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stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0zM22 10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":33},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":35},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M6 11h4M8 9v4m7-1h.01M18 10h.01m-.69-5H6.68a4 4 0 0 0-3.978 3.59l-.017.152C2.604 9.416 2 14.456 2 16a3 3 0 0 0 3 3c1 0 1.5-.5 2-1l1.414-1.414A2 2 0 0 1 9.828 16h4.344a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586L17 18c.5.5 1 1 2 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Ordinals, Fractions, Dates and Time (el primer día, media hora, son las tres y cuarto)",null,{"type":49,"value":50,"toc":897},"minimark",[51,56,60,65,80,174,193,217,248,278,282,308,315,365,369,376,413,423,427,430,462,499,532,555,559,584,588,616,636,640,654,732,799,803,815,826,837,850,862,866],[52,53,55],"h1",{"id":54},"spanish-numbers-beyond-the-cardinals","Spanish Numbers Beyond the Cardinals",[57,58,59],"p",{},"You can count to a hundred. Good. Now for everything that count leaves out: the ordinals, the fractions, the collective numbers, the awkward hundreds, dates and the clock. This is the B1-B2 layer of Spanish numbers, and it is where the little agreement and apocope rules earn their keep.",[61,62,64],"h2",{"id":63},"ordinals-primero-to-décimo","Ordinals: primero to décimo",[57,66,67,68,72,73,72,76,79],{},"The ordinals are the words for ",[69,70,71],"strong",{},"first",", ",[69,74,75],{},"second",[69,77,78],{},"third"," and so on. In everyday Spanish you really only need the first ten, because above that the language usually falls back on plain cardinals.",[81,82,83,100],"table",{},[84,85,86],"thead",{},[87,88,89,93,96,98],"tr",{},[90,91,92],"th",{},"Number",[90,94,95],{},"Ordinal",[90,97,92],{},[90,99,95],{},[101,102,103,118,132,146,160],"tbody",{},[87,104,105,109,112,115],{},[106,107,108],"td",{},"1st",[106,110,111],{},"primero",[106,113,114],{},"6th",[106,116,117],{},"sexto",[87,119,120,123,126,129],{},[106,121,122],{},"2nd",[106,124,125],{},"segundo",[106,127,128],{},"7th",[106,130,131],{},"séptimo",[87,133,134,137,140,143],{},[106,135,136],{},"3rd",[106,138,139],{},"tercero",[106,141,142],{},"8th",[106,144,145],{},"octavo",[87,147,148,151,154,157],{},[106,149,150],{},"4th",[106,152,153],{},"cuarto",[106,155,156],{},"9th",[106,158,159],{},"noveno",[87,161,162,165,168,171],{},[106,163,164],{},"5th",[106,166,167],{},"quinto",[106,169,170],{},"10th",[106,172,173],{},"décimo",[57,175,176,177,180,181,184,185,188,189,192],{},"Ordinals are ",[69,178,179],{},"adjectives",", so they agree in gender and number with their noun: ",[69,182,183],{},"la primera vez"," (the first time), ",[69,186,187],{},"los primeros días"," (the first days), ",[69,190,191],{},"las segundas oportunidades"," (second chances).",[57,194,195,196,199,200,203,204,206,207,210,211,206,213,216],{},"Two of them clip before a ",[69,197,198],{},"masculine singular"," noun. This shortening is called ",[69,201,202],{},"apocope",": ",[69,205,111],{}," becomes ",[69,208,209],{},"primer"," and ",[69,212,139],{},[69,214,215],{},"tercer",".",[218,219,220,231,241],"ul",{},[221,222,223,226,227,230],"li",{},[69,224,225],{},"el primer día"," (the first day) - but ",[69,228,229],{},"la primera semana"," (the first week).",[221,232,233,236,237,240],{},[69,234,235],{},"el tercer piso"," (the third floor) - but ",[69,238,239],{},"la tercera calle"," (the third street).",[221,242,243,244,247],{},"The full form returns when nothing follows: ",[69,245,246],{},"Llegó primero."," (He arrived first.)",[57,249,250,251,254,255,258,259,262,263,72,266,269,270,273,274,277],{},"Above tenth, Spanish normally switches to ",[69,252,253],{},"cardinals",", placed after the noun: ",[69,256,257],{},"el siglo veinte"," (the twentieth century), ",[69,260,261],{},"Alfonso XIII"," read as ",[69,264,265],{},"Alfonso trece",[69,267,268],{},"el piso doce"," (the twelfth floor). You can say ",[69,271,272],{},"undécimo"," or ",[69,275,276],{},"duodécimo",", but almost nobody does in speech.",[61,279,281],{"id":280},"fractions","Fractions",[57,283,284,285,288,289,292,293,296,297,300,301,203,304,307],{},"Halves have their own words. ",[69,286,287],{},"Medio \u002F media"," is an adjective and agrees: ",[69,290,291],{},"medio kilo"," (half a kilo), ",[69,294,295],{},"media hora"," (half an hour). The noun ",[69,298,299],{},"la mitad (de)"," means ",[69,302,303],{},"half of",[69,305,306],{},"la mitad del pastel"," (half of the cake).",[57,309,310,311,314],{},"For the rest, the small fractions have set forms, and from a fifth onward Spanish borrows the ",[69,312,313],{},"-avo"," ending:",[218,316,317,327,337,351],{},[221,318,319,322,323,326],{},[69,320,321],{},"un tercio"," (a third), ",[69,324,325],{},"dos tercios"," (two thirds)",[221,328,329,332,333,336],{},[69,330,331],{},"un cuarto"," (a quarter), ",[69,334,335],{},"tres cuartos"," (three quarters)",[221,338,339,342,343,346,347,350],{},[69,340,341],{},"un quinto"," (a fifth), ",[69,344,345],{},"un octavo"," (an eighth), ",[69,348,349],{},"un décimo"," (a tenth)",[221,352,353,354,203,357,360,361,364],{},"or with ",[69,355,356],{},"parte",[69,358,359],{},"una décima parte"," (a tenth part), ",[69,362,363],{},"una centésima parte"," (a hundredth).",[61,366,368],{"id":367},"collective-numbers","Collective numbers",[57,370,371,372,375],{},"Spanish has friendly round-number nouns for approximate amounts. They take ",[69,373,374],{},"de"," before the thing counted:",[218,377,378,392,402],{},[221,379,380,383,384,387,388,391],{},[69,381,382],{},"un par de"," (a couple of), ",[69,385,386],{},"una decena de"," (about ten), ",[69,389,390],{},"una docena de"," (a dozen)",[221,393,394,397,398,401],{},[69,395,396],{},"un centenar de"," (about a hundred), ",[69,399,400],{},"un millar de"," (about a thousand)",[221,403,404,405,408,409,412],{},"and the loose plurals ",[69,406,407],{},"cientos de"," (hundreds of), ",[69,410,411],{},"miles de"," (thousands of).",[57,414,415,418,419,422],{},[69,416,417],{},"Había cientos de personas."," (There were hundreds of people.) ",[69,420,421],{},"Compré una docena de huevos."," (I bought a dozen eggs.)",[61,424,426],{"id":425},"big-numbers-and-how-they-agree","Big numbers and how they agree",[57,428,429],{},"Three rules do most of the work.",[57,431,432,435,436,439,440,72,443,72,446,449,450,453,454,457,458,461],{},[69,433,434],{},"cien vs ciento."," Use ",[69,437,438],{},"cien"," for exactly 100 and before a bigger unit: ",[69,441,442],{},"cien euros",[69,444,445],{},"cien mil",[69,447,448],{},"cien millones",". Use ",[69,451,452],{},"ciento"," when a smaller number follows: ",[69,455,456],{},"ciento uno"," (101), ",[69,459,460],{},"ciento cincuenta"," (150).",[57,463,464,467,468,471,472,475,476,479,480,72,483,486,487,490,491,494,495,498],{},[69,465,466],{},"The hundreds agree in gender."," From 200 up, the ",[69,469,470],{},"-ientos"," ending changes for feminine nouns: ",[69,473,474],{},"doscientas casas"," (two hundred houses), ",[69,477,478],{},"quinientas personas"," (five hundred people), but ",[69,481,482],{},"doscientos libros",[69,484,485],{},"quinientos euros",". The irregular ones to watch are ",[69,488,489],{},"quinientos"," (500), ",[69,492,493],{},"setecientos"," (700) and ",[69,496,497],{},"novecientos"," (900).",[57,500,501,504,505,508,509,512,513,516,517,520,521,523,524,527,528,531],{},[69,502,503],{},"mil and millón."," ",[69,506,507],{},"Mil"," is invariable and never takes an article for the count: it is ",[69,510,511],{},"mil euros",", never \"un mil\". But ",[69,514,515],{},"millón"," is a noun: it pluralises to ",[69,518,519],{},"millones"," and takes ",[69,522,374],{}," before what it counts: ",[69,525,526],{},"dos millones de personas"," (two million people), ",[69,529,530],{},"un millón de razones"," (a million reasons).",[57,533,534,535,538,539,542,543,546,547,550,551,554],{},"In numerals, Spanish is the mirror of English punctuation: the ",[69,536,537],{},"decimal point is a comma"," and the ",[69,540,541],{},"thousands separator is a dot",". So ",[69,544,545],{},"3,5"," is read ",[69,548,549],{},"tres coma cinco",", and ",[69,552,553],{},"1.000"," is one thousand.",[61,556,558],{"id":557},"percentages","Percentages",[57,560,561,562,565,566,273,569,203,572,575,576,579,580,583],{},"Use ",[69,563,564],{},"por ciento"," with ",[69,567,568],{},"el",[69,570,571],{},"un",[69,573,574],{},"el veinte por ciento"," (twenty per cent), ",[69,577,578],{},"un aumento del diez por ciento"," (a ten per cent rise). The single word ",[69,581,582],{},"el porcentaje"," means the percentage itself.",[61,585,587],{"id":586},"dates","Dates",[57,589,590,591,203,594,597,598,600,601,604,605,608,609,72,612,615],{},"The pattern is ",[69,592,593],{},"el + number + de + month + de + year",[69,595,596],{},"el 3 de mayo de 2024"," (the 3rd of May 2024). Months are not capitalised. For the ",[69,599,71],{}," of the month you may say ",[69,602,603],{},"el primero de mayo"," or, just as commonly, ",[69,606,607],{},"el uno de mayo","; every other day uses a plain cardinal (",[69,610,611],{},"el dos",[69,613,614],{},"el quince",").",[57,617,618,619,622,623,626,627,550,630,626,633,216],{},"Years are read as ",[69,620,621],{},"one whole number",", never split into pairs the English way: ",[69,624,625],{},"1990"," is ",[69,628,629],{},"mil novecientos noventa",[69,631,632],{},"2024",[69,634,635],{},"dos mil veinticuatro",[61,637,639],{"id":638},"telling-the-time","Telling the time",[57,641,642,643,646,647,650,651,216],{},"The clock runs on ",[69,644,645],{},"ser"," plus the article. One o'clock is ",[69,648,649],{},"singular","; everything else is ",[69,652,653],{},"plural",[81,655,656,666],{},[84,657,658],{},[87,659,660,663],{},[90,661,662],{},"English",[90,664,665],{},"Spanish",[101,667,668,676,684,692,700,708,716,724],{},[87,669,670,673],{},[106,671,672],{},"It's one o'clock",[106,674,675],{},"Es la una",[87,677,678,681],{},[106,679,680],{},"It's three o'clock",[106,682,683],{},"Son las tres",[87,685,686,689],{},[106,687,688],{},"Half past four",[106,690,691],{},"Son las cuatro y media",[87,693,694,697],{},[106,695,696],{},"Quarter past five",[106,698,699],{},"Son las cinco y cuarto",[87,701,702,705],{},[106,703,704],{},"Ten past two",[106,706,707],{},"Son las dos y diez",[87,709,710,713],{},[106,711,712],{},"Quarter to nine",[106,714,715],{},"Son las nueve menos cuarto",[87,717,718,721],{},[106,719,720],{},"Ten to six",[106,722,723],{},"Son las seis menos diez",[87,725,726,729],{},[106,727,728],{},"At three o'clock",[106,730,731],{},"A las tres",[57,733,734,735,738,739,203,742,745,746,749,750,203,753,756,757,760,761,203,764,72,767,770,771,774,775,778,779,782,783,72,786,789,790,300,793,203,796,216],{},"Minutes ",[69,736,737],{},"past"," the hour go on with ",[69,740,741],{},"y",[69,743,744],{},"las dos y diez",". Minutes ",[69,747,748],{},"to"," the next hour come off with ",[69,751,752],{},"menos",[69,754,755],{},"las seis menos diez"," (ten to six). To say ",[69,758,759],{},"at"," what time, use ",[69,762,763],{},"a",[69,765,766],{},"a las tres",[69,768,769],{},"a la una",". For time of day, add ",[69,772,773],{},"de la mañana"," (in the morning), ",[69,776,777],{},"de la tarde"," (in the afternoon) or ",[69,780,781],{},"de la noche"," (at night): ",[69,784,785],{},"las ocho de la mañana",[69,787,788],{},"las diez de la noche",". And ",[69,791,792],{},"en punto",[69,794,795],{},"on the dot",[69,797,798],{},"a las cinco en punto",[61,800,802],{"id":801},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[57,804,805,808,809,811,812,814],{},[69,806,807],{},"Forgetting apocope."," It is ",[69,810,225],{},", not \"el primero día\". The clip only happens before a masculine singular noun, so ",[69,813,183],{}," keeps its full form.",[57,816,817,820,821,203,823,825],{},[69,818,819],{},"Leaving cien as cien with a smaller number."," As soon as something smaller follows, it must become ",[69,822,452],{},[69,824,456],{},", not \"cien uno\".",[57,827,828,831,832,203,834,836],{},[69,829,830],{},"Dropping the de after millón."," Millions of anything need ",[69,833,374],{},[69,835,526],{},", never \"dos millones personas\".",[57,838,839,842,843,846,847,216],{},[69,840,841],{},"Using es for every hour."," Only one o'clock takes ",[69,844,845],{},"es la una",". Every other hour is plural: ",[69,848,849],{},"son las cuatro",[57,851,852,855,856,858,859,861],{},[69,853,854],{},"Copying English punctuation."," Remember the swap: ",[69,857,545],{}," is a decimal, ",[69,860,553],{}," is a thousand.",[61,863,865],{"id":864},"see-also","See also",[218,867,868,875,882,889],{},[221,869,870,874],{},[763,871,873],{"href":872},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnumbers","Spanish numbers 1 to 100"," - the basic cardinals this page builds on.",[221,876,877,881],{},[763,878,880],{"href":879},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fadjective-agreement","Adjective agreement"," - the gender and number rules that ordinals and the hundreds follow.",[221,883,884,888],{},[763,885,887],{"href":886},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fser-estar","ser and estar"," - why the clock uses ser, not estar.",[221,890,891,892,896],{},"The ",[763,893,895],{"href":894},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," has the ordinals and the time phrases on one card.",{"title":898,"searchDepth":899,"depth":899,"links":900},"",2,[901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909],{"id":63,"depth":899,"text":64},{"id":280,"depth":899,"text":281},{"id":367,"depth":899,"text":368},{"id":425,"depth":899,"text":426},{"id":557,"depth":899,"text":558},{"id":586,"depth":899,"text":587},{"id":638,"depth":899,"text":639},{"id":801,"depth":899,"text":802},{"id":864,"depth":899,"text":865},"B1-B2","Everything past the basic cardinals: Spanish ordinals and their apocope, fractions, collective and large numbers, percentages, dates and telling the time.",[913,944],{"type":914,"instructions":915,"items":916},"fill-blank","Complete each phrase with the correct number word, watching agreement and apocope.",[917,920,922,926,930,934,938,941],{"prompt":918,"answer":209,"hint":919},"Es el ___ día de clase. (first)","apocope before a masculine noun",{"prompt":921,"answer":215,"hint":919},"Vivo en el ___ piso. (third)",{"prompt":923,"answer":924,"hint":925},"Necesito ___ kilo de queso. (half)","medio","medio agrees with kilo",{"prompt":927,"answer":928,"hint":929},"Compré ___ casas nuevas. (two hundred)","doscientas","agrees with casas",{"prompt":931,"answer":932,"hint":933},"Vinieron ___ personas al concierto. (five hundred)","quinientas","agrees with personas",{"prompt":935,"answer":936,"hint":937},"Hay ___ millones de habitantes. (two)","dos","millones takes de after it",{"prompt":939,"answer":153,"hint":940},"Son las cinco y ___. (quarter)","quarter past",{"prompt":942,"answer":111,"hint":943},"El examen es el ___ de mayo. (first, as a date)","first of the month",{"type":945,"instructions":946,"items":947},"which-one","Choose the correct option for each gap.",[948,952,955,958,963,966],{"prompt":949,"answer":950,"options":951},"Es la ___ vez que lo intento. (first)","primera",[209,950],{"prompt":953,"answer":438,"options":954},"Cuesta ___ euros. (100)",[438,452],{"prompt":956,"answer":452,"options":957},"El número es ___ uno. (101)",[438,452],{"prompt":959,"answer":960,"options":961},"___ la una en punto.","Es",[960,962],"Son",{"prompt":964,"answer":752,"options":965},"Son las seis ___ diez. (ten to six)",[741,752],{"prompt":967,"answer":215,"options":968},"Quedé en ___ lugar en la carrera. (third)",[215,139],"md",[971,974,977,980],{"q":972,"a":973},"When do primero and tercero shorten to primer and tercer in Spanish?","Only before a masculine singular noun. Primero and tercero drop their final -o and become primer and tercer: el primer día (the first day), el tercer piso (the third floor). This clipping is called apocope. It happens with these two ordinals exactly as it happens with uno (un libro) and bueno (buen día). Before a feminine noun there is no apocope: la primera vez (the first time), la tercera calle (the third street). And the full forms return when nothing follows: el primero, llegó tercero. The other ordinals never shorten.",{"q":975,"a":976},"Why does cien become ciento in Spanish?","Cien is the form for exactly one hundred and for hundreds before a bigger unit: cien euros (a hundred euros), cien mil (a hundred thousand), cien millones. The moment you tack a smaller number onto it, it becomes ciento: ciento uno (101), ciento cincuenta (150), ciento noventa y nueve (199). So it is cien on its own but ciento when something smaller follows. The hundreds from 200 up also agree in gender: doscientas casas (two hundred houses), quinientas personas (five hundred people), but doscientos libros with a masculine noun.",{"q":978,"a":979},"How do you tell the time in Spanish?","Use ser plus the article. One o'clock is singular: es la una. Everything else is plural: son las tres, son las diez. Add minutes past with y: son las cuatro y media (half past four), las cinco y cuarto (quarter past five), las dos y diez (ten past two). Take minutes off the next hour with menos: las seis menos diez (ten to six), las nueve menos cuarto (quarter to nine). To say at what time, use a: a las tres, a la una. For a.m. and p.m. add de la mañana, de la tarde or de la noche.",{"q":981,"a":982},"How do you write dates and large numbers in Spanish?","A date is el + number + de + month + de + year: el 3 de mayo de 2024 (the 3rd of May 2024). The first of the month can be el primero de mayo or el uno de mayo; every other day uses the plain cardinal. Years are read as one whole number, not in pairs: 1990 is mil novecientos noventa. In numerals Spanish uses a comma for the decimal point and a dot for thousands, the mirror of English: 3,5 is tres coma cinco, and 1.000 is one thousand. Millón and its plural millones always take de before a noun: dos millones de personas.","higher","You learned to count to a hundred, and then the numbers turned strange. Why is it el primer día but la primera vez? Why does cien become ciento the moment you add anything after it? How do you say a quarter of an hour, three fifths, the twenty-first century, half past six, or the third of May? This page gathers up everything that sits past the plain one-to-a-hundred cardinals: the ordinals primero to décimo, with the tricky apocope that clips primero to primer and tercero to tercer before a masculine noun; fractions from media hora to un octavo; the collective numbers Spanish loves (una docena, un centenar, miles de); the agreement rules for the hundreds (doscientas casas but quinientos libros); the invariable mil and the millón that always drags a de behind it; percentages; how to write a date and read a year; and the whole business of telling the time, from es la una to son las seis menos diez. Tables, glossed examples and drills throughout, so the awkward numbers stop being awkward.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnumbers-advanced",{"title":46,"description":911},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fnumbers-advanced","7EqfnRsVQ6uM-yDNhPRVyyAR00qGTnwPR2iBZAMP2hU",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":994},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":996},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":998},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M20 20a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-7.9a2 2 0 0 1-1.69-.9L9.6 3.9A2 2 0 0 0 7.93 3H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2Zm-8-10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m15 13l-3 3l-3-3\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1000},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 4.702a.705.705 0 0 0-1.203-.498L6.413 7.587A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 5.416 8H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2.416a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .997.413l3.383 3.384A.705.705 0 0 0 11 19.298zM16 9a5 5 0 0 1 0 6m3.364 3.364a9 9 0 0 0 0-12.728\"\u002F>"]