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stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":454,"date":35,"description":455,"extension":456,"faqs":457,"intro":476,"language":477,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":478,"navigation":479,"path":480,"seo":481,"stem":482,"verbSlugs":483,"__hash__":485},"pages\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fconjugating-ir-verbs-present.md","Conjugating Spanish -ir Verbs in the Present Tense",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":444},"minimark",[39,44,48,137,140,143,147,150,153,210,213,217,220,227,230,236,239,245,248,254,257,263,266,269,273,276,280,283,434,438,441],[40,41,43],"h2",{"id":42},"the-regular-ir-endings","The regular -ir endings",[45,46,47],"p",{},"Strip the -ir from the infinitive and bolt on the endings below. They are identical to the -er endings except in the nosotros and vosotros forms, where -ir keeps its i (-imos, -ís) instead of the -er e (-emos, -éis).",[49,50,51,67],"table",{},[52,53,54],"thead",{},[55,56,57,61,64],"tr",{},[58,59,60],"th",{},"Person",[58,62,63],{},"Ending",[58,65,66],{},"vivir (to live)",[68,69,70,82,93,104,115,126],"tbody",{},[55,71,72,76,79],{},[73,74,75],"td",{},"yo",[73,77,78],{},"-o",[73,80,81],{},"vivo",[55,83,84,87,90],{},[73,85,86],{},"tú",[73,88,89],{},"-es",[73,91,92],{},"vives",[55,94,95,98,101],{},[73,96,97],{},"él \u002F ella \u002F usted",[73,99,100],{},"-e",[73,102,103],{},"vive",[55,105,106,109,112],{},[73,107,108],{},"nosotros",[73,110,111],{},"-imos",[73,113,114],{},"vivimos",[55,116,117,120,123],{},[73,118,119],{},"vosotros",[73,121,122],{},"-ís",[73,124,125],{},"vivís",[55,127,128,131,134],{},[73,129,130],{},"ellos \u002F ellas \u002F Uds.",[73,132,133],{},"-en",[73,135,136],{},"viven",[45,138,139],{},"Vivo en Madrid desde hace diez años. (\"I have lived in Madrid for ten years.\")",[45,141,142],{},"That is the whole regular pattern. If every -ir verb behaved like vivir we would be done. Most do not.",[40,144,146],{"id":145},"stem-changing-ir-verbs","Stem-changing -ir verbs",[45,148,149],{},"-ir brings a vowel-shift pattern that -ar and -er do not have: e>i. The stressed e in the stem becomes i in every form except nosotros and vosotros (because stress falls on the ending there, not the stem).",[45,151,152],{},"The headline e>i verbs are pedir (to ask for), seguir (to follow), conseguir (to obtain), repetir (to repeat) and servir (to serve). Seguir adds a spelling wrinkle - the silent u after g is there to keep the g hard before e and i, but in the yo form the ending is -o, so the u is dropped:",[49,154,155,164],{},[52,156,157],{},[55,158,159,161],{},[58,160,60],{},[58,162,163],{},"seguir (to follow)",[68,165,166,173,180,188,195,202],{},[55,167,168,170],{},[73,169,75],{},[73,171,172],{},"sigo",[55,174,175,177],{},[73,176,86],{},[73,178,179],{},"sigues",[55,181,182,185],{},[73,183,184],{},"él\u002Fella",[73,186,187],{},"sigue",[55,189,190,192],{},[73,191,108],{},[73,193,194],{},"seguimos",[55,196,197,199],{},[73,198,119],{},[73,200,201],{},"seguís",[55,203,204,207],{},[73,205,206],{},"ellos",[73,208,209],{},"siguen",[45,211,212],{},"The older e>ie pattern from -ar\u002F-er verbs also shows up in -ir: sentir (to feel) gives siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sentís, sienten. Preferir works the same way. And the o>ue pattern is present too: dormir (to sleep) gives duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dormís, duermen. Morir (to die) is identical: muero, mueres, muere, morimos, morís, mueren.",[40,214,216],{"id":215},"the-big-irregulars","The big irregulars",[45,218,219],{},"Five -ir verbs do most of the damage. They are also five of the verbs you will use every day, so memorise them as a block.",[45,221,222,226],{},[223,224,225],"strong",{},"ir"," (to go) is totally suppletive - the present forms share no letters with the infinitive:",[45,228,229],{},"voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van.",[45,231,232,235],{},[223,233,234],{},"decir"," (to say) has an irregular yo form plus the e>i stem change:",[45,237,238],{},"digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen.",[45,240,241,244],{},[223,242,243],{},"venir"," (to come) has an irregular yo form plus the e>ie stem change:",[45,246,247],{},"vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen.",[45,249,250,253],{},[223,251,252],{},"salir"," (to leave, to go out) is regular everywhere except the yo form:",[45,255,256],{},"salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salís, salen.",[45,258,259,262],{},[223,260,261],{},"oír"," (to hear) is the messiest of the lot: irregular yo, a spelling y in the tú, él and ellos forms, and an accent on the í in the nosotros and vosotros forms to mark the stress:",[45,264,265],{},"oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen.",[45,267,268],{},"These five verbs alone are most of what makes -ir feel hard. Drill them until they come out without thinking and the rest of the class is much less intimidating.",[40,270,272],{"id":271},"the-easy-ones","The easy ones",[45,274,275],{},"A useful chunk of common -ir verbs are completely regular. Conjugate them by reflex using the vivir endings: vivir itself, abrir (to open), ocurrir (to happen). Conseguir is \"regular\" in the sense that its only oddity is the silent-u spelling rule plus the inherited e>i from seguir - no new pattern to learn.",[40,277,279],{"id":278},"the-13-ir-verbs-in-this-curriculum","The 13 -ir verbs in this curriculum",[45,281,282],{},"Sorted by conjugation behaviour, from most irregular to most regular:",[49,284,285,298],{},[52,286,287],{},[55,288,289,292,295],{},[58,290,291],{},"Verb",[58,293,294],{},"English",[58,296,297],{},"Pattern",[68,299,300,310,320,330,340,350,361,372,383,393,403,413,424],{},[55,301,302,304,307],{},[73,303,234],{},[73,305,306],{},"to say",[73,308,309],{},"yo digo + e>i",[55,311,312,314,317],{},[73,313,225],{},[73,315,316],{},"to go",[73,318,319],{},"totally suppletive",[55,321,322,324,327],{},[73,323,261],{},[73,325,326],{},"to hear",[73,328,329],{},"yo oigo + spelling y + accent",[55,331,332,334,337],{},[73,333,252],{},[73,335,336],{},"to leave",[73,338,339],{},"yo salgo",[55,341,342,344,347],{},[73,343,243],{},[73,345,346],{},"to come",[73,348,349],{},"yo vengo + e>ie",[55,351,352,355,358],{},[73,353,354],{},"vivir",[73,356,357],{},"to live",[73,359,360],{},"regular",[55,362,363,366,369],{},[73,364,365],{},"morir",[73,367,368],{},"to die",[73,370,371],{},"o>ue",[55,373,374,377,380],{},[73,375,376],{},"seguir",[73,378,379],{},"to follow",[73,381,382],{},"e>i + spelling (drop u)",[55,384,385,388,391],{},[73,386,387],{},"dormir",[73,389,390],{},"to sleep",[73,392,371],{},[55,394,395,398,401],{},[73,396,397],{},"conseguir",[73,399,400],{},"to obtain",[73,402,382],{},[55,404,405,408,411],{},[73,406,407],{},"ocurrir",[73,409,410],{},"to happen",[73,412,360],{},[55,414,415,418,421],{},[73,416,417],{},"sentir",[73,419,420],{},"to feel",[73,422,423],{},"e>ie",[55,425,426,429,432],{},[73,427,428],{},"abrir",[73,430,431],{},"to open",[73,433,360],{},[40,435,437],{"id":436},"how-to-internalise-ir-conjugation","How to internalise -ir conjugation",[45,439,440],{},"Drill the regular endings first - they are nearly identical to -er, with only the nosotros (-imos) and vosotros (-ís) differing. Once those are automatic, learn ir, decir, venir, salir and oír in full as a single block. You will use all five every day, often in the same sentence, so the investment pays back fast. After that, the e>i stem change is the one genuinely new mechanic that -ir brings (-ar and -er do not have it), so put pedir, seguir and servir on the same flashcards as the regular endings. The o>ue and e>ie patterns will already be familiar from -ar and -er verbs; here they just apply to a handful of high-frequency -ir verbs (dormir, morir, sentir, preferir).",[45,442,443],{},"Pick six verbs from the table above and conjugate each one out loud through all six persons. Do that three days running and the system will start to feel small rather than large.",{"title":445,"searchDepth":446,"depth":446,"links":447},"",2,[448,449,450,451,452,453],{"id":42,"depth":446,"text":43},{"id":145,"depth":446,"text":146},{"id":215,"depth":446,"text":216},{"id":271,"depth":446,"text":272},{"id":278,"depth":446,"text":279},{"id":436,"depth":446,"text":437},"A1-A2","How to conjugate Spanish -ir verbs in the present indicative - the regular endings, the e>i and o>ue stem-changers, the irregulars (ir, decir, venir, salir, oír), and the 13 most-frequent -ir verbs you'll meet in the first 1,000 Spanish words.","md",[458,461,464,467,470,473],{"q":459,"a":460},"What are the present-tense endings for Spanish -ir verbs?","The endings are -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en. They are identical to the -er endings except in nosotros and vosotros, where -ir keeps its i (-imos, -ís) instead of the -er e (-emos, -éis). So vivir gives vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven.",{"q":462,"a":463},"How do you conjugate vivir in the present?","Vivir is a textbook regular -ir verb: vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven. Strip the -ir from the infinitive and add the standard endings. Use it as your model for any other regular -ir verb you meet.",{"q":465,"a":466},"How do you conjugate ir (to go) in the present?","Ir is totally suppletive in the present, meaning the conjugated forms share no stem with the infinitive: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van. It looks like an -ar verb because it borrows its forms from an old Latin verb. Memorise it as a one-off; nothing else behaves this way.",{"q":468,"a":469},"How do you conjugate decir (to say) in the present?","Decir is doubly irregular: digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen. The yo form takes a -go ending, and the stem changes from e to i in the 1, 2, 3 and 6 forms (digo, dices, dice, dicen). Nosotros and vosotros stay regular and keep the e (decimos, decís).",{"q":471,"a":472},"What is an e>i stem-changing -ir verb?","An e>i stem-changer is an -ir verb whose stressed e in the stem becomes i in every form except nosotros and vosotros. Take seguir: sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen. The shift hits the 1, 2, 3 and 6 forms (the so-called boot pattern) because stress falls on the stem there; in nosotros and vosotros the stress moves to the ending, so the stem stays put.",{"q":474,"a":475},"How do you conjugate oír (to hear) in the present?","Oír is one of the trickier high-frequency verbs: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen. The yo form takes a -go ending, an unwritten i between vowels turns into a y in the 2, 3 and 6 forms, and nosotros and vosotros carry an accent on the í to break the diphthong (oímos, oís).","Spanish -ir verbs are the third conjugation class - the smallest of the three but home to several of the most-used verbs in the language (ir 'to go', decir 'to say', venir 'to come', oír 'to hear'). The regular -ir endings differ from -er endings only in nosotros and vosotros. The irregularities cluster around a handful of high-frequency verbs; learn those and the rest is straightforward.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fconjugating-ir-verbs-present",{"title":34,"description":455},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fconjugating-ir-verbs-present",[234,225,484,252,243,354,365,376,387,397],"oir","lQSZKKjb7AyiDKbJ3jbObLvGYXsS9a5uLA2TcZe4Vs0",[487,590,684,781,875,970,1010,1106,1194,1290],{"id":488,"title":489,"adjective":35,"audio":35,"author":35,"body":490,"cefrLevel":35,"date":35,"description":445,"exampleAudio":494,"examples":495,"extension":456,"faqs":35,"frequencyRank":511,"hskLevel":35,"images":35,"intro":35,"ipa":512,"ipaSecondary":35,"language":477,"lastUpdated":35,"lemma":234,"lessonNumber":513,"mandarin":35,"meta":514,"navigation":479,"noun":35,"partOfSpeech":515,"path":516,"pronoun":35,"relatedWords":517,"seo":523,"slug":234,"stem":524,"tier":525,"translation":526,"verb":527,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":589},"words\u002Fspanish\u002Fwords\u002Fdecir.md","Decir",{"type":37,"value":491,"toc":492},[],{"title":445,"searchDepth":446,"depth":446,"links":493},[],[35,35,35,35,35],[496,499,502,505,508],{"sentence":497,"translation":498},"Dime la verdad, por favor.","Tell me the truth, please.",{"sentence":500,"translation":501},"Como se dice 'gracias' en japones?","How do you say 'thank you' in Japanese?",{"sentence":503,"translation":504},"Dice que llegara tarde esta noche.","He says that he will arrive late tonight.",{"sentence":506,"translation":507},"Dijeron que el proyecto esta listo.","They said that the project is ready.",{"sentence":509,"translation":510,"audio":35},"No supe qué decir cuando me dieron la noticia.","I did not know what to say when they gave me the news.",20,"\u002Fdeˈθiɾ\u002F",1,{},"verb","\u002Fspanish\u002Fwords\u002Fdecir",[518,519,520,521,522],"hablar","contar","explicar","comentar","responder",{"description":445},"spanish\u002Fwords\u002Fdecir","core-1000","to say, to 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a la tienda, vuelvo en media hora.","I am going to the shop, I will be back in half an hour.",{"sentence":603,"translation":604,"audio":35},"Deberiamos ir juntos al aeropuerto.","We should go to the airport together.",{"sentence":606,"translation":607,"audio":35},"La cosa va a peor cada dia.","Things are getting worse every day.",{"sentence":609,"translation":610,"audio":35},"Vamos a empezar la reunión sin esperar a nadie más.","We are going to start the meeting without waiting for anyone else.",{"sentence":612,"translation":613,"audio":35},"El proyecto va muy bien gracias a tu ayuda.","The project is going very well thanks to your 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