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Spanish Negation: ni, sino vs pero, tampoco, ni siquiera",null,{"type":49,"value":50,"toc":688},"minimark",[51,56,72,77,177,181,190,206,220,232,244,258,262,268,288,297,301,310,341,350,354,365,374,388,401,421,441,446,455,475,484,488,494,508,512,515,557,563,577,581,592,610,613,617,656,660],[52,53,55],"h1",{"id":54},"advanced-spanish-negation","Advanced Spanish Negation",[57,58,59,60,64,65,68,69,71],"p",{},"You already know the basics: ",[61,62,63],"strong",{},"no"," before the verb, and the double negative that follows (",[61,66,67],{},"no tengo nada","). This page is the next floor up - the negation tools that make your Spanish sound adult rather than textbook. None of them are hard on their own, but together they are what separates a B1 speaker who negates carefully from one who only ever reaches for ",[61,70,63],{},".",[73,74,76],"h2",{"id":75},"ni-tampoco-ni-siquiera-at-a-glance","ni, tampoco, ni siquiera at a glance",[78,79,80,96],"table",{},[81,82,83],"thead",{},[84,85,86,90,93],"tr",{},[87,88,89],"th",{},"Word",[87,91,92],{},"English",[87,94,95],{},"Example",[97,98,99,118,135,149,163],"tbody",{},[84,100,101,105,108],{},[102,103,104],"td",{},"ni... ni",[102,106,107],{},"neither... nor",[102,109,110,111,114,115,117],{},"No tengo ",[61,112,113],{},"ni"," tiempo ",[61,116,113],{}," dinero.",[84,119,120,122,125],{},[102,121,113],{},[102,123,124],{},"nor \u002F not even",[102,126,127,128,130,131,134],{},"No fui, ",[61,129,113],{}," quería. \u002F ",[61,132,133],{},"Ni"," lo pienses.",[84,136,137,140,143],{},[102,138,139],{},"ni siquiera",[102,141,142],{},"not even",[102,144,145,148],{},[61,146,147],{},"Ni siquiera"," me llamó.",[84,150,151,154,157],{},[102,152,153],{},"tampoco",[102,155,156],{},"neither, not either",[102,158,159,160,162],{},"Yo ",[61,161,153],{}," lo sé.",[84,164,165,168,171],{},[102,166,167],{},"apenas",[102,169,170],{},"hardly, scarcely",[102,172,173,176],{},[61,174,175],{},"Apenas"," lo conozco.",[73,178,180],{"id":179},"ni-ni-neither-nor","ni... ni: neither... nor",[57,182,183,186,187,189],{},[61,184,185],{},"Ni... ni"," brackets two things you are ruling out together. After the verb it keeps the ",[61,188,63],{},":",[191,192,193,200],"ul",{},[194,195,196,199],"li",{},[61,197,198],{},"No tengo ni tiempo ni dinero."," (I have neither time nor money.)",[194,201,202,205],{},[61,203,204],{},"No me gusta ni el café ni el té."," (I like neither coffee nor tea.)",[57,207,208,209,212,213,215,216,219],{},"Put the pair ",[61,210,211],{},"before"," the verb and two things happen: the ",[61,214,63],{}," disappears, and the verb turns ",[61,217,218],{},"plural",", because you now have two subjects.",[191,221,222],{},[194,223,224,227,228,231],{},[61,225,226],{},"Ni Juan ni Pedro vinieron."," (Neither Juan nor Pedro came.) - ",[61,229,230],{},"vinieron",", not vino.",[57,233,234,235,237,238,241,242,189],{},"On its own, ",[61,236,113],{}," means ",[61,239,240],{},"nor"," or, in a short sharp phrase, ",[61,243,142],{},[191,245,246,252],{},[194,247,248,251],{},[61,249,250],{},"No fui, ni quería."," (I didn't go, nor did I want to.)",[194,253,254,257],{},[61,255,256],{},"Ni lo pienses."," (Don't even think about it.) - a fixed, dismissive little phrase.",[73,259,261],{"id":260},"ni-siquiera-not-even","ni siquiera: not even",[57,263,264,265,267],{},"When you want that \"not even\" to land with weight, reach for ",[61,266,139],{},". It spotlights the least you might have expected, and then denies even that:",[191,269,270,276,282],{},[194,271,272,275],{},[61,273,274],{},"Ni siquiera me llamó."," (He didn't even call me.) - a call being the bare minimum.",[194,277,278,281],{},[61,279,280],{},"No tengo ni siquiera un euro."," (I don't even have a single euro.)",[194,283,284,287],{},[61,285,286],{},"Ni siquiera lo intentó."," (He didn't even try.)",[57,289,290,291,293,294,296],{},"Before the verb it needs no ",[61,292,63],{},"; after the verb the ",[61,295,63],{}," returns, exactly like the other negatives.",[73,298,300],{"id":299},"tampoco-the-negative-of-también","tampoco: the negative of también",[57,302,303,306,307,309],{},[61,304,305],{},"También"," means \"also \u002F too\"; ",[61,308,153],{}," is its negative mirror, \"neither \u002F not either\". English swaps \"me too\" for \"me neither\" across the positive-negative line, and Spanish does the same:",[191,311,312,322,331],{},[194,313,314,317,318,321],{},[61,315,316],{},"Yo también."," (Me too.) -> ",[61,319,320],{},"Yo tampoco."," (Me neither.)",[194,323,324,327,328,71],{},[61,325,326],{},"A mí tampoco."," (Me neither.) - when the original used an indirect object, as in ",[61,329,330],{},"no me gusta - a mí tampoco",[194,332,333,336,337,340],{},[61,334,335],{},"Yo tampoco lo sé."," \u002F ",[61,338,339],{},"No lo sé tampoco."," (I don't know either.)",[57,342,343,344,346,347,349],{},"Before the verb, ",[61,345,153],{}," stands alone; after it, the ",[61,348,63],{}," comes back.",[73,351,353],{"id":352},"sino-vs-pero-the-one-everyone-gets-wrong","sino vs pero: the one everyone gets wrong",[57,355,356,357,360,361,364],{},"Both ",[61,358,359],{},"sino"," and ",[61,362,363],{},"pero"," translate as \"but\", and this is where English speakers slip. They are not interchangeable.",[57,366,367,370,371,373],{},[61,368,369],{},"Pero"," simply adds a contrasting idea. The first part can be positive or negative; ",[61,372,363],{}," just says \"however, yet\":",[191,375,376,382],{},[194,377,378,381],{},[61,379,380],{},"Es caro pero bueno."," (It's expensive but good.)",[194,383,384,387],{},[61,385,386],{},"Quiero ir pero no tengo tiempo."," (I want to go but I don't have time.)",[57,389,390,393,394,397,398,400],{},[61,391,392],{},"Sino"," does something narrower: it ",[61,395,396],{},"corrects a negative",". It needs a ",[61,399,63],{}," in front of it, and then supplies the true alternative - \"not X but rather Y\":",[191,402,403,409,415],{},[194,404,405,408],{},[61,406,407],{},"No es rojo sino azul."," (It's not red but blue.)",[194,410,411,414],{},[61,412,413],{},"No fui yo sino mi hermano."," (It wasn't me but my brother.)",[194,416,417,420],{},[61,418,419],{},"No estudia medicina sino derecho."," (He isn't studying medicine but law.)",[57,422,423,424,427,428,431,432,434,435,438,439,71],{},"The quick test: if you can say ",[61,425,426],{},"but rather"," or ",[61,429,430],{},"but instead"," in English, use ",[61,433,359],{},". If you mean ",[61,436,437],{},"however \u002F yet",", use ",[61,440,363],{},[442,443,445],"h3",{"id":444},"sino-que-for-full-clauses","sino que for full clauses",[57,447,448,449,451,452,189],{},"When what follows ",[61,450,359],{}," is a whole clause with its own conjugated verb, add ",[61,453,454],{},"que",[191,456,457,469],{},[194,458,459,462,463,466,467,71],{},[61,460,461],{},"No vino sino que llamó."," (He didn't come but rather phoned.) - ",[61,464,465],{},"llamó"," is a conjugated verb, so ",[61,468,454],{},[194,470,471,474],{},[61,472,473],{},"No lo tira sino que lo guarda."," (He doesn't throw it away but keeps it.)",[57,476,477,478,480,481,71],{},"Just a noun or adjective after? Plain ",[61,479,359],{},". A conjugated verb heading a new clause? ",[61,482,483],{},"sino que",[442,485,487],{"id":486},"no-solo-sino-también","no solo... sino también",[57,489,490,491,493],{},"The same ",[61,492,359],{}," powers the \"not only... but also\" frame, one of the most useful upgrades to your writing:",[191,495,496,502],{},[194,497,498,501],{},[61,499,500],{},"No solo canta sino también baila."," (Not only does she sing but she also dances.)",[194,503,504,507],{},[61,505,506],{},"No solo es inteligente sino también amable."," (He is not only clever but also kind.)",[73,509,511],{"id":510},"intensifying-the-negative","Intensifying the negative",[57,513,514],{},"Spanish has a whole shelf of phrases for turning a flat \"no\" into an emphatic refusal:",[191,516,517,527,537,547],{},[194,518,519,522,523,526],{},[61,520,521],{},"en absoluto"," - not at all: ",[61,524,525],{},"No me gusta en absoluto."," (I don't like it at all.)",[194,528,529,532,533,536],{},[61,530,531],{},"para nada"," - not in the slightest: ",[61,534,535],{},"No me molesta para nada."," (It doesn't bother me in the least.)",[194,538,539,542,543,546],{},[61,540,541],{},"en mi vida"," - never in my life: ",[61,544,545],{},"En mi vida he visto algo así."," (Never in my life have I seen such a thing.)",[194,548,549,552,553,556],{},[61,550,551],{},"nada de"," - none of \u002F no: ",[61,554,555],{},"No tengo nada de miedo."," (I'm not the least bit afraid.)",[57,558,559,560,562],{},"And ",[61,561,167],{}," for \"hardly, scarcely\", a soft near-negative:",[191,564,565,571],{},[194,566,567,570],{},[61,568,569],{},"Apenas lo conozco."," (I hardly know him.)",[194,572,573,576],{},[61,574,575],{},"Apenas había empezado cuando se fue."," (He had scarcely begun when he left.)",[73,578,580],{"id":579},"no-es-que-subjunctive","no es que + subjunctive",[57,582,583,584,587,588,591],{},"To brush aside a wrong assumption, Spanish uses ",[61,585,586],{},"no es que"," followed by the ",[61,589,590],{},"subjunctive"," - \"it's not that...\":",[191,593,594,604],{},[194,595,596,599,600,603],{},[61,597,598],{},"No es que no quiera, es que no puedo."," (It's not that I don't want to, it's that I can't.) - ",[61,601,602],{},"quiera",", subjunctive.",[194,605,606,609],{},[61,607,608],{},"No es que sea caro, sino que es innecesario."," (It's not that it's expensive, but rather that it's unnecessary.)",[57,611,612],{},"The negation reaches into the subordinate clause and pulls it into the subjunctive - a small marker that you are denying, not asserting, what follows.",[73,614,616],{"id":615},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[57,618,619,622,623,625,626,629,630,633,634,637,638,640,641,644,645,648,649,652,653,71],{},[61,620,621],{},"Using pero to correct a negative."," After a denial, \"but rather\" is ",[61,624,359],{},", not pero: ",[61,627,628],{},"no es rojo sino azul",", never \"no es rojo pero azul\". ",[61,631,632],{},"Forgetting que before a clause."," ",[61,635,636],{},"No vino sino que llamó"," needs the ",[61,639,454],{}," because a conjugated verb follows. ",[61,642,643],{},"Treating tampoco as a positive."," It only works in negative agreement; for \"me too\" you need ",[61,646,647],{},"también",". ",[61,650,651],{},"Dropping the plural after pre-verbal ni... ni."," Two subjects take a plural verb: ",[61,654,655],{},"ni Juan ni Pedro vinieron",[73,657,659],{"id":658},"see-also","See also",[191,661,662,670,680],{},[194,663,664,669],{},[665,666,668],"a",{"href":667},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation","Basic Spanish negation"," - no, nunca, nadie and the double-negative rule this page builds on.",[194,671,672,676,677,679],{},[665,673,675],{"href":674},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-doubt","The subjunctive after expressions of doubt"," - the mood that ",[61,678,586],{}," triggers.",[194,681,682,683,687],{},"The ",[665,684,686],{"href":685},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," collects the sino-versus-pero test on one card.",{"title":689,"searchDepth":690,"depth":690,"links":691},"",2,[692,693,694,695,696,701,702,703,704],{"id":75,"depth":690,"text":76},{"id":179,"depth":690,"text":180},{"id":260,"depth":690,"text":261},{"id":299,"depth":690,"text":300},{"id":352,"depth":690,"text":353,"children":697},[698,700],{"id":444,"depth":699,"text":445},3,{"id":486,"depth":699,"text":487},{"id":510,"depth":690,"text":511},{"id":579,"depth":690,"text":580},{"id":615,"depth":690,"text":616},{"id":658,"depth":690,"text":659},"B1-B2","Beyond no and nunca: how ni... ni, tampoco, ni siquiera and the sino-versus-pero distinction let you negate like a native at B1-B2.",[708,736],{"type":709,"instructions":710,"items":711},"fill-blank","Complete each sentence with the right advanced-negation word: ni, sino, sino que, tampoco, siquiera or apenas.",[712,715,718,721,724,728,731,734],{"prompt":713,"answer":104,"hint":714},"No tengo ___ tiempo ___ dinero. (neither... nor)","the two-part 'neither... nor'",{"prompt":716,"answer":359,"hint":717},"No es rojo ___ azul. (but rather)","corrects a negative with a single word",{"prompt":719,"answer":483,"hint":720},"No vino ___ llamó. (but rather + a full clause)","a conjugated verb follows, so add que",{"prompt":722,"answer":153,"hint":723},"Yo ___ lo sé. (neither \u002F not either)","the negative of también",{"prompt":725,"answer":726,"hint":727},"Ni ___ me llamó. (not even)","siquiera","ni ___ = not even",{"prompt":729,"answer":185,"hint":730},"___ Juan ___ Pedro vinieron a la fiesta. (neither... nor, before the verb)","ni... ni before the verb takes a plural verb",{"prompt":732,"answer":175,"hint":733},"___ había empezado cuando se fue. (hardly \u002F scarcely)","hardly, barely",{"prompt":735,"answer":359,"hint":487},"No solo canta ___ también baila. (but also)",{"type":737,"instructions":738,"items":739},"which-one","Choose sino or pero. Remember: sino corrects a negative and means 'but rather'; pero simply adds a contrast.",[740,743,746,749,752,755],{"prompt":741,"answer":359,"options":742},"No es rojo ___ azul.",[359,363],{"prompt":744,"answer":363,"options":745},"Es caro ___ muy bueno.",[359,363],{"prompt":747,"answer":359,"options":748},"No fui yo ___ mi hermano.",[359,363],{"prompt":750,"answer":363,"options":751},"Quiero ir ___ no tengo tiempo.",[359,363],{"prompt":753,"answer":359,"options":754},"No estudia medicina ___ derecho.",[359,363],{"prompt":756,"answer":483,"options":757},"No vino a la reunión ___ mandó un correo.",[483,363],"md",[760,763,766,769],{"q":761,"a":762},"What is the difference between sino and pero?","Both mean 'but', but they do different jobs. Pero adds a contrasting idea to a statement that can be positive or negative: es caro pero bueno (it's expensive but good). Sino corrects or replaces something already denied: it needs a negative in front of it and then supplies the true alternative. No es rojo sino azul (it's not red but blue) denies 'red' and substitutes 'blue'. The test: if you could say 'but rather' or 'but instead' in English, use sino; if you mean 'however \u002F yet', use pero. Sino only appears after a negative; pero appears after anything.",{"q":764,"a":765},"When do I use sino que instead of sino?","Use sino que when what follows is a full clause with its own conjugated verb, not just a word or phrase. No vino sino que llamó (he didn't come but rather phoned) needs que because llamó is a conjugated verb heading a new clause. Plain sino links single elements: No es profesor sino médico (he's not a teacher but a doctor), no verb after sino, so no que. So the rule is simple: conjugated verb coming? Add que. Just a noun, adjective or phrase? Plain sino.",{"q":767,"a":768},"What does ni siquiera mean and how is it different from ni?","Ni siquiera means 'not even' and adds emphasis, spotlighting the least you might have expected: ni siquiera me llamó (he didn't even call me), the call being the bare minimum. Plain ni can also mean 'not even' in short exclamations - ni lo pienses (don't even think about it) - but ni siquiera is the fuller, more emphatic version and is what you want in normal sentences. Ni also does duty as 'nor' (no fui, ni quería) and, doubled up as ni... ni, as 'neither... nor'.",{"q":770,"a":771},"How do I say 'me neither' in Spanish?","Use tampoco, the negative mirror of tambien (also \u002F too). Where an English speaker agrees with a positive by saying 'me too' (yo tambien), they agree with a negative by saying 'me neither' - and Spanish uses tampoco for exactly that: yo tampoco, or a mi tampoco when the original sentence used an indirect object (no me gusta - a mi tampoco). In a full sentence tampoco follows the double-negative rule: yo tampoco lo sé or no lo sé tampoco both work, depending on whether tampoco sits before or after the verb.","higher","Once you can put no in front of a verb and stack a double negative, you have the beginner's toolkit. The problem is that real Spanish negates in far subtler ways, and the tools for it - ni, tampoco, ni siquiera, sino - are the ones learners either avoid or misuse. This page is the sequel to the basic negation article: it assumes you already own no, nunca, nadie and the double-negative rule, and it builds beyond them. You will learn ni... ni for 'neither... nor', ni on its own for 'not even', ni siquiera when you want that 'not even' to really sting, and tampoco as the negative twin of tambien. Then comes the big one, the distinction that trips up almost every English speaker: sino versus pero. Both translate as 'but', but they are not interchangeable - sino corrects a negative, pero simply contrasts. Get that wrong and you sound off; get it right and your Spanish suddenly reads like a grown-up's. We finish with the intensifiers - en absoluto, para nada, apenas, en mi vida - that turn a flat 'no' into a flat refusal.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation-advanced",{"title":46,"description":706},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnegation-advanced","MAZ-JS1o4PSjw-tSP3Z8fwSNicu4VZaRpMpSKdyL9zQ",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":783},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":785},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":787},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M20 20a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-7.9a2 2 0 0 1-1.69-.9L9.6 3.9A2 2 0 0 0 7.93 3H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2Zm-8-10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m15 13l-3 3l-3-3\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":789},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 4.702a.705.705 0 0 0-1.203-.498L6.413 7.587A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 5.416 8H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2.416a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .997.413l3.383 3.384A.705.705 0 0 0 11 19.298zM16 9a5 5 0 0 1 0 6m3.364 3.364a9 9 0 0 0 0-12.728\"\u002F>"]