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Causative Verbs: hacer, dejar, mandar + Infinitive (me hizo esperar, le hice arreglar el coche)",null,{"type":49,"value":50,"toc":755},"minimark",[51,56,85,90,234,241,245,251,273,276,290,294,313,326,344,355,381,391,395,405,425,436,440,453,473,481,485,497,523,530,534,545,566,572,576,587,606,613,617,628,648,659,663,681,693,705,714,718],[52,53,55],"h1",{"id":54},"spanish-causative-verbs","Spanish Causative Verbs",[57,58,59,60,64,65,68,69,72,73,76,77,80,81,84],"p",{},"Spanish has a neat, compact way of talking about ",[61,62,63],"strong",{},"getting other people to act",". Where English stacks verbs - \"I made him wait\", \"they let me in\", \"I had the car fixed\" - Spanish glues a small set of ",[61,66,67],{},"causative verbs"," straight onto an ",[61,70,71],{},"infinitive",", with nothing in between. No ",[61,74,75],{},"que",", no preposition. ",[61,78,79],{},"Me hizo esperar",": he made me wait. ",[61,82,83],{},"Me dejaron entrar",": they let me in. Learn the handful of verbs, then master the one genuinely fiddly part - what happens to the pronouns.",[86,87,89],"h2",{"id":88},"the-causative-verbs-at-a-glance","The causative verbs at a glance",[91,92,93,112],"table",{},[94,95,96],"thead",{},[97,98,99,103,106,109],"tr",{},[100,101,102],"th",{},"Verb",[100,104,105],{},"Meaning",[100,107,108],{},"Example",[100,110,111],{},"English",[113,114,115,136,155,175,194,214],"tbody",{},[97,116,117,123,126,133],{},[118,119,120],"td",{},[61,121,122],{},"hacer",[118,124,125],{},"make \u002F have someone do sth",[118,127,128,129,132],{},"Me ",[61,130,131],{},"hizo"," esperar.",[118,134,135],{},"He made me wait.",[97,137,138,143,146,152],{},[118,139,140],{},[61,141,142],{},"dejar",[118,144,145],{},"let \u002F allow",[118,147,128,148,151],{},[61,149,150],{},"dejaron"," entrar.",[118,153,154],{},"They let me in.",[97,156,157,162,165,172],{},[118,158,159],{},[61,160,161],{},"mandar",[118,163,164],{},"order \u002F send someone to do sth",[118,166,167,168,171],{},"El médico me ",[61,169,170],{},"mandó"," descansar.",[118,173,174],{},"The doctor ordered me to rest.",[97,176,177,182,185,191],{},[118,178,179],{},[61,180,181],{},"ordenar",[118,183,184],{},"order (more formal)",[118,186,187,190],{},[61,188,189],{},"Ordenó"," evacuar el edificio.",[118,192,193],{},"She ordered the building evacuated.",[97,195,196,201,204,211],{},[118,197,198],{},[61,199,200],{},"permitir",[118,202,203],{},"permit \u002F allow",[118,205,206,207,210],{},"No se ",[61,208,209],{},"permite"," fumar.",[118,212,213],{},"Smoking is not allowed.",[97,215,216,221,224,231],{},[118,217,218],{},[61,219,220],{},"prohibir",[118,222,223],{},"forbid \u002F ban",[118,225,226,227,230],{},"Le ",[61,228,229],{},"prohibieron"," conducir.",[118,232,233],{},"They banned him from driving.",[57,235,236,237,240],{},"All six share the same skeleton: ",[61,238,239],{},"conjugated causative verb + infinitive",". The person affected turns up as a pronoun, and it is that pronoun that needs care.",[86,242,244],{"id":243},"hacer-infinitive-make-or-have-someone-do-something","hacer + infinitive: make or have someone do something",[57,246,247,250],{},[61,248,249],{},"Hacer"," is the workhorse. It covers both English \"make\" (force) and \"have\" (arrange):",[252,253,254,261,267],"ul",{},[255,256,257,260],"li",{},[61,258,259],{},"Me hizo esperar."," (He made me wait.)",[255,262,263,266],{},[61,264,265],{},"La hicimos reír."," (We made her laugh.)",[255,268,269,272],{},[61,270,271],{},"El profesor nos hizo repetir el ejercicio."," (The teacher made us redo the exercise.)",[57,274,275],{},"It also handles causes that are not people at all:",[252,277,278,284],{},[255,279,280,283],{},[61,281,282],{},"El sol hace crecer las plantas."," (The sun makes the plants grow.)",[255,285,286,289],{},[61,287,288],{},"Esa canción me hace llorar."," (That song makes me cry.)",[86,291,293],{"id":292},"the-pronoun-switch-direct-vs-indirect-object","The pronoun switch: direct vs indirect object",[57,295,296,297,300,301,304,305,308,309,312],{},"Here is the part that trips everyone up. ",[61,298,299],{},"Who you make act"," can be a ",[61,302,303],{},"direct"," object or an ",[61,306,307],{},"indirect"," object, and which one depends on whether the infinitive has ",[61,310,311],{},"its own"," object.",[57,314,315,318,319,321,322,325],{},[61,316,317],{},"No object on the infinitive"," - the person is a ",[61,320,303],{}," object (",[61,323,324],{},"lo, la, los, las","):",[252,327,328,338],{},[255,329,330,333,334,337],{},[61,331,332],{},"Lo hice trabajar."," (I made him work.) - ",[61,335,336],{},"trabajar"," has no object.",[255,339,340,343],{},[61,341,342],{},"La hice esperar."," (I made her wait.)",[57,345,346,349,350,321,352,325],{},[61,347,348],{},"The infinitive has its own object"," - the person is bumped to an ",[61,351,307],{},[61,353,354],{},"le, les",[252,356,357,375],{},[255,358,359,362,363,366,367,370,371,374],{},[61,360,361],{},"Le hice arreglar el coche."," (I had him fix the car.) - ",[61,364,365],{},"arreglar"," already carries ",[61,368,369],{},"el coche",", so the person becomes ",[61,372,373],{},"le",".",[255,376,377,380],{},[61,378,379],{},"Les hice firmar el contrato."," (I had them sign the contract.)",[57,382,383,384,387,388,374],{},"Word for word, that second pattern is \"I made-",[61,385,386],{},"to-him"," fix the car\". It feels strange in English, but it is perfectly regular: two objects cannot both be direct, so the person yields and goes indirect. The rule in one line: ",[61,389,390],{},"bare infinitive plus person = lo\u002Fla; infinitive-with-object plus person = le\u002Fles",[86,392,394],{"id":393},"dejar-infinitive-let-and-allow","dejar + infinitive: let and allow",[57,396,397,400,401,404],{},[61,398,399],{},"Dejar"," is the everyday word for ",[61,402,403],{},"letting"," someone do something:",[252,406,407,413,419],{},[255,408,409,412],{},[61,410,411],{},"Me dejaron entrar."," (They let me in.)",[255,414,415,418],{},[61,416,417],{},"No me deja hablar."," (He won't let me speak.)",[255,420,421,424],{},[61,422,423],{},"Déjame ver."," (Let me see.)",[57,426,427,428,431,432,435],{},"It also takes ",[61,429,430],{},"que + subjunctive"," with no change in meaning: ",[61,433,434],{},"deja que lo haga"," (let him do it). Both are correct; the infinitive is tighter and more common when the person is a simple pronoun.",[86,437,439],{"id":438},"mandar-and-ordenar-order-someone-to-do-something","mandar and ordenar: order someone to do something",[57,441,442,445,446,448,449,452],{},[61,443,444],{},"Mandar"," and the more formal ",[61,447,181],{}," cover ",[61,450,451],{},"commanding",":",[252,454,455,461,467],{},[255,456,457,460],{},[61,458,459],{},"El médico me mandó descansar."," (The doctor ordered me to rest.)",[255,462,463,466],{},[61,464,465],{},"El sargento les mandó formar."," (The sergeant ordered them to fall in.)",[255,468,469,472],{},[61,470,471],{},"El juez ordenó cerrar el local."," (The judge ordered the premises closed.)",[57,474,475,477,478,480],{},[61,476,444],{}," is the natural spoken choice; ",[61,479,181],{}," leans formal and legal.",[86,482,484],{"id":483},"permitir-and-prohibir-allow-and-forbid","permitir and prohibir: allow and forbid",[57,486,487,488,491,492,494,495,452],{},"These two are the ",[61,489,490],{},"formal register"," partners of dejar. They appear on signs, in rules and in officialese, and they take either an ",[61,493,71],{}," or ",[61,496,430],{},[252,498,499,505,511,517],{},[255,500,501,504],{},[61,502,503],{},"No se permite fumar."," (Smoking is not allowed.)",[255,506,507,510],{},[61,508,509],{},"Me permitieron salir antes."," (They let me leave early.)",[255,512,513,516],{},[61,514,515],{},"Le prohibieron conducir un año."," (They banned him from driving for a year.)",[255,518,519,522],{},[61,520,521],{},"Prohibido pisar el cesped."," (Keep off the grass.)",[57,524,525,526,529],{},"Notice the fixed sign form ",[61,527,528],{},"prohibido + infinitive"," - a very common shorthand for a rule.",[86,531,533],{"id":532},"hacer-que-subjunctive-the-longer-alternative","hacer que + subjunctive: the longer alternative",[57,535,536,537,540,541,544],{},"Every ",[61,538,539],{},"hacer + infinitive"," has a twin built with ",[61,542,543],{},"hacer que + subjunctive",", useful when the clause is long or you want a full spelled-out subject:",[252,546,547,557],{},[255,548,549,552,553,556],{},[61,550,551],{},"Me hizo repetirlo."," = ",[61,554,555],{},"Hizo que lo repitiera."," (He made me repeat it.)",[255,558,559,552,562,565],{},[61,560,561],{},"Los hice salir.",[61,563,564],{},"Hice que salieran."," (I made them leave.)",[57,567,568,569,571],{},"The infinitive version is shorter and dominates in speech; the ",[61,570,75],{}," version earns its keep in writing and with heavier clauses.",[86,573,575],{"id":574},"pronoun-placement","Pronoun placement",[57,577,578,579,582,583,586],{},"The little object pronouns attach to the ",[61,580,581],{},"end of the infinitive"," or sit ",[61,584,585],{},"before the conjugated causative verb"," - your choice, same meaning:",[252,588,589,597],{},[255,590,591,552,594,556],{},[61,592,593],{},"Me lo hizo repetir.",[61,595,596],{},"Hizo repetírmelo.",[255,598,599,552,602,605],{},[61,600,601],{},"No me dejan verlo.",[61,603,604],{},"No me lo dejan ver."," (They won't let me see it.)",[57,607,608,609,612],{},"Both are natural. When they climb onto the infinitive they stack in the usual order and pick up a written accent to keep the stress (",[61,610,611],{},"repetírmelo",").",[86,614,616],{"id":615},"hacerse-infinitive-having-something-done-to-yourself","hacerse + infinitive: having something done to yourself",[57,618,619,620,623,624,627],{},"Finally, the reflexive ",[61,621,622],{},"hacerse + infinitive"," reports a service ",[61,625,626],{},"done to you"," by someone unnamed:",[252,629,630,636,642],{},[255,631,632,635],{},[61,633,634],{},"Me hice cortar el pelo."," (I had my hair cut.)",[255,637,638,641],{},[61,639,640],{},"Me hice hacer un traje."," (I had a suit made.)",[255,643,644,647],{},[61,645,646],{},"Se hizo operar de la rodilla."," (She had her knee operated on.)",[57,649,650,651,654,655,658],{},"The reflexive ",[61,652,653],{},"me \u002F se"," shows the action landed on ",[61,656,657],{},"you",", even though the hairdresser or surgeon actually did it. It is the tidy way to say \"I had X done\" without dragging in who did it.",[86,660,662],{"id":661},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[57,664,665,668,669,672,673,676,677,680],{},[61,666,667],{},"Inserting a que or a preposition."," The infinitive attaches ",[61,670,671],{},"directly",": ",[61,674,675],{},"me hizo esperar",", never \"me hizo a esperar\" or \"me hizo que esperar\". Only the deliberate ",[61,678,679],{},"hacer que"," version takes que, and then it needs the subjunctive.",[57,682,683,686,687,690,691,374],{},[61,684,685],{},"Keeping the person as a direct object when the infinitive has one."," It is ",[61,688,689],{},"le hice arreglar el coche",", not \"lo hice arreglar el coche\". Once the infinitive carries its own object, the person goes ",[61,692,307],{},[57,694,695,698,699,672,701,704],{},[61,696,697],{},"Using the gerund for \"let me speak\"."," Spanish uses the ",[61,700,71],{},[61,702,703],{},"no me deja hablar",", never \"no me deja hablando\".",[57,706,707,708,494,711,713],{},"Pick the right verb, drop the infinitive on straight after, and watch whether the infinitive already has an object before you choose ",[61,709,710],{},"lo",[61,712,373],{},". That is the whole game.",[86,715,717],{"id":716},"see-also","See also",[252,719,720,733,740,747],{},[255,721,722,727,728,732],{},[723,724,726],"a",{"href":725},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fobject-pronouns","Object pronouns"," and ",[723,729,731],{"href":730},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpronoun-order","pronoun order"," - the me\u002Fte\u002Fle\u002Flo system these causatives lean on, and how the pronouns stack.",[255,734,735,739],{},[723,736,738],{"href":737},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-influence","The subjunctive after verbs of influence"," - the que + subjunctive route that hacer, dejar, mandar, permitir and prohibir all also allow.",[255,741,742,746],{},[723,743,745],{"href":744},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Freflexive-verbs","Reflexive verbs"," - the se behind hacerse cortar el pelo.",[255,748,749,750,754],{},"The ",[723,751,753],{"href":752},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," collects the causative pattern and its verb list on one card.",{"title":756,"searchDepth":757,"depth":757,"links":758},"",2,[759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769],{"id":88,"depth":757,"text":89},{"id":243,"depth":757,"text":244},{"id":292,"depth":757,"text":293},{"id":393,"depth":757,"text":394},{"id":438,"depth":757,"text":439},{"id":483,"depth":757,"text":484},{"id":532,"depth":757,"text":533},{"id":574,"depth":757,"text":575},{"id":615,"depth":757,"text":616},{"id":661,"depth":757,"text":662},{"id":716,"depth":757,"text":717},"B1-B2","How Spanish says 'have, make, let or order someone to do something': hacer, dejar, mandar, permitir and prohibir plus an infinitive, and the tricky pronoun rules that come with them.",[773,806],{"type":774,"instructions":775,"items":776},"fill-blank","Complete each causative sentence. Put the verb in brackets into the right form (usually an infinitive, or the pronoun the pattern needs).",[777,780,784,788,791,795,798,802],{"prompt":778,"answer":779,"hint":539},"El profesor nos hizo ___ el ejercicio otra vez. (repetir)","repetir",{"prompt":781,"answer":782,"hint":783},"Mis padres no me ___ salir por la noche. (dejar)","dejan","let - present tense",{"prompt":785,"answer":786,"hint":787},"El sol hace ___ las plantas. (crecer)","crecer","makes the plants grow",{"prompt":789,"answer":365,"hint":790},"Le hice ___ el coche al mecánico. (arreglar)","I had him fix the car",{"prompt":792,"answer":793,"hint":794},"El médico me mandó ___ en cama. (quedarse)","quedarme","ordered me to stay - reflexive infinitive",{"prompt":796,"answer":797,"hint":622},"Ayer me hice ___ el pelo. (cortar)","cortar",{"prompt":799,"answer":800,"hint":801},"No nos ___ hablar durante el examen. (permitir)","permiten","they don't allow us - present tense",{"prompt":803,"answer":804,"hint":805},"El cartel prohíbe ___ dentro del museo. (fotografiar)","fotografiar","forbids taking photos",{"type":807,"instructions":808,"items":809},"which-one","Choose the correct pronoun or word. Remember: a bare infinitive keeps the person as a direct object (lo, la); an infinitive with its own object pushes the person to an indirect object (le, les).",[810,815,818,822,827,832],{"prompt":811,"answer":812,"options":813},"___ hice trabajar todo el día. (I made him work)","Lo",[812,814],"Le",{"prompt":816,"answer":814,"options":817},"___ hice arreglar el coche. (I had him fix the car)",[812,814],{"prompt":819,"answer":820,"options":821},"El chiste ___ hizo reír. (the joke made her laugh)","la",[820,373],{"prompt":823,"answer":824,"options":825},"Me hizo ___ media hora. (esperar)","esperar",[824,826],"que esperara",{"prompt":828,"answer":829,"options":830},"No me deja ___. (he won't let me speak)","hablar",[829,831],"hablando",{"prompt":833,"answer":122,"options":834},"Se hizo ___ un traje nuevo. (she had a new suit made)",[122,835],"hecho","md",[838,841,844,847],{"q":839,"a":840},"How do you say 'make someone do something' in Spanish?","Use hacer plus an infinitive with nothing in between: no que, no preposition. Me hizo esperar (he made me wait), la hicimos reír (we made her laugh), el sol hace crecer las plantas (the sun makes the plants grow). The person you make act is usually a direct-object pronoun - me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las. There is also a hacer que + subjunctive version that says the same thing: hizo que esperara (he made it so that I waited). The infinitive pattern is tighter and far more common in speech; the que version is handy when the clause gets long or you want to spell out a full subject.",{"q":842,"a":843},"Why is it 'le hice arreglar el coche' and not 'lo hice arreglar el coche'?","Because the infinitive already has its own object. When arreglar carries el coche, the person doing the fixing is pushed out of the direct-object slot and becomes an indirect object: le hice arreglar el coche (I had him fix the car). Compare lo hice trabajar (I made him work), where trabajar has no object, so the person stays a direct object, lo. The rule of thumb: bare infinitive plus person equals direct object (lo, la); infinitive with its own object plus person equals indirect object (le, les). It feels odd to English ears but it is completely regular.",{"q":845,"a":846},"What is the difference between dejar and permitir for 'let' or 'allow'?","Both mean to allow, and both take an infinitive. Dejar is the everyday, spoken choice: me dejaron entrar (they let me in), no me deja hablar (he won't let me speak), deja que lo haga (let him do it). Permitir is a notch more formal and appears in rules and signs: no se permite fumar (smoking is not allowed), me permitieron salir (they permitted me to leave). Both also take que + subjunctive: dejar que entre, permitir que entre. In conversation reach for dejar; in official or written registers permitir and prohibir do the heavy lifting.",{"q":848,"a":849},"How do you say 'I had my hair cut' in Spanish?","Use the reflexive hacerse plus an infinitive: me hice cortar el pelo (I had my hair cut). The reflexive me shows the action was done to you, even though someone else - the hairdresser - actually wielded the scissors. The same pattern covers other services performed on you: me hice hacer un traje (I had a suit made), se hizo operar (she had an operation, she got herself operated on). It is the natural way to report having a professional do something to your body or your belongings, without naming who did it.","higher","English piles up verbs to talk about getting other people to act: I made him wait, they let me in, I had the car fixed, she ordered them to leave. Spanish does the same job with a small set of causative verbs - hacer, dejar, mandar, ordenar, permitir, prohibir - each glued directly to an infinitive. Me hizo esperar is 'he made me wait'; me dejaron entrar is 'they let me in'; le hice arreglar el coche is 'I had him fix the car'. The pattern itself is easy: causative verb plus a bare infinitive, no que and no preposition in between. The catch is the pronouns. When the infinitive has no object of its own, the person you push around is a direct object (me hizo esperar). When the infinitive carries its own object, that same person slides to the indirect object (le hice arreglar el coche - literally 'I made-to-him fix the car'). Get that switch and the placement of the little pronouns right and the whole construction clicks. This page lays out the verbs, the meanings, the object rules, the hacer que + subjunctive alternative, and the reflexive hacerse cortar el pelo, 'to have your hair cut'.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcausative-verbs",{"title":46,"description":771},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcausative-verbs","RGaylFjSudUhlyCIRk9GT21bCNllZYo7P508bHZPEBo",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":861},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":863},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":865},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M20 20a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-7.9a2 2 0 0 1-1.69-.9L9.6 3.9A2 2 0 0 0 7.93 3H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2Zm-8-10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m15 13l-3 3l-3-3\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":867},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 4.702a.705.705 0 0 0-1.203-.498L6.413 7.587A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 5.416 8H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2.416a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .997.413l3.383 3.384A.705.705 0 0 0 11 19.298zM16 9a5 5 0 0 1 0 6m3.364 3.364a9 9 0 0 0 0-12.728\"\u002F>"]