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False Friends (Part 1): embarazada, actual, realizar, sensible",null,{"type":49,"value":50,"toc":794},"minimark",[51,56,69,74,89,102,129,139,142,146,157,389,392,396,399,425,436,459,471,483,494,505,513,525,534,542,553,566,570,573,645,655,659,754,758,772,776],[52,53,55],"h1",{"id":54},"spanish-false-friends-part-1-the-classic-traps","Spanish False Friends, Part 1: The Classic Traps",[57,58,59,60,64,65,68],"p",{},"Some Spanish words come pre-disguised as English. They share the spelling, they share the roots, and your brain reads the English meaning before you have finished the word. That is a ",[61,62,63],"strong",{},"false friend"," (",[61,66,67],{},"falso amigo","), and Spanish has a hall of fame of them. The good news: there are only so many classic traps, and once you learn each one as a pair with the word you keep confusing it with, the disguise falls off.",[70,71,73],"h2",{"id":72},"the-word-that-causes-real-embarrassment","The word that causes real embarrassment",[57,75,76,77,80,81,84,85,88],{},"Start with the famous one. ",[61,78,79],{},"Embarazada"," does ",[61,82,83],{},"not"," mean embarrassed. It means ",[61,86,87],{},"pregnant",".",[90,91,92],"ul",{},[93,94,95,98,99,101],"li",{},[61,96,97],{},"Mi jefa está embarazada."," (My boss is ",[61,100,87],{},".)",[57,103,104,105,108,109,112,113,116,117,120,121,124,125,128],{},"So the English speaker who wants to explain that they feel awkward, and says ",[61,106,107],{},"estoy muy embarazada",", has just announced they are ",[61,110,111],{},"very pregnant",". The word for ",[61,114,115],{},"embarrassed"," is ",[61,118,119],{},"avergonzado"," (or ",[61,122,123],{},"avergonzada","), or you can say ",[61,126,127],{},"me da vergüenza"," (it makes me feel ashamed).",[90,130,131],{},[93,132,133,136,137,101],{},[61,134,135],{},"Estoy avergonzado."," (I am ",[61,138,115],{},[57,140,141],{},"It is the perfect false friend: the mistake itself is embarrassing.",[70,143,145],{"id":144},"the-big-table-of-traps","The big table of traps",[57,147,148,149,152,153,156],{},"Here is the classic set. Read across: the Spanish word, the English word it ",[61,150,151],{},"looks"," like, what it ",[61,154,155],{},"really"," means, and finally the correct Spanish for the English word you were actually reaching for.",[158,159,160,179],"table",{},[161,162,163],"thead",{},[164,165,166,170,173,176],"tr",{},[167,168,169],"th",{},"Spanish word",[167,171,172],{},"Looks like",[167,174,175],{},"Really means",[167,177,178],{},"The English word you wanted -> Spanish",[180,181,182,195,208,222,236,250,263,277,291,305,319,333,347,361,375],"tbody",{},[164,183,184,188,190,192],{},[185,186,187],"td",{},"embarazada",[185,189,115],{},[185,191,87],{},[185,193,194],{},"embarrassed -> avergonzado",[164,196,197,200,202,205],{},[185,198,199],{},"actual",[185,201,199],{},[185,203,204],{},"current, present",[185,206,207],{},"actual -> real, verdadero",[164,209,210,213,216,219],{},[185,211,212],{},"actualmente",[185,214,215],{},"actually",[185,217,218],{},"currently",[185,220,221],{},"actually -> en realidad, de hecho",[164,223,224,227,230,233],{},[185,225,226],{},"realizar",[185,228,229],{},"to realise",[185,231,232],{},"to carry out",[185,234,235],{},"to realise -> darse cuenta",[164,237,238,241,244,247],{},[185,239,240],{},"asistir",[185,242,243],{},"to assist",[185,245,246],{},"to attend",[185,248,249],{},"to assist -> ayudar",[164,251,252,255,257,260],{},[185,253,254],{},"sensible",[185,256,254],{},[185,258,259],{},"sensitive",[185,261,262],{},"sensible -> sensato, prudente",[164,264,265,268,271,274],{},[185,266,267],{},"constipado",[185,269,270],{},"constipated",[185,272,273],{},"having a cold",[185,275,276],{},"constipated -> estreñido",[164,278,279,282,285,288],{},[185,280,281],{},"éxito",[185,283,284],{},"exit",[185,286,287],{},"success",[185,289,290],{},"exit -> salida",[164,292,293,296,299,302],{},[185,294,295],{},"carpeta",[185,297,298],{},"carpet",[185,300,301],{},"folder",[185,303,304],{},"carpet -> alfombra",[164,306,307,310,313,316],{},[185,308,309],{},"fábrica",[185,311,312],{},"fabric",[185,314,315],{},"factory",[185,317,318],{},"fabric -> tela",[164,320,321,324,327,330],{},[185,322,323],{},"librería",[185,325,326],{},"library",[185,328,329],{},"bookshop",[185,331,332],{},"library -> biblioteca",[164,334,335,338,341,344],{},[185,336,337],{},"largo",[185,339,340],{},"large",[185,342,343],{},"long",[185,345,346],{},"large -> grande",[164,348,349,352,355,358],{},[185,350,351],{},"ropa",[185,353,354],{},"rope",[185,356,357],{},"clothes",[185,359,360],{},"rope -> cuerda",[164,362,363,366,369,372],{},[185,364,365],{},"sopa",[185,367,368],{},"soap",[185,370,371],{},"soup",[185,373,374],{},"soap -> jabón",[164,376,377,380,383,386],{},[185,378,379],{},"introducir",[185,381,382],{},"to introduce",[185,384,385],{},"to insert",[185,387,388],{},"to introduce (a person) -> presentar",[57,390,391],{},"Print that, or copy it into your notebook. Every row is a trap that has caught a real learner mid-sentence.",[70,393,395],{"id":394},"the-four-that-catch-everyone","The four that catch everyone",[57,397,398],{},"A handful of these do the most damage because they turn up constantly.",[57,400,401,404,405,408,409,412,413,408,415,417,418,421,422,424],{},[61,402,403],{},"Actual and actualmente."," ",[61,406,407],{},"Actual"," means ",[61,410,411],{},"current",", and ",[61,414,212],{},[61,416,218],{},". ",[61,419,420],{},"El gobierno actual"," is the ",[61,423,411],{}," government.",[90,426,427],{},[93,428,429,432,433,435],{},[61,430,431],{},"Actualmente vivo en Madrid."," (I ",[61,434,218],{}," live in Madrid.)",[57,437,438,439,441,442,445,446,449,450,452,453,445,456,88],{},"For the English ",[61,440,215],{},", meaning in fact, use ",[61,443,444],{},"en realidad"," or ",[61,447,448],{},"de hecho",". For ",[61,451,199],{}," meaning real, use ",[61,454,455],{},"real",[61,457,458],{},"verdadero",[57,460,461,464,465,445,467,470],{},[61,462,463],{},"Realizar."," This means ",[61,466,232],{},[61,468,469],{},"to accomplish",", not to realise.",[90,472,473],{},[93,474,475,478,479,482],{},[61,476,477],{},"Vamos a realizar un estudio."," (We are going to ",[61,480,481],{},"carry out"," a study.)",[57,484,485,486,489,490,493],{},"To ",[61,487,488],{},"realise"," in the sense of noticing, use ",[61,491,492],{},"darse cuenta",":",[90,495,496],{},[93,497,498,432,501,504],{},[61,499,500],{},"Me di cuenta de que era tarde.",[61,502,503],{},"realised"," it was late.)",[57,506,507,464,510,512],{},[61,508,509],{},"Asistir.",[61,511,246],{},", not to assist.",[90,514,515],{},[93,516,517,520,521,524],{},[61,518,519],{},"Voy a asistir a la conferencia."," (I am going to ",[61,522,523],{},"attend"," the conference.)",[57,526,485,527,530,531,88],{},[61,528,529],{},"assist"," someone, use ",[61,532,533],{},"ayudar",[57,535,536,464,539,541],{},[61,537,538],{},"Sensible.",[61,540,259],{},", not sensible.",[90,543,544],{},[93,545,546,549,550,552],{},[61,547,548],{},"Es una persona muy sensible."," (She is a very ",[61,551,259],{}," person.)",[57,554,555,556,558,559,445,562,565],{},"For ",[61,557,254],{}," meaning level-headed and practical, use ",[61,560,561],{},"sensato",[61,563,564],{},"prudente",". The two are almost opposite in tone, so this one matters.",[70,567,569],{"id":568},"the-everyday-object-cluster","The everyday-object cluster",[57,571,572],{},"Several false friends are ordinary nouns you meet on day one, which makes them sneaky.",[90,574,575,590,605,618,631],{},[93,576,577,580,581,583,584,586,587,88],{},[61,578,579],{},"Carpeta"," is a ",[61,582,301],{},", not a carpet. A ",[61,585,298],{}," is an ",[61,588,589],{},"alfombra",[93,591,592,580,595,597,598,601,602,88],{},[61,593,594],{},"Fábrica",[61,596,315],{},", not fabric. ",[61,599,600],{},"Fabric"," (cloth) is ",[61,603,604],{},"tela",[93,606,607,580,610,612,613,580,615,88],{},[61,608,609],{},"Librería",[61,611,329],{},", not a library. A ",[61,614,326],{},[61,616,617],{},"biblioteca",[93,619,620,116,623,625,626,580,628,88],{},[61,621,622],{},"Ropa",[61,624,357],{},", not rope. A ",[61,627,354],{},[61,629,630],{},"cuerda",[93,632,633,116,636,638,639,116,642,88],{},[61,634,635],{},"Sopa",[61,637,371],{},", not soap. ",[61,640,641],{},"Soap",[61,643,644],{},"jabón",[57,646,647,648,408,651,654],{},"So ",[61,649,650],{},"compré una carpeta en la librería",[61,652,653],{},"I bought a folder in the bookshop",", which is a perfectly dull sentence hiding two traps.",[70,656,658],{"id":657},"the-ones-that-change-the-meaning-of-a-whole-sentence","The ones that change the meaning of a whole sentence",[90,660,661,680,702,722],{},[93,662,663,408,666,668,669,408,672,675,676,679],{},[61,664,665],{},"Constipado",[61,667,273],{},", not constipated. ",[61,670,671],{},"Estoy constipado",[61,673,674],{},"I have a cold",", a normal thing to mention. If you truly mean constipated, that is ",[61,677,678],{},"estreñido",", which you probably were not planning to announce.",[93,681,682,408,685,687,688,408,691,694,695,421,698,701],{},[61,683,684],{},"Éxito",[61,686,287],{},", not exit. ",[61,689,690],{},"Tuvo mucho éxito",[61,692,693],{},"it was very successful",". The way ",[61,696,697],{},"out",[61,699,700],{},"salida",", which is the sign you follow to leave.",[93,703,704,408,707,709,710,580,713,715,716,718,719,88],{},[61,705,706],{},"Largo",[61,708,343],{},", not large. ",[61,711,712],{},"Un viaje largo",[61,714,343],{}," journey. For ",[61,717,340],{},", use ",[61,720,721],{},"grande",[93,723,724,408,727,445,729,732,733,408,736,739,740,530,743,746,747,750,751,753],{},[61,725,726],{},"Introducir",[61,728,385],{},[61,730,731],{},"to put in",", not to introduce a person. ",[61,734,735],{},"Introduzca la tarjeta",[61,737,738],{},"insert the card",", the instruction a cash machine gives you. To ",[61,741,742],{},"introduce",[61,744,745],{},"presentar",": ",[61,748,749],{},"te presento a mi hermano"," (let me ",[61,752,742],{}," you to my brother).",[70,755,757],{"id":756},"how-to-beat-them","How to beat them",[57,759,760,761,764,765,767,768,771],{},"False friends are dangerous only because they feel obvious, so you skip the check you would give a strange new word. The trick is to learn each one as a ",[61,762,763],{},"pair",": never memorise ",[61,766,254],{}," alone, memorise ",[61,769,770],{},"sensible = sensitive, and sensible = sensato",". Store the trap and its cure together and the disguise stops fooling you. Part 2 takes on the next tier, but master these classics first.",[70,773,775],{"id":774},"see-also","See also",[90,777,778,786],{},[93,779,780,785],{},[781,782,784],"a",{"href":783},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fse-unplanned-events","The Spanish accidental se"," - another place where the literal English reading leads you astray.",[93,787,788,789,793],{},"The ",[781,790,792],{"href":791},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar hub"," collects the vocabulary and grammar traps on one page.",{"title":795,"searchDepth":796,"depth":796,"links":797},"",2,[798,799,800,801,802,803,804],{"id":72,"depth":796,"text":73},{"id":144,"depth":796,"text":145},{"id":394,"depth":796,"text":395},{"id":568,"depth":796,"text":569},{"id":657,"depth":796,"text":658},{"id":756,"depth":796,"text":757},{"id":774,"depth":796,"text":775},"B2","The classic Spanish false friends that look like English words but mean something else entirely: embarazada, actual, realizar, sensible, constipado and the rest of the traps.",[808,836],{"type":809,"instructions":810,"items":811},"fill-blank","Fill each gap with the correct Spanish false friend. Read the English meaning in brackets and choose the word that truly means it.",[812,815,818,821,824,827,830,833],{"prompt":813,"answer":187,"hint":814},"Mi hermana está ___. Va a tener un bebé. (pregnant)","pregnant, not embarrassed",{"prompt":816,"answer":199,"hint":817},"El presidente ___ es muy joven. (current)","current, not actual",{"prompt":819,"answer":226,"hint":820},"Vamos a ___ el proyecto este mes. (to carry out)","to carry out, not to realise",{"prompt":822,"answer":240,"hint":823},"No pude ___ a la reunión ayer. (to attend)","to attend, not to assist",{"prompt":825,"answer":267,"hint":826},"Hoy estoy ___ y me duele la cabeza. (having a cold)","having a cold, not constipated",{"prompt":828,"answer":295,"hint":829},"Guardo los papeles en una ___ azul. (folder)","folder, not carpet",{"prompt":831,"answer":323,"hint":832},"Compré este libro en una ___ del centro. (bookshop)","bookshop, not library",{"prompt":834,"answer":337,"hint":835},"El río es muy ___ y tardamos horas. (long)","long, not large",{"type":837,"instructions":838,"items":839},"which-one","Choose the word whose real meaning matches the English in brackets. Watch for the false friend that looks right but means something else.",[840,843,846,849,852,855],{"prompt":841,"answer":187,"options":842},"Which word means pregnant?",[187,123],{"prompt":844,"answer":212,"options":845},"Which word means currently?",[212,444],{"prompt":847,"answer":281,"options":848},"Which word means success?",[281,700],{"prompt":850,"answer":309,"options":851},"Which word means factory?",[309,604],{"prompt":853,"answer":351,"options":854},"Which word means clothes?",[351,630],{"prompt":856,"answer":379,"options":857},"Which word means to insert?",[379,745],"md",[860,863,866,869],{"q":861,"a":862},"What is a false friend in Spanish?","A false friend (falso amigo) is a Spanish word that looks or sounds like an English word but means something different. The resemblance is a coincidence of spelling or shared Latin roots, and it tricks your brain into reading the English meaning. Embarazada looks like embarrassed but means pregnant; actual looks like actual but means current; librería looks like library but means bookshop. The words are dangerous precisely because they feel obvious, so you skip the double-check you would give an unfamiliar word. The fix is to learn each false friend alongside the correct Spanish for the English word you keep confusing it with.",{"q":864,"a":865},"Does embarazada really mean pregnant, not embarrassed?","Yes, and it is the most famous false friend in the language. Embarazada means pregnant. If you want to say you are embarrassed, use avergonzado (or avergonzada), or say me da vergüenza, meaning it makes me feel ashamed. Estoy embarazada announces a pregnancy, which is why the mistake causes genuine, ironic embarrassment when an English speaker says it to explain that they feel awkward. Keep the pair firmly apart: embarazada for pregnant, avergonzado for embarrassed.",{"q":867,"a":868},"Why is realizar not the same as to realise?","Realizar means to carry out, to make happen, or to accomplish. You realizar a project, a dream or a task. It does not mean to realise in the sense of noticing or understanding something. For that, Spanish uses darse cuenta de, literally to give oneself account of. Me di cuenta de que era tarde means I realised it was late. Realicé el proyecto means I carried out the project. Mixing them produces sentences that sound almost right but land on the wrong meaning.",{"q":870,"a":871},"What is the difference between sensible and sensato in Spanish?","Sensible in Spanish means sensitive, easily affected emotionally or physically. A sensible person feels things deeply, and sensitive skin is piel sensible. The English word sensible, meaning practical and level-headed, is sensato or prudente in Spanish. So una persona sensible feels a lot, while una persona sensata makes good decisions. They are near opposites in tone, which is why the pair is worth pinning down early.","higher","Some Spanish words wear an English disguise. They look so familiar that your brain reads them as the English word they resemble, and you sail confidently into the wrong meaning. These are false friends, and Spanish has a famous set of them. The star of the show is embarazada, which does not mean embarrassed - it means pregnant, and announcing to a room of Spaniards that you are muy embarazada delivers rather more news than you intended. But the trap is everywhere: actual means current, not actual; realizar means to carry out, not to realise; sensible means sensitive, not sensible; and a Spaniard with a bad cold will tell you they are constipado, which is not a medical detail you needed. Because these words are transparent to an English eye, they slip past your guard exactly when you feel most sure. This page lines up the classic traps, tells you what each word really means, and gives you the correct Spanish for the English word you were reaching for. 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