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0z\"\u002F>",true,{"id":46,"title":47,"author":48,"body":49,"cefrLevel":660,"date":48,"description":661,"exercises":48,"extension":662,"faqs":663,"gcseTier":673,"intro":674,"language":675,"lastUpdated":48,"meta":676,"navigation":44,"path":677,"seo":678,"stem":679,"verbSlugs":48,"__hash__":680},"pages\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcompound-tenses-overview.md","Spanish Compound Tenses: the Future Perfect and Past Anterior (habré hablado, hube hablado)",null,{"type":50,"value":51,"toc":644},"minimark",[52,57,81,86,96,206,233,237,244,326,336,341,348,378,382,402,422,429,433,455,466,486,490,512,516,548,552,562,580,593,603,609,613],[53,54,56],"h1",{"id":55},"compound-tenses-the-future-perfect-and-the-past-anterior","Compound Tenses: the Future Perfect and the Past Anterior",[58,59,60,61,65,66,69,70,72,73,76,77,80],"p",{},"Every compound tense in Spanish is the same trick: ",[62,63,64],"strong",{},"haber"," in some tense, plus a ",[62,67,68],{},"past participle"," that never changes. Learn the trick once and you have six tenses, differing only in what tense ",[62,71,64],{}," is in. This page draws the whole map, then completes it with the two members you have not met yet - the ",[62,74,75],{},"future perfect"," and the ",[62,78,79],{},"past anterior",".",[82,83,85],"h2",{"id":84},"the-map-all-six-compound-tenses","The map: all six compound tenses",[58,87,88,89,91,92,95],{},"Each is ",[62,90,64],{}," (in the named tense) + participle. The participle - ",[62,93,94],{},"hablado"," here - is frozen throughout.",[97,98,99,118],"table",{},[100,101,102],"thead",{},[103,104,105,109,112,115],"tr",{},[106,107,108],"th",{},"Compound tense",[106,110,111],{},"haber is in the...",[106,113,114],{},"Example",[106,116,117],{},"Meaning",[119,120,121,136,150,164,178,192],"tbody",{},[103,122,123,127,130,133],{},[124,125,126],"td",{},"Present perfect",[124,128,129],{},"present",[124,131,132],{},"he hablado",[124,134,135],{},"I have spoken",[103,137,138,141,144,147],{},[124,139,140],{},"Pluperfect",[124,142,143],{},"imperfect",[124,145,146],{},"había hablado",[124,148,149],{},"I had spoken",[103,151,152,155,158,161],{},[124,153,154],{},"Future perfect",[124,156,157],{},"future",[124,159,160],{},"habré hablado",[124,162,163],{},"I will have spoken",[103,165,166,169,172,175],{},[124,167,168],{},"Conditional perfect",[124,170,171],{},"conditional",[124,173,174],{},"habría hablado",[124,176,177],{},"I would have spoken",[103,179,180,183,186,189],{},[124,181,182],{},"Perfect subjunctive",[124,184,185],{},"present subjunctive",[124,187,188],{},"haya hablado",[124,190,191],{},"(that) I have spoken",[103,193,194,197,200,203],{},[124,195,196],{},"Pluperfect subjunctive",[124,198,199],{},"imperfect subjunctive",[124,201,202],{},"hubiera hablado",[124,204,205],{},"(that) I had spoken",[58,207,208,209,214,215,214,219,223,224,228,229,232],{},"You already own four of these: the ",[210,211,213],"a",{"href":212},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-perfect","present perfect",", the ",[210,216,218],{"href":217},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpluperfect","pluperfect",[210,220,222],{"href":221},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpluperfect-subjunctive","conditional perfect"," and the two ",[210,225,227],{"href":226},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fperfect-subjunctive","compound"," ",[210,230,231],{"href":221},"subjunctives",". The future perfect completes the indicative set; the past anterior is a seventh, literary form we meet at the end.",[82,234,236],{"id":235},"the-future-perfect-habré-hablado","The future perfect: habré hablado",[58,238,239,240,243],{},"Take the ",[62,241,242],{},"future of haber"," and add the participle.",[97,245,246,259],{},[100,247,248],{},[103,249,250,253,256],{},[106,251,252],{},"Person",[106,254,255],{},"haber (future)",[106,257,258],{},"+ hablado",[119,260,261,271,282,293,304,315],{},[103,262,263,266,269],{},[124,264,265],{},"yo",[124,267,268],{},"habré",[124,270,160],{},[103,272,273,276,279],{},[124,274,275],{},"tú",[124,277,278],{},"habrás",[124,280,281],{},"habrás hablado",[103,283,284,287,290],{},[124,285,286],{},"él \u002F ella \u002F usted",[124,288,289],{},"habrá",[124,291,292],{},"habrá hablado",[103,294,295,298,301],{},[124,296,297],{},"nosotros",[124,299,300],{},"habremos",[124,302,303],{},"habremos hablado",[103,305,306,309,312],{},[124,307,308],{},"vosotros",[124,310,311],{},"habréis",[124,313,314],{},"habréis hablado",[103,316,317,320,323],{},[124,318,319],{},"ellos \u002F ellas \u002F ustedes",[124,321,322],{},"habrán",[124,324,325],{},"habrán hablado",[58,327,328,329,332,333,80],{},"The stem is the same irregular ",[62,330,331],{},"habr-"," as the simple future, and every form keeps the accent except the nosotros: ",[62,334,335],{},"habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán",[337,338,340],"h3",{"id":339},"what-will-have-happened-by-then","What will have happened by then",[58,342,343,344,347],{},"Its literal job is to place a completed action ",[62,345,346],{},"before a future point",". English says \"will have done\".",[349,350,351,358,372],"ul",{},[352,353,354,357],"li",{},[62,355,356],{},"Para el viernes habré terminado el informe."," (By Friday I will have finished the report.)",[352,359,360,363,364,228,368,371],{},[62,361,362],{},"Cuando llegues, ya habremos cenado."," (When you arrive, we will already have had dinner.) - note the ",[210,365,367],{"href":366},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-adverbial-clauses","subjunctive",[62,369,370],{},"llegues"," after cuando, and the future perfect in the main clause.",[352,373,374,377],{},[62,375,376],{},"Dentro de un año habrán construido el puente."," (Within a year they will have built the bridge.)",[337,379,381],{"id":380},"the-future-perfect-of-probability","The future perfect of probability",[58,383,384,385,388,389,393,394,397,398,401],{},"Far more common in speech is the ",[62,386,387],{},"guessing"," use. Just as the simple ",[210,390,392],{"href":391},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Ffuture-conditional-probability","future guesses about the present"," - ",[62,395,396],{},"serán las tres",", it must be about three - the ",[62,399,400],{},"future perfect guesses about the recent past",": it says \"will probably have \u002F must have\" done something.",[349,403,404,410,416],{},[352,405,406,409],{},[62,407,408],{},"Habrá llegado ya."," (He must have arrived by now \u002F He'll have arrived by now.)",[352,411,412,415],{},[62,413,414],{},"No contesta; se habrá quedado sin batería."," (He's not answering; he must have run out of battery.)",[352,417,418,421],{},[62,419,420],{},"¿Dónde está Ana? - Se habrá ido a casa."," (Where's Ana? - She'll have gone home.)",[58,423,424,425,428],{},"Same forms, two readings. Context decides: a time phrase like ",[62,426,427],{},"para el viernes"," signals a real future; a shrug about what has just happened signals conjecture.",[82,430,432],{"id":431},"the-past-anterior-hube-hablado","The past anterior: hube hablado",[58,434,435,436,438,439,442,443,446,447,450,451,454],{},"The ",[62,437,79],{}," (pretérito anterior) is ",[62,440,441],{},"haber in the preterite"," plus a participle: ",[62,444,445],{},"hube hablado, hubiste hablado, hubo hablado, hubimos hablado, hubisteis hablado, hubieron hablado",". It marks the moment ",[62,448,449],{},"immediately before"," another past action - a past-before-a-past, like the pluperfect, but stressing that the earlier action finished ",[62,452,453],{},"right before"," the next began.",[58,456,457,458,461,462,465],{},"Crucially, it is almost entirely ",[62,459,460],{},"literary and archaic",". You meet it after a small set of time conjunctions - ",[62,463,464],{},"apenas, en cuanto, cuando, una vez que, no bien, así que"," - in formal narrative:",[349,467,468,474,480],{},[352,469,470,473],{},[62,471,472],{},"En cuanto hubo terminado, se marchó."," (As soon as he had finished, he left.)",[352,475,476,479],{},[62,477,478],{},"Apenas hubo salido el sol, se pusieron en camino."," (Scarcely had the sun risen when they set off.)",[352,481,482,485],{},[62,483,484],{},"Cuando hubieron cenado, se retiraron al salón."," (When they had dined, they withdrew to the drawing room.)",[337,487,489],{"id":488},"you-will-read-it-not-write-it","You will read it, not write it",[58,491,492,493,496,497,500,501,504,505,507,508,511],{},"In every register below the most formal literary prose, the past anterior is ",[62,494,495],{},"replaced"," - by the plain ",[62,498,499],{},"preterite"," (",[62,502,503],{},"en cuanto terminó, se marchó",") or, less often, the ",[62,506,218],{},". So the practical rule is: ",[62,509,510],{},"recognise it"," when you read a novel or a formal report, understand it as \"had just done\", and otherwise reach for the preterite. You essentially never need to produce it.",[82,513,515],{"id":514},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[349,517,518,524,530,536,542],{},[352,519,520,523],{},[62,521,522],{},"Para las diez ya habré salido de casa."," (By ten I will already have left home.) - future perfect, real future.",[352,525,526,529],{},[62,527,528],{},"No ha venido; se habrá olvidado de la reunión."," (He hasn't come; he must have forgotten the meeting.) - future perfect of probability.",[352,531,532,535],{},[62,533,534],{},"Cuando termines, habré preparado la cena."," (When you finish, I will have made dinner.)",[352,537,538,541],{},[62,539,540],{},"En cuanto hubo firmado el contrato, cambió de opinión."," (As soon as he had signed the contract, he changed his mind.) - past anterior, literary.",[352,543,544,547],{},[62,545,546],{},"A estas horas ya habrán aterrizado."," (By now they will have landed.) - conjecture about a just-completed action.",[82,549,551],{"id":550},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[58,553,554,557,558,561],{},[62,555,556],{},"Reading every habré hablado as a future."," Half the time it is a guess about the past. ",[62,559,560],{},"Habrá llegado"," usually means \"he must have arrived\", not \"he will arrive\". Let the context, not the form, decide.",[58,563,564,567,568,571,572,575,576,579],{},[62,565,566],{},"Trying to use the past anterior in speech."," It sounds absurdly formal or simply wrong in conversation. Say ",[62,569,570],{},"en cuanto terminó"," (preterite) or ",[62,573,574],{},"cuando había terminado"," (pluperfect); leave ",[62,577,578],{},"hubo terminado"," to nineteenth-century novels.",[58,581,582,585,586,589,590,592],{},[62,583,584],{},"Forgetting the future perfect keeps the future accents."," It is ",[62,587,588],{},"habré, habrás, habrá... habréis, habrán"," - accents on all but ",[62,591,300],{},", exactly as the simple future.",[58,594,595,598,599,602],{},[62,596,597],{},"Making the participle agree."," As with every compound tense, the participle is invariable: ",[62,600,601],{},"habrán llegado, habrá escrito"," - never \"habrán llegados\".",[58,604,605,606,608],{},"One recipe, six everyday tenses and a literary seventh. Fix the map in your head - ",[62,607,64],{}," in tense X plus a frozen participle - and the future perfect and past anterior are just two more slots in a system you already know.",[82,610,612],{"id":611},"see-also","See also",[349,614,615,621,627,637],{},[352,616,617,620],{},[210,618,619],{"href":217},"The pluperfect"," - the compound tense this page pairs with, the past-before-a-past in ordinary use.",[352,622,623,626],{},[210,624,625],{"href":391},"The future and conditional of probability"," - the conjecture logic the future perfect of probability extends into the past.",[352,628,629,632,633,636],{},[210,630,631],{"href":226},"The perfect subjunctive"," and ",[210,634,635],{"href":221},"pluperfect subjunctive"," - the subjunctive members of the compound family.",[352,638,435,639,643],{},[210,640,642],{"href":641},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," has all six compound tenses on one card.",{"title":645,"searchDepth":646,"depth":646,"links":647},"",2,[648,649,654,657,658,659],{"id":84,"depth":646,"text":85},{"id":235,"depth":646,"text":236,"children":650},[651,653],{"id":339,"depth":652,"text":340},3,{"id":380,"depth":652,"text":381},{"id":431,"depth":646,"text":432,"children":655},[656],{"id":488,"depth":652,"text":489},{"id":514,"depth":646,"text":515},{"id":550,"depth":646,"text":551},{"id":611,"depth":646,"text":612},"B2","A map of the whole compound-tense system - haber in each tense plus a fixed participle - and a close look at the two remaining members: the future perfect (habré hablado) for what will have happened by a future point, and its everyday use for guessing about the recent past (habrá llegado ya, he must have arrived by now); plus the past anterior (hube hablado), the literary tense for the moment just before another past, met almost only after apenas, en cuanto and cuando in formal narrative. The six compound tenses side by side, so the pattern clicks.","md",[664,667,670],{"q":665,"a":666},"How do you form the future perfect in Spanish?","Take the future of haber - habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán - and add a past participle. So hablar gives habré hablado, comer gives habré comido. It means 'will have done': para el viernes habré terminado, by Friday I will have finished. The auxiliary uses the same irregular habr- stem as the simple future, and the participle is invariable.",{"q":668,"a":669},"What is the future perfect of probability?","Spanish uses the future perfect to guess about a finished action in the recent past, the way it uses the simple future to guess about the present. Habrá llegado ya means 'he has probably arrived by now' or 'he must have arrived by now' - not a statement about the future at all, but a supposition about a likely-completed event. Serán las tres guesses about now; habrán salido guesses about a just-past event. Context tells you whether habré hablado is a real future or a conjecture.",{"q":671,"a":672},"What is the past anterior and do I need to use it?","The past anterior (pretérito anterior) is haber in the preterite plus a participle - hube hablado, hubo terminado. It marks the moment immediately before another past action and appears almost only after apenas, en cuanto, cuando, una vez que and no bien in formal, literary narrative: en cuanto hubo terminado, se marchó (as soon as he had finished, he left). In modern speech it is replaced by the preterite or pluperfect, so you need to recognise it when reading but essentially never have to produce it.","higher","Spanish has one compound-tense recipe and six tenses that follow it: take the verb haber, put it in whatever tense you need, and bolt on a fixed past participle. You already have most of them - the present perfect (he hablado), the pluperfect (había hablado), the conditional perfect (habría hablado) and the two compound subjunctives (haya \u002F hubiera hablado). This page steps back to show the whole family on one page, then fills the two gaps: the future perfect, habré hablado, for what will already have happened by a point in the future - and, just as often, for a confident guess about the recent past; and the past anterior, hube hablado, a tense you will mostly only read, in formal narrative, for the instant immediately before another past action. Learn the map and the two newcomers slot straight in.","spanish",{},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcompound-tenses-overview",{"title":47,"description":661},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcompound-tenses-overview","UvDCYtV8pxGa0fWiymHHWZv56zfwGGG5VWO0NrOOLSU",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":683},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":685},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M20 20a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-7.9a2 2 0 0 1-1.69-.9L9.6 3.9A2 2 0 0 0 7.93 3H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2Zm-8-10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m15 13l-3 3l-3-3\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>"]