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Set Phrases with tener, dar, hacer, echar (tener ganas, echar de menos, hacer falta)",null,{"type":49,"value":50,"toc":870},"minimark",[51,56,116,123,130,142,263,297,305,310,434,466,477,487,555,587,591,605,662,688,695,705,763,789,793,818,821,825],[52,53,55],"h1",{"id":54},"spanish-set-phrases-with-tener-dar-hacer-echar-and-poner","Spanish Set Phrases with tener, dar, hacer, echar and poner",[57,58,59,60,64,65,64,68,64,71,74,75,78,79,64,83,64,86,64,89,74,92,95,96,99,100,103,104,107,108,111,112,115],"p",{},"A surprising amount of everyday Spanish is carried by just five ordinary verbs: ",[61,62,63],"strong",{},"tener",", ",[61,66,67],{},"dar",[61,69,70],{},"hacer",[61,72,73],{},"echar"," and ",[61,76,77],{},"poner",". Alone they mean ",[80,81,82],"em",{},"have",[80,84,85],{},"give",[80,87,88],{},"do\u002Fmake",[80,90,91],{},"throw",[80,93,94],{},"put",". But inside fixed expressions they hand almost all their meaning over to the noun beside them and become ",[61,97,98],{},"light verbs"," - grammatical scaffolding, nothing more. ",[61,101,102],{},"Tener ganas"," is not about holding anything; it means ",[80,105,106],{},"to feel like",". ",[61,109,110],{},"Echar de menos"," has no throwing in it; it means ",[80,113,114],{},"to miss someone",".",[57,117,118,119,122],{},"The rule that saves you is simple: ",[61,120,121],{},"learn each one as a whole chunk",". Do not translate the parts, do not reason your way to the preposition. Bank the entire frame, the way a Spanish child does, and the phrase will mean what the phrase means.",[124,125,127,128],"h2",{"id":126},"tener-states-you-have","tener: states you ",[80,129,82],{},[57,131,132,133,135,136,139,140,115],{},"With ",[61,134,63],{}," the noun names a state you are in, and English usually reaches for ",[80,137,138],{},"be"," rather than ",[80,141,82],{},[143,144,145,161],"table",{},[146,147,148],"thead",{},[149,150,151,155,158],"tr",{},[152,153,154],"th",{},"Expression",[152,156,157],{},"Literal",[152,159,160],{},"Real meaning",[162,163,164,175,186,197,208,219,230,241,252],"tbody",{},[149,165,166,170,173],{},[167,168,169],"td",{},"tener ganas de",[167,171,172],{},"to have urges of",[167,174,106],{},[149,176,177,180,183],{},[167,178,179],{},"tener razón",[167,181,182],{},"to have reason",[167,184,185],{},"to be right",[149,187,188,191,194],{},[167,189,190],{},"tener sentido",[167,192,193],{},"to have sense",[167,195,196],{},"to make sense",[149,198,199,202,205],{},[167,200,201],{},"tener lugar",[167,203,204],{},"to have place",[167,206,207],{},"to take place",[149,209,210,213,216],{},[167,211,212],{},"tener en cuenta",[167,214,215],{},"to have in account",[167,217,218],{},"to bear in mind",[149,220,221,224,227],{},[167,222,223],{},"tener cuidado",[167,225,226],{},"to have care",[167,228,229],{},"to be careful",[149,231,232,235,238],{},[167,233,234],{},"tener prisa",[167,236,237],{},"to have haste",[167,239,240],{},"to be in a hurry",[149,242,243,246,249],{},[167,244,245],{},"tener suerte",[167,247,248],{},"to have luck",[167,250,251],{},"to be lucky",[149,253,254,257,260],{},[167,255,256],{},"tener que ver con",[167,258,259],{},"to have to see with",[167,261,262],{},"to have to do with",[264,265,266,273,279,285,291],"ul",{},[267,268,269,272],"li",{},[61,270,271],{},"Tengo muchas ganas de verte."," (I really feel like seeing you.)",[267,274,275,278],{},[61,276,277],{},"Tienes razón, no tiene sentido."," (You are right, it makes no sense.)",[267,280,281,284],{},[61,282,283],{},"La reunión tendrá lugar el lunes."," (The meeting will take place on Monday.)",[267,286,287,290],{},[61,288,289],{},"Ten cuidado, voy con prisa."," (Be careful, I am in a hurry.)",[267,292,293,296],{},[61,294,295],{},"Eso no tiene nada que ver con el tema."," (That has nothing to do with the subject.)",[124,298,300,301,304],{"id":299},"dar-things-that-are-given-to-you","dar: things that are ",[80,302,303],{},"given"," to you",[57,306,132,307,309],{},[61,308,67],{}," something is handed over, often a feeling or an outcome. Several of these are reflexive.",[143,311,312,322],{},[146,313,314],{},[149,315,316,318,320],{},[152,317,154],{},[152,319,157],{},[152,321,160],{},[162,323,324,335,346,357,368,379,390,401,412,423],{},[149,325,326,329,332],{},[167,327,328],{},"dar igual",[167,330,331],{},"to give equal",[167,333,334],{},"not to matter",[149,336,337,340,343],{},[167,338,339],{},"darse cuenta de",[167,341,342],{},"to give oneself account",[167,344,345],{},"to realise",[149,347,348,351,354],{},[167,349,350],{},"dar la vuelta",[167,352,353],{},"to give the turn",[167,355,356],{},"to turn round",[149,358,359,362,365],{},[167,360,361],{},"dar pena",[167,363,364],{},"to give sorrow",[167,366,367],{},"to make one sad",[149,369,370,373,376],{},[167,371,372],{},"dar miedo",[167,374,375],{},"to give fear",[167,377,378],{},"to frighten",[149,380,381,384,387],{},[167,382,383],{},"dar asco",[167,385,386],{},"to give disgust",[167,388,389],{},"to disgust",[149,391,392,395,398],{},[167,393,394],{},"dar las gracias",[167,396,397],{},"to give the thanks",[167,399,400],{},"to thank",[149,402,403,406,409],{},[167,404,405],{},"dar un paseo",[167,407,408],{},"to give a walk",[167,410,411],{},"to take a walk",[149,413,414,417,420],{},[167,415,416],{},"dar por hecho",[167,418,419],{},"to give as done",[167,421,422],{},"to take for granted",[149,424,425,428,431],{},[167,426,427],{},"dar la lata",[167,429,430],{},"to give the tin",[167,432,433],{},"to be a nuisance",[264,435,436,442,448,454,460],{},[267,437,438,441],{},[61,439,440],{},"Me da igual, decide tú."," (It is all the same to me, you decide.)",[267,443,444,447],{},[61,445,446],{},"No me di cuenta de la hora."," (I did not realise the time.)",[267,449,450,453],{},[61,451,452],{},"Esa película da miedo."," (That film is frightening.)",[267,455,456,459],{},[61,457,458],{},"Dieron las gracias y se fueron a dar un paseo."," (They said thank you and went for a walk.)",[267,461,462,465],{},[61,463,464],{},"Los niños no paran de dar la lata."," (The children will not stop being a nuisance.)",[124,467,469,470,473,474],{"id":468},"hacer-actions-you-do-or-make","hacer: actions you ",[80,471,472],{},"do"," or ",[80,475,476],{},"make",[57,478,479,482,483,486],{},[61,480,481],{},"Hacer"," builds phrases for shared, everyday actions. One, ",[61,484,485],{},"hacerse el tonto",", pretends at a role.",[143,488,489,499],{},[146,490,491],{},[149,492,493,495,497],{},[152,494,154],{},[152,496,157],{},[152,498,160],{},[162,500,501,512,523,533,544],{},[149,502,503,506,509],{},[167,504,505],{},"hacer falta",[167,507,508],{},"to make lack",[167,510,511],{},"to be needed",[149,513,514,517,520],{},[167,515,516],{},"hacer caso",[167,518,519],{},"to make case",[167,521,522],{},"to pay attention, to heed",[149,524,525,527,530],{},[167,526,485],{},[167,528,529],{},"to make oneself the fool",[167,531,532],{},"to play dumb",[149,534,535,538,541],{},[167,536,537],{},"hacer cola",[167,539,540],{},"to make tail",[167,542,543],{},"to queue",[149,545,546,549,552],{},[167,547,548],{},"hacer las paces",[167,550,551],{},"to make the peaces",[167,553,554],{},"to make up",[264,556,557,563,569,575,581],{},[267,558,559,562],{},[61,560,561],{},"No hace falta que vengas."," (There is no need for you to come.)",[267,564,565,568],{},[61,566,567],{},"Nadie me hace caso."," (Nobody pays me any attention.)",[267,570,571,574],{},[61,572,573],{},"No te hagas el tonto, sabes lo que pasó."," (Do not play dumb, you know what happened.)",[267,576,577,580],{},[61,578,579],{},"Odio hacer cola en el supermercado."," (I hate queuing at the supermarket.)",[267,582,583,586],{},[61,584,585],{},"Discutieron, pero hicieron las paces."," (They argued, but they made up.)",[124,588,590],{"id":589},"echar-the-least-literal-of-all","echar: the least literal of all",[57,592,593,596,597,600,601,604],{},[61,594,595],{},"Echar"," normally means ",[80,598,599],{},"to throw",", yet in set phrases it points to missing, helping and looking. ",[61,602,603],{},"Echarse a"," plus an infinitive means to burst suddenly into an action.",[143,606,607,617],{},[146,608,609],{},[149,610,611,613,615],{},[152,612,154],{},[152,614,157],{},[152,616,160],{},[162,618,619,629,640,651],{},[149,620,621,624,627],{},[167,622,623],{},"echar de menos",[167,625,626],{},"to throw of less",[167,628,114],{},[149,630,631,634,637],{},[167,632,633],{},"echar una mano",[167,635,636],{},"to throw a hand",[167,638,639],{},"to lend a hand",[149,641,642,645,648],{},[167,643,644],{},"echar un vistazo",[167,646,647],{},"to throw a glance",[167,649,650],{},"to take a look",[149,652,653,656,659],{},[167,654,655],{},"echarse a + inf",[167,657,658],{},"to throw oneself to",[167,660,661],{},"to burst out (doing)",[264,663,664,670,676,682],{},[267,665,666,669],{},[61,667,668],{},"Te echo mucho de menos."," (I miss you a lot.)",[267,671,672,675],{},[61,673,674],{},"¿Me echas una mano con esto?"," (Will you lend me a hand with this?)",[267,677,678,681],{},[61,679,680],{},"Voy a echar un vistazo al menú."," (I am going to take a look at the menu.)",[267,683,684,687],{},[61,685,686],{},"Se echó a llorar de repente."," (She burst out crying suddenly.)",[124,689,691,692],{"id":690},"poner-getting-things-set","poner: getting things ",[80,693,694],{},"set",[57,696,697,700,701,704],{},[61,698,699],{},"Poner"," puts something in a state or in motion, and its reflexive ",[61,702,703],{},"ponerse"," is especially productive.",[143,706,707,717],{},[146,708,709],{},[149,710,711,713,715],{},[152,712,154],{},[152,714,157],{},[152,716,160],{},[162,718,719,730,741,752],{},[149,720,721,724,727],{},[167,722,723],{},"ponerse de acuerdo",[167,725,726],{},"to put oneself in accord",[167,728,729],{},"to agree",[149,731,732,735,738],{},[167,733,734],{},"poner en marcha",[167,736,737],{},"to put in march",[167,739,740],{},"to set going",[149,742,743,746,749],{},[167,744,745],{},"poner al día",[167,747,748],{},"to put to the day",[167,750,751],{},"to bring up to date",[149,753,754,757,760],{},[167,755,756],{},"ponerse las pilas",[167,758,759],{},"to put on the batteries",[167,761,762],{},"to get cracking",[264,764,765,771,777,783],{},[267,766,767,770],{},[61,768,769],{},"Al final nos pusimos de acuerdo."," (In the end we agreed.)",[267,772,773,776],{},[61,774,775],{},"Van a poner en marcha el proyecto."," (They are going to set the project going.)",[267,778,779,782],{},[61,780,781],{},"Tengo que ponerte al día."," (I need to bring you up to date.)",[267,784,785,788],{},[61,786,787],{},"Ponte las pilas, queda poco tiempo."," (Get cracking, there is little time left.)",[124,790,792],{"id":791},"the-one-rule-that-matters","The one rule that matters",[57,794,795,796,798,799,801,802,804,805,64,808,804,810,64,812,814,815,817],{},"Notice how little the verb tells you and how much the noun does. That is the whole point of a light verb: it lends its grammar - person, tense, mood - while the fixed structure supplies the sense. So do not store ",[80,797,73],{}," and hope to reassemble ",[80,800,623],{}," under pressure. Store the finished chunk, preposition and all, and pull it out whole. This is also where learners most often slip: ",[61,803,723],{}," needs its ",[80,806,807],{},"de",[61,809,169],{},[80,811,807],{},[61,813,339],{}," needs both the reflexive and the ",[80,816,807],{},". Get the little words right and you sound native; drop one and the seam shows.",[57,819,820],{},"Learn these five families as ready-made phrases and you will have unlocked a large chunk of natural, idiomatic Spanish in one go - the difference between speech that has been translated and speech that simply sounds Spanish.",[124,822,824],{"id":823},"see-also","See also",[264,826,827,844,855,862],{},[267,828,829,834,835,837,838,840,841,843],{},[830,831,833],"a",{"href":832},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fser-vs-estar","Ser and estar"," - the two ",[80,836,138],{}," verbs, and why so many English ",[80,839,138],{}," states become ",[61,842,63],{}," in Spanish.",[267,845,846,850,851,854],{},[830,847,849],{"href":848},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Freflexive-verbs","Reflexive verbs"," - the ",[61,852,853],{},"se"," behind darse cuenta, hacerse el tonto and ponerse las pilas.",[267,856,857,861],{},[830,858,860],{"href":859},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpor-vs-para","Por and para"," - more on the small prepositions these chunks fix in place.",[267,863,864,865,869],{},"The ",[830,866,868],{"href":867},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," collects the busiest set phrases on one card.",{"title":871,"searchDepth":872,"depth":872,"links":873},"",2,[874,876,878,880,881,883,884],{"id":126,"depth":872,"text":875},"tener: states you have",{"id":299,"depth":872,"text":877},"dar: things that are given to you",{"id":468,"depth":872,"text":879},"hacer: actions you do or make",{"id":589,"depth":872,"text":590},{"id":690,"depth":872,"text":882},"poner: getting things set",{"id":791,"depth":872,"text":792},{"id":823,"depth":872,"text":824},"B2","The fixed light-verb idioms that carry everyday Spanish: tener ganas, dar igual, hacer falta, echar de menos, ponerse las pilas. Learn them as chunks, grouped by verb.",[888,916],{"type":889,"instructions":890,"items":891},"fill-blank","Complete each set phrase with the missing light verb in the correct form. Read the English meaning in brackets.",[892,895,898,901,904,907,909,912],{"prompt":893,"answer":894,"hint":63},"No ___ ganas de salir esta noche. (I do not feel like going out tonight.)","tengo",{"prompt":896,"answer":897,"hint":70},"Me da igual, ___ lo que quieras. (It is all the same to me, do what you want.)","haz",{"prompt":899,"answer":900,"hint":73},"Te ___ de menos cuando viajas. (I miss you when you travel.)","echo",{"prompt":902,"answer":903,"hint":703},"Por fin nos ___ de acuerdo. (At last we agreed.)","pusimos",{"prompt":905,"answer":906,"hint":63},"Creo que tú ___ razón. (I think you are right.)","tienes",{"prompt":908,"answer":73,"hint":73},"¿Me puedes ___ una mano? (Can you give me a hand?)",{"prompt":910,"answer":911,"hint":70},"No ___ falta comprar más pan. (There is no need to buy more bread.)","hace",{"prompt":913,"answer":914,"hint":915},"De repente me ___ cuenta del error. (Suddenly I realised the mistake.)","di","darse",{"type":917,"instructions":918,"items":919},"which-one","Choose the light verb that completes each fixed expression correctly.",[920,925,928,931,937,940],{"prompt":921,"answer":922,"options":923},"Tengo prisa, esto no ___ sentido. (This makes no sense.)","tiene",[922,911,924],"da",{"prompt":926,"answer":70,"options":927},"Hay que ___ cola en el banco. (You have to queue at the bank.)",[70,67,63],{"prompt":929,"answer":67,"options":930},"Vamos a ___ un paseo por el parque. (Let us take a walk in the park.)",[67,73,70],{"prompt":932,"answer":933,"options":934},"Tienes que ___ las pilas antes del examen. (You must get cracking before the exam.)","ponerte",[933,935,936],"darte","hacerte",{"prompt":938,"answer":73,"options":939},"¿Puedes ___ un vistazo a mi trabajo? (Can you take a look at my work?)",[73,67,77],{"prompt":941,"answer":70,"options":942},"Después de la pelea, quieren ___ las paces. (After the fight they want to make up.)",[70,67,77],"md",[945,948,951,954],{"q":946,"a":947},"Why can't I translate Spanish set phrases like echar de menos word by word?","Because the verb has been bleached of its literal meaning. Echar normally means to throw, but echar de menos means to miss someone, and there is no throwing involved. In a set phrase the verb is a light verb: it carries grammar - person, tense, mood - while the noun or the fixed structure carries the meaning. Tener razon is be right, not have reason in any physical sense; hacer caso is pay attention, not make a case. Translating the parts gives nonsense, so you learn the whole chunk as one item, exactly as English speakers learn take a walk or make up their mind without dissecting take or make.",{"q":949,"a":950},"What is a light verb, and why does Spanish use so many?","A light verb is a common verb that contributes little meaning of its own and instead supports a noun that supplies the sense - dar un paseo (take a walk) leans on paseo, not on dar. Spanish, like English, uses light verbs because they let a small set of familiar verbs combine with countless nouns to name everyday actions and states without inventing new verbs for each. Tener, dar, hacer, echar and poner are the busiest of these hosts. The pattern is so productive that learning the verbs plus their common partner nouns unlocks a large amount of natural speech at once.",{"q":952,"a":953},"Do these set phrases take an article, a preposition, or nothing after them?","It varies by phrase, and the pattern is part of what you memorise. Some take a bare noun: tener razon, hacer falta, dar igual. Some fix a preposition: tener ganas de, darse cuenta de, echar de menos, ponerse de acuerdo. Some are reflexive: darse cuenta, hacerse el tonto, ponerse las pilas. Because the structure is fixed, you should store the whole frame - tener ganas de plus infinitive, tener que ver con plus noun - rather than the verb alone. Getting the little preposition wrong is one of the commonest tells of a learner, so the chunk is worth banking complete.",{"q":955,"a":956},"Are tener, dar, hacer, echar and poner the only verbs that do this?","No, but they are the heaviest lifters, so they are the best place to start. Other verbs form set phrases too - llevar a cabo (carry out), sacar partido (make the most of), quedar en (agree to), meter la pata (put your foot in it) - and the same rule applies: learn the chunk whole. Concentrating first on the big five gives you the best return, because between them they cover feeling like something, being right, being needed, missing someone, agreeing, and dozens of other things you will want to say every single day.","higher","A huge slice of everyday Spanish rests on five ordinary verbs doing extraordinary work: tener, dar, hacer, echar and poner. On their own they mean have, give, do\u002Fmake, throw and put, but in fixed expressions they lose almost all of that literal meaning and act as light verbs - grammatical scaffolding for the noun that carries the real sense. Tener ganas is not about having anything you can hold; it means to feel like. Echar de menos has nothing to do with throwing; it means to miss someone. Hacer falta is not about making a lack; it means to be needed. The verb is bleached, and the phrase means what the whole chunk means, not the sum of its parts. This is why you cannot translate them word by word, and why the only sane strategy is to learn each one as a single unit, the way a Spanish child does. This page gathers the most useful of these set phrases, grouped by their light verb, with the literal reading beside the real meaning so you can see exactly where the logic bends. Master this handful and your Spanish will sound far less translated and far more like the real thing.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fset-phrases-verbs",{"title":46,"description":886},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fset-phrases-verbs","M9DlAhuIgEp4-NuiJlaHPQVsxtwcFwgWEH0z4RkV5e4",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":968},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":970},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":972},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M20 20a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-7.9a2 2 0 0 1-1.69-.9L9.6 3.9A2 2 0 0 0 7.93 3H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2Zm-8-10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m15 13l-3 3l-3-3\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":974},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 4.702a.705.705 0 0 0-1.203-.498L6.413 7.587A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 5.416 8H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h2.416a1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .997.413l3.383 3.384A.705.705 0 0 0 11 19.298zM16 9a5 5 0 0 1 0 6m3.364 3.364a9 9 0 0 0 0-12.728\"\u002F>"]