proxy for that fear, and it is not a silly fear even when the specific defences are silly.\n\nBecause some of them are silly. Coining an official French word for something the entire population already calls by its English name, ten years after they started, is a losing game. Courriel worked. Mot-dièse for hashtag did not, and everyone says hashtag. The wins come when the French word arrives first or arrives better, which is exactly what happened with logiciel and ordinateur, both of which are now so ordinary that nobody thinks of them as victories at all.\n\nThe one thing I would say to a learner is to notice where Quebec sits, because it inverts the stereotype people arrive with. Metropolitan French is the variety that says le weekend, le parking and le shopping. Quebec, with far more English pressure at the border, says fin de semaine, stationnement and magasinage. If you assumed France would be the purist and Quebec the relaxed one, you had it exactly backwards, and there is a lesson in that about who defends a language hardest.\n",{"type":44,"value":45,"toc":442},"minimark",[46,50,54,59,62,65,81,84,93,97,100,222,225,228,232,235,243,249,255,290,293,297,300,392,395,398,402,408,414,420,436],[47,48,40],"h1",{"id":49},"franglais-the-english-in-french-and-the-fight-against-it",[51,52,53],"p",{},"Franglais is French with English mixed into it. The word has been an insult, a joke and a genuine political argument for sixty years, and it describes something meaningfully different from the Spanish-English contact most learners have heard about. This piece covers what franglais actually is, the false anglicisms that trap learners, why Quebec resists harder than France, and which borrowings you can safely use.",[55,56,58],"h2",{"id":57},"borrowing-not-switching","Borrowing, not switching",[51,60,61],{},"The important structural point first, because it is where most comparisons go wrong. Spanish-English contact in the United States produces sustained code-switching: whole clauses alternate between languages inside a single conversation, by speakers who control both grammars.",[51,63,64],{},"French-English contact mostly does not do that. What French does is borrow, heavily, at the level of the word:",[66,67,68,72,75,78],"ul",{},[69,70,71],"li",{},"Ce weekend, on va faire du shopping.",[69,73,74],{},"J'ai un job d'été dans un fast-food.",[69,76,77],{},"Envoie-moi un mail, c'est plus cool.",[69,79,80],{},"Il faut checker le planning avant le meeting.",[51,82,83],{},"Every one of those sentences is French. The grammar is French throughout, the borrowed items sit in ordinary French noun and verb slots, and the verbs take French conjugations: je checke, tu zappes, il like, nous googlons. That is borrowing behaving normally, not two grammars running at once.",[51,85,86,87,92],{},"The reason matters. Sustained code-switching needs two languages with real institutional weight in the same community, spoken by the same people all day. That describes Los Angeles, which is why ",[88,89,91],"a",{"href":90},"\u002Fresources\u002Fspanish\u002Fspanglish-words-and-examples","Spanglish"," behaves so differently. It does not describe Lyon, where English is a school subject and a professional tool rather than the language of the shop on the corner.",[55,94,96],{"id":95},"the-false-anglicisms-which-are-the-real-trap","The false anglicisms, which are the real trap",[51,98,99],{},"This is the section worth reading twice, because it is where confident learners come unstuck. French has borrowed English-shaped words and then used them for something else entirely.",[101,102,103,119],"table",{},[104,105,106],"thead",{},[107,108,109,113,116],"tr",{},[110,111,112],"th",{},"French",[110,114,115],{},"What it actually means",[110,117,118],{},"What English would say",[120,121,122,134,145,156,167,178,189,200,211],"tbody",{},[107,123,124,128,131],{},[125,126,127],"td",{},"un footing",[125,129,130],{},"jogging",[125,132,133],{},"going for a run",[107,135,136,139,142],{},[125,137,138],{},"un brushing",[125,140,141],{},"a blow-dry",[125,143,144],{},"blow-dry",[107,146,147,150,153],{},[125,148,149],{},"un smoking",[125,151,152],{},"a dinner jacket",[125,154,155],{},"tuxedo, dinner jacket",[107,157,158,161,164],{},[125,159,160],{},"un relooking",[125,162,163],{},"a makeover",[125,165,166],{},"makeover",[107,168,169,172,175],{},[125,170,171],{},"un baby-foot",[125,173,174],{},"table football",[125,176,177],{},"foosball, table football",[107,179,180,183,186],{},[125,181,182],{},"un pressing",[125,184,185],{},"a dry cleaner's",[125,187,188],{},"dry cleaner's",[107,190,191,194,197],{},[125,192,193],{},"un dressing",[125,195,196],{},"a walk-in wardrobe",[125,198,199],{},"walk-in closet",[107,201,202,205,208],{},[125,203,204],{},"un lifting",[125,206,207],{},"a facelift",[125,209,210],{},"facelift",[107,212,213,216,219],{},[125,214,215],{},"un camping",[125,217,218],{},"a campsite",[125,220,221],{},"campsite",[51,223,224],{},"The danger is precisely that they look familiar. A learner reads un smoking and does not stop, because nothing signalled that a stop was needed. Compare an ordinary unknown French word, which at least announces itself.",[51,226,227],{},"Note the pattern in several of these: English gerunds have been borrowed as concrete nouns. Footing, brushing, pressing, dressing, lifting, camping. Once you spot that shape you can predict roughly where the trap will be.",[55,229,231],{"id":230},"the-official-resistance-and-how-it-has-gone","The official resistance, and how it has gone",[51,233,234],{},"French language policy is unusually organised, and it is worth understanding what the different institutions actually do.",[51,236,237,238,242],{},"The ",[239,240,241],"strong",{},"Académie française",", founded in the seventeenth century, issues opinions and maintains a dictionary. It has cultural authority and no legal power whatsoever, which is a distinction routinely lost in English-language reporting.",[51,244,237,245,248],{},[239,246,247],{},"Toubon law"," of 1994 does have force, and applies to advertising, commercial contracts, workplace documents and broadcast media. It governs commercial and official usage, not private speech. Nobody is fined for saying le weekend.",[51,250,237,251,254],{},[239,252,253],{},"Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française"," coins French replacements for incoming foreign terms and publishes them in the Journal officiel. Its record is genuinely mixed, and the pattern of hits and misses is instructive:",[66,256,257,266,272,278,284],{},[69,258,259,265],{},[239,260,261],{},[88,262,264],{"href":263},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fwords\u002Fordinateur","Ordinateur"," for computer. Total success, so complete that its origin as a deliberate coinage is forgotten.",[69,267,268,271],{},[239,269,270],{},"Logiciel"," for software. Same, and now unremarkable.",[69,273,274,277],{},[239,275,276],{},"Courriel"," for email. Broadly successful in writing and dominant in Quebec, though un mail remains common in French speech.",[69,279,280,283],{},[239,281,282],{},"Mot-dièse"," for hashtag. Failed. Everyone says hashtag.",[69,285,286,289],{},[239,287,288],{},"Baladodiffusion"," for podcast. Widely used in Quebec, largely ignored in France, where podcast won.",[51,291,292],{},"The lesson in that list is about timing rather than patriotism. When the French word arrives with the thing, it wins. When it arrives ten years after everyone has already named the thing in English, it does not, and no amount of official standing changes that.",[55,294,296],{"id":295},"quebec-inverts-the-stereotype","Quebec inverts the stereotype",[51,298,299],{},"Learners generally arrive expecting France to be the strict one. It is not.",[101,301,302,315],{},[104,303,304],{},[107,305,306,309,312],{},[110,307,308],{},"Concept",[110,310,311],{},"France",[110,313,314],{},"Quebec",[120,316,317,337,348,359,370,381],{},[107,318,319,322,325],{},[125,320,321],{},"weekend",[125,323,324],{},"le weekend",[125,326,327,328,332,333],{},"la ",[88,329,331],{"href":330},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fwords\u002Ffin","fin"," de ",[88,334,336],{"href":335},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fwords\u002Fsemaine","semaine",[107,338,339,342,345],{},[125,340,341],{},"parking",[125,343,344],{},"le parking",[125,346,347],{},"le stationnement",[107,349,350,353,356],{},[125,351,352],{},"shopping",[125,354,355],{},"le shopping",[125,357,358],{},"le magasinage",[107,360,361,364,367],{},[125,362,363],{},"email",[125,365,366],{},"le mail, un mail",[125,368,369],{},"un courriel",[107,371,372,375,378],{},[125,373,374],{},"chat (online)",[125,376,377],{},"le chat",[125,379,380],{},"le clavardage",[107,382,383,386,389],{},[125,384,385],{},"podcast",[125,387,388],{},"le podcast",[125,390,391],{},"la baladodiffusion",[51,393,394],{},"Quebec's Office québécois de la langue française is far more interventionist than anything in metropolitan France, and Quebec speech follows it much more closely. The reason is not that Quebec loves French more. It is that Quebec is a French-speaking society of a few million inside an English-speaking continent of hundreds of millions, and the pressure is not theoretical. Metropolitan France can borrow le weekend cheerfully because nothing about French in France is actually at risk.",[51,396,397],{},"That is worth holding onto if you are choosing which variety to learn: the anglicisms are one of the clearer everyday differences between the two, and using French ones in Montreal will mark you instantly.",[55,399,401],{"id":400},"what-a-learner-should-actually-do","What a learner should actually do",[51,403,404,407],{},[239,405,406],{},"Use the borrowings French speakers use."," Le weekend, le parking, un mail, cool. Avoiding them in France sounds like someone reciting a textbook rather than speaking.",[51,409,410,413],{},[239,411,412],{},"Do not invent your own."," Reaching for an English word French has not borrowed, with a French accent and a hopeful expression, is the single most obvious learner tell there is. If you do not know the French word, describe your way round it. That is a skill worth building anyway.",[51,415,416,419],{},[239,417,418],{},"Watch the register."," In writing, in exams, and in anything professional, prefer the French term. Courriel or message over mail, logiciel over software, mot-clé over keyword. The borrowings are casual-register items and using them in a formal document reads as sloppy rather than modern.",[51,421,422,425,426,430,431,435],{},[239,423,424],{},"Get the core French in place first."," Anglicisms are a surface layer on a language you still have to know: the ",[88,427,429],{"href":428},"\u002Ffrench\u002Flists\u002Fcore-1000","1,000 most common French words"," do most of the work, and ",[88,432,434],{"href":433},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fvocabulary-by-cefr","French vocabulary by CEFR level"," sets out what each level actually demands.",[51,437,438,441],{},[239,439,440],{},"Learn the false anglicisms as vocabulary, not as cognates."," Un smoking, un footing, un brushing. Treat them as ordinary new words that happen to be spelled like English ones, because that is exactly what they are.",{"title":443,"searchDepth":444,"depth":444,"links":445},"",2,[446,447,448,449,450],{"id":57,"depth":444,"text":58},{"id":95,"depth":444,"text":96},{"id":230,"depth":444,"text":231},{"id":295,"depth":444,"text":296},{"id":400,"depth":444,"text":401},"Methodology",null,"2026-08-13T00:00:00+00:00","What franglais actually means, the English words French uses that English does not, why Quebec resists harder than France, and which anglicisms are safe for learners.","md",[457,460,463,466,469],{"q":458,"a":459},"What does franglais mean?","Franglais is French with English elements mixed in: mostly borrowed vocabulary, sometimes English syntax showing through a French sentence. The term was popularised by René Étiemble's 1964 book Parlez-vous franglais?, a polemic against the volume of English entering French after the war. It is usually used critically, though plenty of French speakers now use it lightly about their own speech. Note that it describes a rather different phenomenon from Spanglish: French speakers borrow English words far more than they switch between French and English grammar mid-clause.",{"q":461,"a":462},"What are false anglicisms in French?","English-looking words that French uses in meanings English does not. Un footing is jogging. Un brushing is a blow-dry. Un smoking is a dinner jacket or tuxedo. Un relooking is a makeover. Un baby-foot is table football. Un pressing is a dry cleaner's. Un dressing is a walk-in wardrobe. Un lifting is a facelift. These are the ones that catch learners hardest, because the word looks familiar and is therefore never checked. They are borrowed English forms that then developed independently inside French.",{"q":464,"a":465},"Does the Académie française actually ban English words?","It has no power to ban anything. The Académie is a consultative body: it publishes opinions and its dictionary carries prestige, not legal force. The legal instrument is the 1994 Toubon law, which requires French in advertising, commercial contracts, workplace documents and broadcasting, and which regulates commercial and official usage rather than what anyone says at home. A separate body, the Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française, coins official French alternatives for new foreign terms. Some are adopted, many are not.",{"q":467,"a":468},"Do French people say le weekend?","In France, constantly. Le weekend, le parking, le shopping, un job, cool, top and le stress are all thoroughly ordinary in metropolitan French. Quebec French systematically prefers native alternatives for exactly these: fin de semaine, stationnement, magasinage. This surprises learners who expect France to be the stricter variety. Quebec's language policy is more assertive in practice precisely because English pressure there is far more immediate.",{"q":470,"a":471},"Should I avoid anglicisms when speaking French?","Use the ones French speakers actually use, and avoid inventing your own. Le weekend, le parking and un mail are unremarkable in France and trying to avoid them can sound stilted. What does mark you out is reaching for an English word French has not borrowed and giving it a French shrug, which reads as giving up rather than as speaking French. In writing, and in any formal or professional register, prefer the French term: courriel or message rather than mail, logiciel rather than software.",{},true,"\u002Fresources\u002Ffrench\u002Ffranglais-explained",{"title":40,"description":454},"resources\u002Ffrench\u002Ffranglais-explained",[478,479,480,481,482],"french","franglais","anglicisms","quebec french","language policy","Franglais is French with English mixed in, and unlike its Spanish counterpart it is mostly a vocabulary story rather than a grammatical one: French borrows English words, it does not generally switch between French and English grammar mid-sentence. The label carries a century of anxiety, from Étiemble's 1964 polemic through the Académie française to the Toubon law, and official French keeps minting native alternatives such as courriel and logiciel. The joke is that France uses far more anglicisms than Quebec, which resists them hardest. The trap for learners is the false anglicism: un footing, un brushing, un smoking and un relooking are all English-shaped words that no English speaker would recognise in those meanings.","BjWNKnA7H0IhWHmabFcctapYFmaPO6CJsmigXEFGMw8",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":486},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M10 18v-7m1.119-8.795a2 2 0 0 1 1.762 0l7.84 3.846A.5.5 0 0 1 20.5 7h-17a.5.5 0 0 1-.22-.949zM14 18v-7m4 7v-7M3 22h18M6 18v-7\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":488},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":490},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":492},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":494},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>"]