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stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":33,"title":34,"author":35,"body":36,"cefrLevel":628,"date":35,"description":629,"extension":630,"faqs":631,"gcseTier":638,"intro":639,"language":640,"lastUpdated":35,"meta":641,"navigation":642,"path":643,"seo":644,"stem":645,"verbSlugs":35,"__hash__":646},"pages\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-perfect.md","Spanish Present Perfect: he hablado, ha vivido, hemos visto",null,{"type":37,"value":38,"toc":616},"minimark",[39,44,48,53,59,127,139,142,158,161,199,203,206,344,361,365,376,396,399,413,417,420,476,483,497,501,512,516,554,558,587,591],[40,41,43],"h1",{"id":42},"spanish-present-perfect","Spanish Present Perfect",[45,46,47],"p",{},"The present perfect is Spanish's first compound tense. Two pieces, no separation, predictable participle formation, eleven irregulars. Worth learning thoroughly because it's a common A2-B1 building block.",[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"the-structure","The structure",[45,54,55],{},[56,57,58],"strong",{},"haber (conjugated) + past participle.",[60,61,62,75],"table",{},[63,64,65],"thead",{},[66,67,68,72],"tr",{},[69,70,71],"th",{},"Person",[69,73,74],{},"haber",[76,77,78,87,95,103,111,119],"tbody",{},[66,79,80,84],{},[81,82,83],"td",{},"yo",[81,85,86],{},"he",[66,88,89,92],{},[81,90,91],{},"tú",[81,93,94],{},"has",[66,96,97,100],{},[81,98,99],{},"él \u002F ella \u002F usted",[81,101,102],{},"ha",[66,104,105,108],{},[81,106,107],{},"nosotros",[81,109,110],{},"hemos",[66,112,113,116],{},[81,114,115],{},"vosotros",[81,117,118],{},"habéis",[66,120,121,124],{},[81,122,123],{},"ellos \u002F ellas \u002F ustedes",[81,125,126],{},"han",[45,128,129,130,132,133,135,136,138],{},"Note ",[56,131,110],{}," (no accent), ",[56,134,118],{}," (accent on the e), ",[56,137,126],{}," (no s on the end - this is the only have-han pair where the difference matters).",[45,140,141],{},"The past participle is built from the infinitive stem:",[143,144,145,152],"ul",{},[146,147,148,151],"li",{},[56,149,150],{},"-ar verbs"," → -ado: hablar → hablado, trabajar → trabajado",[146,153,154,157],{},[56,155,156],{},"-er and -ir verbs"," → -ido: comer → comido, vivir → vivido, salir → salido",[45,159,160],{},"Put them together:",[143,162,163,169,175,181,187,193],{},[146,164,165,168],{},[56,166,167],{},"he hablado"," (I have spoken)",[146,170,171,174],{},[56,172,173],{},"has comido"," (you have eaten)",[146,176,177,180],{},[56,178,179],{},"ha vivido"," (he \u002F she \u002F you-formal has lived)",[146,182,183,186],{},[56,184,185],{},"hemos trabajado"," (we have worked)",[146,188,189,192],{},[56,190,191],{},"habéis salido"," (you-pl have gone out)",[146,194,195,198],{},[56,196,197],{},"han llegado"," (they have arrived)",[49,200,202],{"id":201},"the-eleven-irregular-participles","The eleven irregular participles",[45,204,205],{},"A small set of common verbs don't form their participle by the regular rule. These are the ones you'll meet in the top 1,000 lemmas.",[60,207,208,221],{},[63,209,210],{},[66,211,212,215,218],{},[69,213,214],{},"Verb",[69,216,217],{},"Participle",[69,219,220],{},"English",[76,222,223,234,245,256,267,278,289,300,311,322,333],{},[66,224,225,228,231],{},[81,226,227],{},"hacer",[81,229,230],{},"hecho",[81,232,233],{},"done, made",[66,235,236,239,242],{},[81,237,238],{},"decir",[81,240,241],{},"dicho",[81,243,244],{},"said",[66,246,247,250,253],{},[81,248,249],{},"ver",[81,251,252],{},"visto",[81,254,255],{},"seen",[66,257,258,261,264],{},[81,259,260],{},"escribir",[81,262,263],{},"escrito",[81,265,266],{},"written",[66,268,269,272,275],{},[81,270,271],{},"abrir",[81,273,274],{},"abierto",[81,276,277],{},"opened",[66,279,280,283,286],{},[81,281,282],{},"volver",[81,284,285],{},"vuelto",[81,287,288],{},"returned",[66,290,291,294,297],{},[81,292,293],{},"poner",[81,295,296],{},"puesto",[81,298,299],{},"put",[66,301,302,305,308],{},[81,303,304],{},"morir",[81,306,307],{},"muerto",[81,309,310],{},"died",[66,312,313,316,319],{},[81,314,315],{},"romper",[81,317,318],{},"roto",[81,320,321],{},"broken",[66,323,324,327,330],{},[81,325,326],{},"cubrir",[81,328,329],{},"cubierto",[81,331,332],{},"covered",[66,334,335,338,341],{},[81,336,337],{},"resolver",[81,339,340],{},"resuelto",[81,342,343],{},"resolved, solved",[45,345,346,347,350,351,350,354,350,357,360],{},"Verbs derived from these inherit the same irregular participle: ",[56,348,349],{},"descubrir → descubierto",", ",[56,352,353],{},"devolver → devuelto",[56,355,356],{},"deshacer → deshecho",[56,358,359],{},"componer → compuesto",".",[49,362,364],{"id":363},"position-of-pronouns-and-adverbs","Position of pronouns and adverbs",[45,366,367,368,371,372,375],{},"In Spanish, ",[56,369,370],{},"haber and the participle never separate",". Any object pronoun or reflexive goes ",[56,373,374],{},"before haber",", not between haber and the participle.",[143,377,378,384,390],{},[146,379,380,383],{},[56,381,382],{},"Lo he visto."," (I have seen it.) - not \"he lo visto\" or \"he visto lo\"",[146,385,386,389],{},[56,387,388],{},"No te he dicho nada."," (I haven't told you anything.)",[146,391,392,395],{},[56,393,394],{},"Se ha levantado tarde."," (He has got up late.)",[45,397,398],{},"Adverbs also stay outside the auxiliary-participle cluster.",[143,400,401,407],{},[146,402,403,406],{},[56,404,405],{},"Ya he comido."," (I have already eaten.) - ya goes before haber, not between haber and comido",[146,408,409,412],{},[56,410,411],{},"Todavía no ha llegado."," (He hasn't arrived yet.)",[49,414,416],{"id":415},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[45,418,419],{},"In peninsular Spanish, the present perfect is the default for:",[143,421,422,442,462],{},[146,423,424,427,428],{},[56,425,426],{},"Recent actions in a time frame that includes the present",": hoy (today), esta semana (this week), este año (this year), este mes (this month).\n",[143,429,430,436],{},[146,431,432,435],{},[56,433,434],{},"Hoy he ido al cine."," (Today I went to the cinema.)",[146,437,438,441],{},[56,439,440],{},"Esta semana he trabajado mucho."," (This week I've worked a lot.)",[146,443,444,447,448],{},[56,445,446],{},"Past actions with current relevance"," (life experience, ongoing situations).\n",[143,449,450,456],{},[146,451,452,455],{},[56,453,454],{},"He vivido en Madrid."," (I've lived in Madrid.)",[146,457,458,461],{},[56,459,460],{},"Nunca he comido sushi."," (I've never eaten sushi.)",[146,463,464,467,468],{},[56,465,466],{},"Just-completed actions"," (often with acabar de or recién).\n",[143,469,470],{},[146,471,472,475],{},[56,473,474],{},"Acabo de llegar."," (I've just arrived. - acabar de + infinitive, parallel construction)",[45,477,478,479,482],{},"For completed actions in a closed past (ayer, la semana pasada, hace dos años), use the ",[56,480,481],{},"preterite"," instead. A preview of the next chapter:",[143,484,485,491],{},[146,486,487,490],{},[56,488,489],{},"Lo he visto hoy."," (I've seen him today.) - present perfect",[146,492,493,496],{},[56,494,495],{},"Lo vi ayer."," (I saw him yesterday.) - preterite",[49,498,500],{"id":499},"regional-note","Regional note",[45,502,503,504,507,508,511],{},"Latin American Spanish leans more heavily on the preterite and uses the present perfect less. Many speakers would say ",[56,505,506],{},"lo vi hoy"," where a peninsular speaker says ",[56,509,510],{},"lo he visto hoy",". For exam Spanish targeting the peninsular standard, follow the time-frame rule above. For real-world use in Latin America, both are accepted.",[49,513,515],{"id":514},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[143,517,518,524,530,536,542,548],{},[146,519,520,523],{},[56,521,522],{},"He estudiado mucho este año."," (I've studied a lot this year.)",[146,525,526,529],{},[56,527,528],{},"¿Has visto la película?"," (Have you seen the film?)",[146,531,532,535],{},[56,533,534],{},"Mi hermana ha vuelto de París."," (My sister has come back from Paris.)",[146,537,538,541],{},[56,539,540],{},"No hemos hecho nada hoy."," (We haven't done anything today.)",[146,543,544,547],{},[56,545,546],{},"Han abierto un nuevo restaurante en la calle."," (They've opened a new restaurant on the street.)",[146,549,550,553],{},[56,551,552],{},"Nunca he estado en México."," (I've never been to Mexico.)",[49,555,557],{"id":556},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[45,559,560,561,564,565,568,569,572,573,576,577,564,580,583,584,360],{},"Trying to split haber and the participle to mirror English word order: ",[56,562,563],{},"he ya comido"," instead of ",[56,566,567],{},"ya he comido",". The two pieces are welded together in Spanish. Treating the participle as an adjective and agreeing it with the subject: in the present perfect the participle is invariable - it's always ",[56,570,571],{},"hemos comido",", never \"hemos comidas\". Forgetting irregular participles and saying ",[56,574,575],{},"he hacido"," or ",[56,578,579],{},"he ponido",[56,581,582],{},"he hecho"," and ",[56,585,586],{},"he puesto",[49,588,590],{"id":589},"see-also","See also",[143,592,593,602,609],{},[146,594,595,596,601],{},"The ",[597,598,600],"a",{"href":599},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpreterite","Spanish preterite page"," covers the past tense for closed time frames.",[146,603,595,604,608],{},[597,605,607],{"href":606},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpreterite-vs-imperfect","preterite vs imperfect page"," covers the two simple past tenses side by side.",[146,610,595,611,615],{},[597,612,614],{"href":613},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate Spanish grammar"," page covers the full compound-tense system.",{"title":617,"searchDepth":618,"depth":618,"links":619},"",2,[620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627],{"id":51,"depth":618,"text":52},{"id":201,"depth":618,"text":202},{"id":363,"depth":618,"text":364},{"id":415,"depth":618,"text":416},{"id":499,"depth":618,"text":500},{"id":514,"depth":618,"text":515},{"id":556,"depth":618,"text":557},{"id":589,"depth":618,"text":590},"A2-B1","Spanish present perfect (he hablado, has comido, ha vivido) - haber plus past participle, the irregular participles, and when to use it instead of the preterite.","md",[632,635],{"q":633,"a":634},"How do you form the Spanish present perfect?","Two pieces: the present-tense of haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han) plus the past participle of the main verb. Past participles end in -ado for -ar verbs (hablado, trabajado) and -ido for -er and -ir verbs (comido, vivido). He hablado = I have spoken, has comido = you have eaten, hemos vivido = we have lived. The two pieces never split - no word can come between haber and the participle in Spanish, unlike English where 'I have already eaten' separates the auxiliary.",{"q":636,"a":637},"When do you use the present perfect vs the preterite in Spanish?","In peninsular Spanish, the present perfect covers actions in a time frame that includes the present (hoy, esta semana, este año) and recent actions with present relevance. The preterite covers completed actions in a closed past (ayer, la semana pasada, en 2010). 'I saw him today' is lo he visto hoy, but 'I saw him yesterday' is lo vi ayer. In Latin American Spanish the preterite is used more often and the present perfect less - many speakers would say lo vi hoy. For exams targeting peninsular Spanish, follow the time-frame rule above.","foundation","The Spanish present perfect is formed with haber plus the past participle - he hablado, has comido, ha vivido. It maps onto the English present perfect most of the time (I have spoken, you have eaten), with a couple of regional and contextual differences. This page covers the formation, the eleven irregular participles you'll meet in the top 1,000 lemmas, and when to reach for it instead of the preterite.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-perfect",{"title":34,"description":629},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-perfect","1r5Z8EHZzQhG-JtzmKOolxCMd9JWqPko2o7rpgsw1Lk",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":649},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":651},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":653},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":655},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":657},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":659},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":661},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":663,"hidden":642},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1781531943746]