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stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":2376,"date":35,"description":2377,"extension":2378,"faqs":35,"intro":2379,"language":2380,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":2381,"navigation":2382,"path":2383,"seo":2384,"stem":2385,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":2386},"pages\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fconjugation.md","Spanish Verb Conjugation: The Complete Rules with Examples",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":2338},"minimark",[39,44,48,104,107,111,114,245,259,263,266,367,370,395,399,402,493,495,524,528,531,622,624,645,649,652,670,673,687,691,698,795,797,814,824,828,835,926,928,951,955,962,967,1021,1024,1045,1048,1068,1073,1077,1080,1085,1175,1177,1185,1189,1239,1248,1252,1255,1276,1279,1293,1297,1300,1304,1327,1331,1354,1358,1368,1372,1398,1402,1413,1417,1420,1424,1541,1545,1658,1662,1769,1790,1794,1907,1911,2024,2059,2063,2066,2092,2095,2099,2102,2156,2163,2201,2213,2217,2224,2242,2244,2264,2268,2271,2292,2296],[40,41,43],"h2",{"id":42},"the-three-conjugation-classes","The three conjugation classes",[45,46,47],"p",{},"Every Spanish verb belongs to one of three classes based on its infinitive ending:",[49,50,51,67],"table",{},[52,53,54],"thead",{},[55,56,57,61,64],"tr",{},[58,59,60],"th",{},"Class",[58,62,63],{},"Ending",[58,65,66],{},"Example",[68,69,70,82,93],"tbody",{},[55,71,72,76,79],{},[73,74,75],"td",{},"First conjugation",[73,77,78],{},"-ar",[73,80,81],{},"hablar (to speak), comprar (to buy), trabajar (to work)",[55,83,84,87,90],{},[73,85,86],{},"Second conjugation",[73,88,89],{},"-er",[73,91,92],{},"comer (to eat), beber (to drink), vender (to sell)",[55,94,95,98,101],{},[73,96,97],{},"Third conjugation",[73,99,100],{},"-ir",[73,102,103],{},"vivir (to live), escribir (to write), abrir (to open)",[45,105,106],{},"The first conjugation (-ar) is by far the largest class - around 75% of Spanish verbs. The second and third classes share most of their endings, with only a handful of differences (usually in the first-person plural and the past tenses).",[40,108,110],{"id":109},"the-six-persons","The six persons",[45,112,113],{},"Spanish conjugates verbs in six persons:",[49,115,116,132],{},[52,117,118],{},[55,119,120,123,126,129],{},[58,121,122],{},"Person",[58,124,125],{},"Spanish",[58,127,128],{},"English",[58,130,131],{},"Notes",[68,133,134,148,161,175,189,203,217,231],{},[55,135,136,139,142,145],{},[73,137,138],{},"1st singular",[73,140,141],{},"yo",[73,143,144],{},"I",[73,146,147],{},"Subject pronoun often dropped.",[55,149,150,153,156,159],{},[73,151,152],{},"2nd singular informal",[73,154,155],{},"tu",[73,157,158],{},"you (informal)",[73,160,147],{},[55,162,163,166,169,172],{},[73,164,165],{},"2nd singular formal",[73,167,168],{},"usted",[73,170,171],{},"you (formal)",[73,173,174],{},"Uses 3rd person verb forms.",[55,176,177,180,183,186],{},[73,178,179],{},"3rd singular",[73,181,182],{},"el \u002F ella",[73,184,185],{},"he \u002F she \u002F it",[73,187,188],{},"Same form for both genders.",[55,190,191,194,197,200],{},[73,192,193],{},"1st plural",[73,195,196],{},"nosotros \u002F nosotras",[73,198,199],{},"we",[73,201,202],{},"Gender-marked but the verb form is identical.",[55,204,205,208,211,214],{},[73,206,207],{},"2nd plural informal",[73,209,210],{},"vosotros \u002F vosotras",[73,212,213],{},"you all (Spain only)",[73,215,216],{},"Not used in Latin America.",[55,218,219,222,225,228],{},[73,220,221],{},"2nd plural formal",[73,223,224],{},"ustedes",[73,226,227],{},"you all",[73,229,230],{},"Uses 3rd person plural in Spain too.",[55,232,233,236,239,242],{},[73,234,235],{},"3rd plural",[73,237,238],{},"ellos \u002F ellas",[73,240,241],{},"they",[73,243,244],{},"Same form regardless of gender mix.",[45,246,247,251,252,255,256,258],{},[248,249,250],"strong",{},"Regional note",": Argentine and Uruguayan Spanish use ",[248,253,254],{},"vos"," instead of ",[248,257,155],{},". The vos conjugation is different in the present and imperative.",[40,260,262],{"id":261},"present-tense-presente-de-indicativo","Present tense (presente de indicativo)",[45,264,265],{},"The present tense covers current ongoing actions, habitual actions, and near-future actions. The endings:",[49,267,268,283],{},[52,269,270],{},[55,271,272,274,277,280],{},[58,273,122],{},[58,275,276],{},"-ar (hablar)",[58,278,279],{},"-er (comer)",[58,281,282],{},"-ir (vivir)",[68,284,285,298,311,325,339,353],{},[55,286,287,289,292,295],{},[73,288,141],{},[73,290,291],{},"hablo",[73,293,294],{},"como",[73,296,297],{},"vivo",[55,299,300,302,305,308],{},[73,301,155],{},[73,303,304],{},"hablas",[73,306,307],{},"comes",[73,309,310],{},"vives",[55,312,313,316,319,322],{},[73,314,315],{},"el \u002F ella \u002F usted",[73,317,318],{},"habla",[73,320,321],{},"come",[73,323,324],{},"vive",[55,326,327,330,333,336],{},[73,328,329],{},"nosotros",[73,331,332],{},"hablamos",[73,334,335],{},"comemos",[73,337,338],{},"vivimos",[55,340,341,344,347,350],{},[73,342,343],{},"vosotros",[73,345,346],{},"hablais",[73,348,349],{},"comeis",[73,351,352],{},"vivis",[55,354,355,358,361,364],{},[73,356,357],{},"ellos \u002F ellas \u002F ustedes",[73,359,360],{},"hablan",[73,362,363],{},"comen",[73,365,366],{},"viven",[45,368,369],{},"Pattern points:",[371,372,373,381],"ul",{},[374,375,376,377,380],"li",{},"All three classes share the same first-person singular ending: ",[248,378,379],{},"-o",".",[374,382,383,384,386,387,389,390,386,392,394],{},"The -er and -ir classes share most endings; they differ only in the first-person plural (",[248,385,335],{}," vs ",[248,388,338],{},") and second-person plural (",[248,391,349],{},[248,393,352],{},").",[40,396,398],{"id":397},"preterite-preterito-past-completed-action","Preterite (preterito) - past completed action",[45,400,401],{},"The preterite expresses completed past actions with a definite endpoint (\"I went,\" \"she said,\" \"we arrived\").",[49,403,404,416],{},[52,405,406],{},[55,407,408,410,412,414],{},[58,409,122],{},[58,411,276],{},[58,413,279],{},[58,415,282],{},[68,417,418,431,444,456,467,480],{},[55,419,420,422,425,428],{},[73,421,141],{},[73,423,424],{},"hable",[73,426,427],{},"comi",[73,429,430],{},"vivi",[55,432,433,435,438,441],{},[73,434,155],{},[73,436,437],{},"hablaste",[73,439,440],{},"comiste",[73,442,443],{},"viviste",[55,445,446,448,450,453],{},[73,447,315],{},[73,449,291],{},[73,451,452],{},"comio",[73,454,455],{},"vivio",[55,457,458,460,462,465],{},[73,459,329],{},[73,461,332],{},[73,463,464],{},"comimos",[73,466,338],{},[55,468,469,471,474,477],{},[73,470,343],{},[73,472,473],{},"hablasteis",[73,475,476],{},"comisteis",[73,478,479],{},"vivisteis",[55,481,482,484,487,490],{},[73,483,357],{},[73,485,486],{},"hablaron",[73,488,489],{},"comieron",[73,491,492],{},"vivieron",[45,494,369],{},[371,496,497,504,513],{},[374,498,499,500,503],{},"The -er and -ir classes share ",[248,501,502],{},"identical"," preterite endings (only the -ar class diverges).",[374,505,506,507,509,510,512],{},"The nosotros form for -ar and -ir verbs is identical in present and preterite (",[248,508,332],{},", ",[248,511,338],{},") - context determines which one is meant.",[374,514,515,516,519,520,523],{},"Critical accents: the yo form (",[248,517,518],{},"hable, comi",") and the 3rd singular form (",[248,521,522],{},"hablo, comio",") carry written accents that distinguish them from the present forms.",[40,525,527],{"id":526},"imperfect-imperfecto-past-ongoing-or-habitual","Imperfect (imperfecto) - past ongoing or habitual",[45,529,530],{},"The imperfect expresses past ongoing, habitual, or background actions (\"I used to live,\" \"she was speaking,\" \"we always went\").",[49,532,533,545],{},[52,534,535],{},[55,536,537,539,541,543],{},[58,538,122],{},[58,540,276],{},[58,542,279],{},[58,544,282],{},[68,546,547,560,573,583,596,609],{},[55,548,549,551,554,557],{},[73,550,141],{},[73,552,553],{},"hablaba",[73,555,556],{},"comia",[73,558,559],{},"vivia",[55,561,562,564,567,570],{},[73,563,155],{},[73,565,566],{},"hablabas",[73,568,569],{},"comias",[73,571,572],{},"vivias",[55,574,575,577,579,581],{},[73,576,315],{},[73,578,553],{},[73,580,556],{},[73,582,559],{},[55,584,585,587,590,593],{},[73,586,329],{},[73,588,589],{},"hablabamos",[73,591,592],{},"comiamos",[73,594,595],{},"viviamos",[55,597,598,600,603,606],{},[73,599,343],{},[73,601,602],{},"hablabais",[73,604,605],{},"comiais",[73,607,608],{},"viviais",[55,610,611,613,616,619],{},[73,612,357],{},[73,614,615],{},"hablaban",[73,617,618],{},"comian",[73,620,621],{},"vivian",[45,623,369],{},[371,625,626,633,638],{},[374,627,628,629,632],{},"The imperfect is ",[248,630,631],{},"extremely regular"," - only three verbs have irregular imperfect forms (ser, ir, ver).",[374,634,499,635,637],{},[248,636,502],{}," imperfect endings.",[374,639,640,641,644],{},"The yo and 3rd singular forms are identical (",[248,642,643],{},"hablaba, comia, vivia",") - context disambiguates.",[40,646,648],{"id":647},"preterite-vs-imperfect","Preterite vs imperfect",[45,650,651],{},"The single biggest grammatical hurdle in Spanish for English speakers. Both translate as English past tense but they signal different aspects:",[371,653,654,662],{},[374,655,656,659,660,380],{},[248,657,658],{},"Preterite"," = completed, bounded action. \"I lived in Madrid for 3 years\" (boundary stated) = ",[248,661,430],{},[374,663,664,667,668,380],{},[248,665,666],{},"Imperfect"," = ongoing or habitual past. \"I lived in Madrid when I was young\" (no boundary, background context) = ",[248,669,559],{},[45,671,672],{},"Useful tests:",[371,674,675,678,681,684],{},[374,676,677],{},"Can you replace it with \"used to\" in English? → imperfect.",[374,679,680],{},"Is there a specific endpoint mentioned? → preterite.",[374,682,683],{},"Is the verb describing a state or background? → imperfect.",[374,685,686],{},"Is the verb describing a discrete event? → preterite.",[40,688,690],{"id":689},"future-futuro-simple","Future (futuro simple)",[45,692,693,694,697],{},"The future tense expresses future actions. The endings are ",[248,695,696],{},"added to the full infinitive"," (not removed):",[49,699,700,715],{},[52,701,702],{},[55,703,704,706,709,712],{},[58,705,122],{},[58,707,708],{},"hablar",[58,710,711],{},"comer",[58,713,714],{},"vivir",[68,716,717,730,743,756,769,782],{},[55,718,719,721,724,727],{},[73,720,141],{},[73,722,723],{},"hablare",[73,725,726],{},"comere",[73,728,729],{},"vivire",[55,731,732,734,737,740],{},[73,733,155],{},[73,735,736],{},"hablaras",[73,738,739],{},"comeras",[73,741,742],{},"viviras",[55,744,745,747,750,753],{},[73,746,315],{},[73,748,749],{},"hablara",[73,751,752],{},"comera",[73,754,755],{},"vivira",[55,757,758,760,763,766],{},[73,759,329],{},[73,761,762],{},"hablaremos",[73,764,765],{},"comeremos",[73,767,768],{},"viviremos",[55,770,771,773,776,779],{},[73,772,343],{},[73,774,775],{},"hablareis",[73,777,778],{},"comereis",[73,780,781],{},"vivireis",[55,783,784,786,789,792],{},[73,785,357],{},[73,787,788],{},"hablaran",[73,790,791],{},"comeran",[73,793,794],{},"viviran",[45,796,369],{},[371,798,799,805,811],{},[374,800,801,802,804],{},"All three classes share ",[248,803,502],{}," future endings.",[374,806,807,808,380],{},"The endings attach to the infinitive: ",[248,809,810],{},"hablar + e = hablare",[374,812,813],{},"All forms carry written accents except the nosotros form.",[45,815,816,819,820,823],{},[248,817,818],{},"Note on usage",": In spoken Spanish, the simple future is often replaced by the ",[248,821,822],{},"ir a + infinitive"," construction (\"voy a hablar\" - I am going to speak), particularly in Latin American Spanish. The simple future remains common in writing and for emphasis.",[40,825,827],{"id":826},"conditional-condicional","Conditional (condicional)",[45,829,830,831,834],{},"The conditional expresses hypothetical or polite actions (\"I would speak,\" \"she would eat\"). Same endings as the imperfect of -er and -ir verbs, but attached to the ",[248,832,833],{},"full infinitive",":",[49,836,837,849],{},[52,838,839],{},[55,840,841,843,845,847],{},[58,842,122],{},[58,844,708],{},[58,846,711],{},[58,848,714],{},[68,850,851,864,877,887,900,913],{},[55,852,853,855,858,861],{},[73,854,141],{},[73,856,857],{},"hablaria",[73,859,860],{},"comeria",[73,862,863],{},"viviria",[55,865,866,868,871,874],{},[73,867,155],{},[73,869,870],{},"hablarias",[73,872,873],{},"comerias",[73,875,876],{},"vivirias",[55,878,879,881,883,885],{},[73,880,315],{},[73,882,857],{},[73,884,860],{},[73,886,863],{},[55,888,889,891,894,897],{},[73,890,329],{},[73,892,893],{},"hablariamos",[73,895,896],{},"comeriamos",[73,898,899],{},"viviriamos",[55,901,902,904,907,910],{},[73,903,343],{},[73,905,906],{},"hablariais",[73,908,909],{},"comeriais",[73,911,912],{},"viviriais",[55,914,915,917,920,923],{},[73,916,357],{},[73,918,919],{},"hablarian",[73,921,922],{},"comerian",[73,924,925],{},"vivirian",[45,927,369],{},[371,929,930,935,940],{},[374,931,801,932,934],{},[248,933,502],{}," conditional endings.",[374,936,807,937,380],{},[248,938,939],{},"hablar + ia = hablaria",[374,941,942,943,946,947,950],{},"The conditional is critical for polite requests: ",[248,944,945],{},"querria"," (I would like), ",[248,948,949],{},"podrias"," (could you).",[40,952,954],{"id":953},"present-perfect-preterito-perfecto","Present perfect (preterito perfecto)",[45,956,957,958,961],{},"Compound tense using the present of ",[248,959,960],{},"haber"," + past participle. Expresses past actions with relevance to the present (\"I have eaten,\" \"she has spoken\").",[45,963,964,965,834],{},"The present of ",[248,966,960],{},[49,968,969,977],{},[52,970,971],{},[55,972,973,975],{},[58,974,122],{},[58,976,960],{},[68,978,979,986,993,1000,1007,1014],{},[55,980,981,983],{},[73,982,141],{},[73,984,985],{},"he",[55,987,988,990],{},[73,989,155],{},[73,991,992],{},"has",[55,994,995,997],{},[73,996,315],{},[73,998,999],{},"ha",[55,1001,1002,1004],{},[73,1003,329],{},[73,1005,1006],{},"hemos",[55,1008,1009,1011],{},[73,1010,343],{},[73,1012,1013],{},"habeis",[55,1015,1016,1018],{},[73,1017,357],{},[73,1019,1020],{},"han",[45,1022,1023],{},"The past participle is formed:",[371,1025,1026,1036],{},[374,1027,1028,1031,1032,1035],{},[248,1029,1030],{},"-ar verbs",": stem + ",[248,1033,1034],{},"-ado"," (hablar → hablado).",[374,1037,1038,1031,1041,1044],{},[248,1039,1040],{},"-er and -ir verbs",[248,1042,1043],{},"-ido"," (comer → comido, vivir → vivido).",[45,1046,1047],{},"Examples:",[371,1049,1050,1056,1062],{},[374,1051,1052,1055],{},[248,1053,1054],{},"He hablado"," - I have spoken.",[374,1057,1058,1061],{},[248,1059,1060],{},"Has comido"," - You have eaten.",[374,1063,1064,1067],{},[248,1065,1066],{},"Hemos vivido"," - We have lived.",[45,1069,1070,1072],{},[248,1071,250],{},": In Spain, the present perfect is used much more frequently than in Latin America. Spanish Spain uses \"he comido\" for \"I ate (today)\" whereas Latin American Spanish would use the preterite \"comi\".",[40,1074,1076],{"id":1075},"subjunctive-mood-subjuntivo","Subjunctive mood (subjuntivo)",[45,1078,1079],{},"The subjunctive expresses doubt, emotion, possibility, desire, and other non-factual contexts. It is one of the most challenging features of Spanish for English speakers because English subjunctive is minimal.",[1081,1082,1084],"h3",{"id":1083},"present-subjunctive-endings","Present subjunctive endings",[49,1086,1087,1099],{},[52,1088,1089],{},[55,1090,1091,1093,1095,1097],{},[58,1092,122],{},[58,1094,276],{},[58,1096,279],{},[58,1098,282],{},[68,1100,1101,1113,1126,1136,1149,1162],{},[55,1102,1103,1105,1107,1110],{},[73,1104,141],{},[73,1106,424],{},[73,1108,1109],{},"coma",[73,1111,1112],{},"viva",[55,1114,1115,1117,1120,1123],{},[73,1116,155],{},[73,1118,1119],{},"hables",[73,1121,1122],{},"comas",[73,1124,1125],{},"vivas",[55,1127,1128,1130,1132,1134],{},[73,1129,315],{},[73,1131,424],{},[73,1133,1109],{},[73,1135,1112],{},[55,1137,1138,1140,1143,1146],{},[73,1139,329],{},[73,1141,1142],{},"hablemos",[73,1144,1145],{},"comamos",[73,1147,1148],{},"vivamos",[55,1150,1151,1153,1156,1159],{},[73,1152,343],{},[73,1154,1155],{},"hableis",[73,1157,1158],{},"comais",[73,1160,1161],{},"vivais",[55,1163,1164,1166,1169,1172],{},[73,1165,357],{},[73,1167,1168],{},"hablen",[73,1170,1171],{},"coman",[73,1173,1174],{},"vivan",[45,1176,369],{},[371,1178,1179,1182],{},[374,1180,1181],{},"The -ar class takes -e endings; the -er and -ir classes take -a endings (the opposite of the present indicative).",[374,1183,1184],{},"To form the present subjunctive: take the yo form of the present indicative, drop the -o, add the subjunctive endings.",[1081,1186,1188],{"id":1187},"when-to-use-the-subjunctive","When to use the subjunctive",[371,1190,1191,1198,1205,1212,1219,1226],{},[374,1192,1193,1194,1197],{},"After expressions of doubt: ",[248,1195,1196],{},"No creo que venga"," (I don't think she's coming).",[374,1199,1200,1201,1204],{},"After expressions of emotion: ",[248,1202,1203],{},"Me alegra que estes aqui"," (I'm glad you're here).",[374,1206,1207,1208,1211],{},"After expressions of desire: ",[248,1209,1210],{},"Quiero que vengas"," (I want you to come).",[374,1213,1214,1215,1218],{},"After impersonal expressions: ",[248,1216,1217],{},"Es importante que estudies"," (It's important you study).",[374,1220,1221,1222,1225],{},"In hypothetical or unreal conditions: ",[248,1223,1224],{},"Si tuviera tiempo, viajaria"," (If I had time, I would travel).",[374,1227,1228,1229,509,1232,509,1235,1238],{},"After certain conjunctions: ",[248,1230,1231],{},"antes de que",[248,1233,1234],{},"para que",[248,1236,1237],{},"sin que",", etc.",[45,1240,1241,1242,1247],{},"The ",[1243,1244,1246],"a",{"href":1245},"\u002Fresources\u002Fspanish-subjunctive-explained","Spanish subjunctive deep-dive"," covers the full usage rules.",[1081,1249,1251],{"id":1250},"imperfect-subjunctive","Imperfect subjunctive",[45,1253,1254],{},"Formed from the third-person plural preterite, dropping -ron, adding the imperfect subjunctive endings:",[371,1256,1257,1265],{},[374,1258,1259,1261,1262],{},[248,1260,486],{}," → ",[248,1263,1264],{},"hablara, hablaras, hablara, hablaramos, hablarais, hablaran",[374,1266,1267,1268,1271,1272,1275],{},"(Or the alternative ending: ",[248,1269,1270],{},"-se"," forms - ",[248,1273,1274],{},"hablase, hablases, etc."," - equally valid, more formal\u002Fliterary in Spain, less common in Latin America.)",[45,1277,1278],{},"Used for past subjunctive and hypothetical conditions:",[371,1280,1281,1287],{},[374,1282,1283,1286],{},[248,1284,1285],{},"Si tuviera dinero, viajaria"," (If I had money, I would travel).",[374,1288,1289,1292],{},[248,1290,1291],{},"Quiso que viniera"," (He wanted me to come).",[40,1294,1296],{"id":1295},"imperative-imperativo","Imperative (imperativo)",[45,1298,1299],{},"Used for commands.",[1081,1301,1303],{"id":1302},"tu-form-informal-singular-command","Tu form (informal singular command)",[371,1305,1306,1315],{},[374,1307,1308,1309,509,1311,509,1313,394],{},"Affirmative: 3rd person singular present indicative (",[248,1310,318],{},[248,1312,321],{},[248,1314,324],{},[374,1316,1317,1318,509,1321,509,1324,394],{},"Negative: 2nd person singular present subjunctive (",[248,1319,1320],{},"no hables",[248,1322,1323],{},"no comas",[248,1325,1326],{},"no vivas",[1081,1328,1330],{"id":1329},"usted-form-formal-singular-command","Usted form (formal singular command)",[371,1332,1333,1342],{},[374,1334,1335,1336,509,1338,509,1340,394],{},"Affirmative: 3rd person singular present subjunctive (",[248,1337,424],{},[248,1339,1109],{},[248,1341,1112],{},[374,1343,1344,1345,509,1348,509,1351,394],{},"Negative: same form (",[248,1346,1347],{},"no hable",[248,1349,1350],{},"no coma",[248,1352,1353],{},"no viva",[1081,1355,1357],{"id":1356},"nosotros-form-lets-command","Nosotros form (let's command)",[371,1359,1360],{},[374,1361,1362,1363,509,1365,394],{},"Both affirmative and negative use 1st person plural present subjunctive (",[248,1364,1142],{},[248,1366,1367],{},"no hablemos",[1081,1369,1371],{"id":1370},"vosotros-form-spain-informal-plural","Vosotros form (Spain informal plural)",[371,1373,1374,1386],{},[374,1375,1376,1377,509,1380,509,1383,394],{},"Affirmative: replace the -r of the infinitive with -d (",[248,1378,1379],{},"hablad",[248,1381,1382],{},"comed",[248,1384,1385],{},"vivid",[374,1387,1388,1389,509,1392,509,1395,394],{},"Negative: 2nd person plural present subjunctive (",[248,1390,1391],{},"no hableis",[248,1393,1394],{},"no comais",[248,1396,1397],{},"no vivais",[1081,1399,1401],{"id":1400},"ustedes-form-formaluniversal-plural","Ustedes form (formal\u002Funiversal plural)",[371,1403,1404],{},[374,1405,1406,1407,509,1409,509,1411,394],{},"3rd person plural present subjunctive (",[248,1408,1168],{},[248,1410,1171],{},[248,1412,1174],{},[40,1414,1416],{"id":1415},"the-most-important-irregular-verbs","The most important irregular verbs",[45,1418,1419],{},"Spanish has many irregular verbs but the workhorse ones to master first are these:",[1081,1421,1423],{"id":1422},"ser-to-be-permanentessential","Ser (to be - permanent\u002Fessential)",[49,1425,1426,1442],{},[52,1427,1428],{},[55,1429,1430,1432,1435,1437,1439],{},[58,1431,122],{},[58,1433,1434],{},"Present",[58,1436,658],{},[58,1438,666],{},[58,1440,1441],{},"Future",[68,1443,1444,1460,1476,1492,1508,1524],{},[55,1445,1446,1448,1451,1454,1457],{},[73,1447,141],{},[73,1449,1450],{},"soy",[73,1452,1453],{},"fui",[73,1455,1456],{},"era",[73,1458,1459],{},"sere",[55,1461,1462,1464,1467,1470,1473],{},[73,1463,155],{},[73,1465,1466],{},"eres",[73,1468,1469],{},"fuiste",[73,1471,1472],{},"eras",[73,1474,1475],{},"seras",[55,1477,1478,1481,1484,1487,1489],{},[73,1479,1480],{},"el",[73,1482,1483],{},"es",[73,1485,1486],{},"fue",[73,1488,1456],{},[73,1490,1491],{},"sera",[55,1493,1494,1496,1499,1502,1505],{},[73,1495,329],{},[73,1497,1498],{},"somos",[73,1500,1501],{},"fuimos",[73,1503,1504],{},"eramos",[73,1506,1507],{},"seremos",[55,1509,1510,1512,1515,1518,1521],{},[73,1511,343],{},[73,1513,1514],{},"sois",[73,1516,1517],{},"fuisteis",[73,1519,1520],{},"erais",[73,1522,1523],{},"sereis",[55,1525,1526,1529,1532,1535,1538],{},[73,1527,1528],{},"ellos",[73,1530,1531],{},"son",[73,1533,1534],{},"fueron",[73,1536,1537],{},"eran",[73,1539,1540],{},"seran",[1081,1542,1544],{"id":1543},"estar-to-be-temporarylocation","Estar (to be - temporary\u002Flocation)",[49,1546,1547,1561],{},[52,1548,1549],{},[55,1550,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559],{},[58,1552,122],{},[58,1554,1434],{},[58,1556,658],{},[58,1558,666],{},[58,1560,1441],{},[68,1562,1563,1579,1595,1610,1626,1642],{},[55,1564,1565,1567,1570,1573,1576],{},[73,1566,141],{},[73,1568,1569],{},"estoy",[73,1571,1572],{},"estuve",[73,1574,1575],{},"estaba",[73,1577,1578],{},"estare",[55,1580,1581,1583,1586,1589,1592],{},[73,1582,155],{},[73,1584,1585],{},"estas",[73,1587,1588],{},"estuviste",[73,1590,1591],{},"estabas",[73,1593,1594],{},"estaras",[55,1596,1597,1599,1602,1605,1607],{},[73,1598,1480],{},[73,1600,1601],{},"esta",[73,1603,1604],{},"estuvo",[73,1606,1575],{},[73,1608,1609],{},"estara",[55,1611,1612,1614,1617,1620,1623],{},[73,1613,329],{},[73,1615,1616],{},"estamos",[73,1618,1619],{},"estuvimos",[73,1621,1622],{},"estabamos",[73,1624,1625],{},"estaremos",[55,1627,1628,1630,1633,1636,1639],{},[73,1629,343],{},[73,1631,1632],{},"estais",[73,1634,1635],{},"estuvisteis",[73,1637,1638],{},"estabais",[73,1640,1641],{},"estareis",[55,1643,1644,1646,1649,1652,1655],{},[73,1645,1528],{},[73,1647,1648],{},"estan",[73,1650,1651],{},"estuvieron",[73,1653,1654],{},"estaban",[73,1656,1657],{},"estaran",[1081,1659,1661],{"id":1660},"ir-to-go","Ir (to go)",[49,1663,1664,1678],{},[52,1665,1666],{},[55,1667,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676],{},[58,1669,122],{},[58,1671,1434],{},[58,1673,658],{},[58,1675,666],{},[58,1677,1441],{},[68,1679,1680,1695,1710,1724,1739,1754],{},[55,1681,1682,1684,1687,1689,1692],{},[73,1683,141],{},[73,1685,1686],{},"voy",[73,1688,1453],{},[73,1690,1691],{},"iba",[73,1693,1694],{},"ire",[55,1696,1697,1699,1702,1704,1707],{},[73,1698,155],{},[73,1700,1701],{},"vas",[73,1703,1469],{},[73,1705,1706],{},"ibas",[73,1708,1709],{},"iras",[55,1711,1712,1714,1717,1719,1721],{},[73,1713,1480],{},[73,1715,1716],{},"va",[73,1718,1486],{},[73,1720,1691],{},[73,1722,1723],{},"ira",[55,1725,1726,1728,1731,1733,1736],{},[73,1727,329],{},[73,1729,1730],{},"vamos",[73,1732,1501],{},[73,1734,1735],{},"ibamos",[73,1737,1738],{},"iremos",[55,1740,1741,1743,1746,1748,1751],{},[73,1742,343],{},[73,1744,1745],{},"vais",[73,1747,1517],{},[73,1749,1750],{},"ibais",[73,1752,1753],{},"ireis",[55,1755,1756,1758,1761,1763,1766],{},[73,1757,1528],{},[73,1759,1760],{},"van",[73,1762,1534],{},[73,1764,1765],{},"iban",[73,1767,1768],{},"iran",[45,1770,1771,1774,1775,1778,1779,1782,1783,1785,1786,1789],{},[248,1772,1773],{},"Note",": The preterite of ",[248,1776,1777],{},"ir"," (to go) and ",[248,1780,1781],{},"ser"," (to be) is ",[248,1784,502],{}," - context determines which verb is meant. ",[248,1787,1788],{},"Fui"," can mean \"I went\" or \"I was.\"",[1081,1791,1793],{"id":1792},"tener-to-have","Tener (to have)",[49,1795,1796,1810],{},[52,1797,1798],{},[55,1799,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808],{},[58,1801,122],{},[58,1803,1434],{},[58,1805,658],{},[58,1807,666],{},[58,1809,1441],{},[68,1811,1812,1828,1844,1859,1875,1891],{},[55,1813,1814,1816,1819,1822,1825],{},[73,1815,141],{},[73,1817,1818],{},"tengo",[73,1820,1821],{},"tuve",[73,1823,1824],{},"tenia",[73,1826,1827],{},"tendre",[55,1829,1830,1832,1835,1838,1841],{},[73,1831,155],{},[73,1833,1834],{},"tienes",[73,1836,1837],{},"tuviste",[73,1839,1840],{},"tenias",[73,1842,1843],{},"tendras",[55,1845,1846,1848,1851,1854,1856],{},[73,1847,1480],{},[73,1849,1850],{},"tiene",[73,1852,1853],{},"tuvo",[73,1855,1824],{},[73,1857,1858],{},"tendra",[55,1860,1861,1863,1866,1869,1872],{},[73,1862,329],{},[73,1864,1865],{},"tenemos",[73,1867,1868],{},"tuvimos",[73,1870,1871],{},"teniamos",[73,1873,1874],{},"tendremos",[55,1876,1877,1879,1882,1885,1888],{},[73,1878,343],{},[73,1880,1881],{},"teneis",[73,1883,1884],{},"tuvisteis",[73,1886,1887],{},"teniais",[73,1889,1890],{},"tendreis",[55,1892,1893,1895,1898,1901,1904],{},[73,1894,1528],{},[73,1896,1897],{},"tienen",[73,1899,1900],{},"tuvieron",[73,1902,1903],{},"tenian",[73,1905,1906],{},"tendran",[1081,1908,1910],{"id":1909},"hacer-to-domake","Hacer (to do\u002Fmake)",[49,1912,1913,1927],{},[52,1914,1915],{},[55,1916,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925],{},[58,1918,122],{},[58,1920,1434],{},[58,1922,658],{},[58,1924,666],{},[58,1926,1441],{},[68,1928,1929,1945,1961,1976,1992,2008],{},[55,1930,1931,1933,1936,1939,1942],{},[73,1932,141],{},[73,1934,1935],{},"hago",[73,1937,1938],{},"hice",[73,1940,1941],{},"hacia",[73,1943,1944],{},"hare",[55,1946,1947,1949,1952,1955,1958],{},[73,1948,155],{},[73,1950,1951],{},"haces",[73,1953,1954],{},"hiciste",[73,1956,1957],{},"hacias",[73,1959,1960],{},"haras",[55,1962,1963,1965,1968,1971,1973],{},[73,1964,1480],{},[73,1966,1967],{},"hace",[73,1969,1970],{},"hizo",[73,1972,1941],{},[73,1974,1975],{},"hara",[55,1977,1978,1980,1983,1986,1989],{},[73,1979,329],{},[73,1981,1982],{},"hacemos",[73,1984,1985],{},"hicimos",[73,1987,1988],{},"haciamos",[73,1990,1991],{},"haremos",[55,1993,1994,1996,1999,2002,2005],{},[73,1995,343],{},[73,1997,1998],{},"haceis",[73,2000,2001],{},"hicisteis",[73,2003,2004],{},"haciais",[73,2006,2007],{},"hareis",[55,2009,2010,2012,2015,2018,2021],{},[73,2011,1528],{},[73,2013,2014],{},"hacen",[73,2016,2017],{},"hicieron",[73,2019,2020],{},"hacian",[73,2022,2023],{},"haran",[45,2025,2026,2027,2030,2031,2034,2035,2038,2039,2042,2043,2046,2047,2050,2051,2054,2055,2058],{},"Other high-frequency irregulars worth memorising: ",[248,2028,2029],{},"decir"," (to say), ",[248,2032,2033],{},"poder"," (to be able), ",[248,2036,2037],{},"querer"," (to want), ",[248,2040,2041],{},"saber"," (to know), ",[248,2044,2045],{},"ver"," (to see), ",[248,2048,2049],{},"venir"," (to come), ",[248,2052,2053],{},"dar"," (to give), ",[248,2056,2057],{},"poner"," (to put).",[40,2060,2062],{"id":2061},"stem-changing-verbs","Stem-changing verbs",[45,2064,2065],{},"A large class of verbs that follow regular endings but change their stem vowel in stressed forms (present tense first\u002Fsecond\u002Fthird singular and third plural). The patterns:",[371,2067,2068,2074,2080,2086],{},[374,2069,2070,2073],{},[248,2071,2072],{},"e → ie",": pensar (to think) → pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensais, piensan.",[374,2075,2076,2079],{},[248,2077,2078],{},"o → ue",": poder (to be able) → puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podeis, pueden.",[374,2081,2082,2085],{},[248,2083,2084],{},"e → i",": pedir (to ask for) → pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedis, piden (-ir verbs only).",[374,2087,2088,2091],{},[248,2089,2090],{},"u → ue",": jugar (to play) → juego, juegas, juega, jugamos, jugais, juegan (only one verb in this class).",[45,2093,2094],{},"The stem change does NOT occur in the nosotros and vosotros forms (where the stress falls on the ending).",[40,2096,2098],{"id":2097},"reflexive-verbs","Reflexive verbs",[45,2100,2101],{},"Reflexive verbs (verbs whose subject and object are the same) take reflexive pronouns:",[49,2103,2104,2113],{},[52,2105,2106],{},[55,2107,2108,2110],{},[58,2109,122],{},[58,2111,2112],{},"Reflexive pronoun",[68,2114,2115,2122,2129,2136,2143,2150],{},[55,2116,2117,2119],{},[73,2118,141],{},[73,2120,2121],{},"me",[55,2123,2124,2126],{},[73,2125,155],{},[73,2127,2128],{},"te",[55,2130,2131,2133],{},[73,2132,315],{},[73,2134,2135],{},"se",[55,2137,2138,2140],{},[73,2139,329],{},[73,2141,2142],{},"nos",[55,2144,2145,2147],{},[73,2146,343],{},[73,2148,2149],{},"os",[55,2151,2152,2154],{},[73,2153,357],{},[73,2155,2135],{},[45,2157,2158,2159,2162],{},"Example with ",[248,2160,2161],{},"levantarse"," (to get up):",[371,2164,2165,2171,2177,2183,2189,2195],{},[374,2166,2167,2170],{},[248,2168,2169],{},"Me levanto"," - I get (myself) up.",[374,2172,2173,2176],{},[248,2174,2175],{},"Te levantas"," - You get up.",[374,2178,2179,2182],{},[248,2180,2181],{},"Se levanta"," - He \u002F she gets up.",[374,2184,2185,2188],{},[248,2186,2187],{},"Nos levantamos"," - We get up.",[374,2190,2191,2194],{},[248,2192,2193],{},"Os levantais"," - You all get up (Spain).",[374,2196,2197,2200],{},[248,2198,2199],{},"Se levantan"," - They get up.",[45,2202,2203,2204,509,2207,509,2210,380],{},"The reflexive pronoun typically comes before the conjugated verb. With infinitives, gerunds, and affirmative imperatives, it attaches to the end: ",[248,2205,2206],{},"levantarme",[248,2208,2209],{},"levantandome",[248,2211,2212],{},"levantate",[40,2214,2216],{"id":2215},"progressive-tenses","Progressive tenses",[45,2218,2219,2220,2223],{},"Formed with ",[248,2221,2222],{},"estar"," + gerund. The gerund:",[371,2225,2226,2234],{},[374,2227,2228,1031,2230,2233],{},[248,2229,1030],{},[248,2231,2232],{},"-ando"," (hablar → hablando).",[374,2235,2236,1031,2238,2241],{},[248,2237,1040],{},[248,2239,2240],{},"-iendo"," (comer → comiendo, vivir → viviendo).",[45,2243,1047],{},[371,2245,2246,2252,2258],{},[374,2247,2248,2251],{},[248,2249,2250],{},"Estoy hablando"," - I am speaking.",[374,2253,2254,2257],{},[248,2255,2256],{},"Estaba comiendo"," - I was eating.",[374,2259,2260,2263],{},[248,2261,2262],{},"Estuvieron viviendo"," - They were living (for a defined period).",[40,2265,2267],{"id":2266},"how-to-actually-internalise-spanish-conjugation","How to actually internalise Spanish conjugation",[45,2269,2270],{},"Three practical recommendations:",[2272,2273,2274,2280,2286],"ol",{},[374,2275,2276,2279],{},[248,2277,2278],{},"Master the present tense of the three regular classes first."," Most of Spanish reading and listening uses the present, and most of the irregular verbs are themselves irregular in the present (so the pattern stays useful even when the verb breaks it).",[374,2281,2282,2285],{},[248,2283,2284],{},"Learn preterite vs imperfect by feel, not by rule."," The rule-based explanations (boundary, completion, habit) are useful starters but real fluency requires hearing thousands of examples until the choice becomes intuitive. Graded readers, podcasts, and TV are critical for this.",[374,2287,2288,2291],{},[248,2289,2290],{},"Internalise ser, estar, ir, tener, hacer first."," These five irregular verbs do a disproportionate share of the work in spoken Spanish. Memorising their conjugations completely unlocks a huge percentage of practical Spanish.",[40,2293,2295],{"id":2294},"cross-references","Cross-references",[371,2297,2298,2305,2312,2319,2326,2331],{},[374,2299,1241,2300,2304],{},[1243,2301,2303],{"href":2302},"\u002Fspanish","Spanish for adult learners pillar"," covers the wider Spanish learning approach.",[374,2306,1241,2307,2311],{},[1243,2308,2310],{"href":2309},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," covers the A1-B1 grammar overview.",[374,2313,1241,2314,2318],{},[1243,2315,2317],{"href":2316},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate (B1-B2) grammar page"," covers the next-level structures.",[374,2320,1241,2321,2325],{},[1243,2322,2324],{"href":2323},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fadvanced","advanced (C1-C2) grammar page"," covers complex structures.",[374,2327,1241,2328,2330],{},[1243,2329,1246],{"href":1245}," covers subjunctive usage in detail.",[374,2332,1241,2333,2337],{},[1243,2334,2336],{"href":2335},"\u002Fresources\u002Fcommon-mistakes-spanish-english-speakers","common mistakes for English speakers in Spanish article"," covers the most frequent conjugation errors.",{"title":2339,"searchDepth":2340,"depth":2340,"links":2341},"",2,[2342,2343,2344,2345,2346,2347,2348,2349,2350,2351,2357,2364,2371,2372,2373,2374,2375],{"id":42,"depth":2340,"text":43},{"id":109,"depth":2340,"text":110},{"id":261,"depth":2340,"text":262},{"id":397,"depth":2340,"text":398},{"id":526,"depth":2340,"text":527},{"id":647,"depth":2340,"text":648},{"id":689,"depth":2340,"text":690},{"id":826,"depth":2340,"text":827},{"id":953,"depth":2340,"text":954},{"id":1075,"depth":2340,"text":1076,"children":2352},[2353,2355,2356],{"id":1083,"depth":2354,"text":1084},3,{"id":1187,"depth":2354,"text":1188},{"id":1250,"depth":2354,"text":1251},{"id":1295,"depth":2340,"text":1296,"children":2358},[2359,2360,2361,2362,2363],{"id":1302,"depth":2354,"text":1303},{"id":1329,"depth":2354,"text":1330},{"id":1356,"depth":2354,"text":1357},{"id":1370,"depth":2354,"text":1371},{"id":1400,"depth":2354,"text":1401},{"id":1415,"depth":2340,"text":1416,"children":2365},[2366,2367,2368,2369,2370],{"id":1422,"depth":2354,"text":1423},{"id":1543,"depth":2354,"text":1544},{"id":1660,"depth":2354,"text":1661},{"id":1792,"depth":2354,"text":1793},{"id":1909,"depth":2354,"text":1910},{"id":2061,"depth":2340,"text":2062},{"id":2097,"depth":2340,"text":2098},{"id":2215,"depth":2340,"text":2216},{"id":2266,"depth":2340,"text":2267},{"id":2294,"depth":2340,"text":2295},"A1-C1","Spanish verb conjugation rules covering all three regular conjugations (-ar, -er, -ir), every common tense (present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, subjunctive), and the major irregular verbs.","md","Spanish has the most regular conjugation system among the major European languages, but it also has the most tenses and moods in active use. This page covers the three regular conjugation patterns, every common tense, the subjunctive mood, the imperative, the most important irregular verbs, and how to actually internalise conjugation as a learner. It is intended as the structural reference that learners come back to repeatedly.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fconjugation",{"title":34,"description":2377},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fconjugation","-CfnGNfxpB33H0o0sQePOUoTowp-7t_CJ01cz4dgntw",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2389},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2391},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2393},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2395},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2397},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2399},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2401},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2403,"hidden":2382},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1781519463111]