[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":671},["ShallowReactive",2],{"i-lucide:chevron-down":3,"i-lucide:graduation-cap":8,"i-lucide:list-ordered":10,"i-lucide:book-open":12,"i-lucide:type":14,"i-lucide:gamepad-2":16,"i-lucide:languages":18,"i-lucide:layers":20,"i-lucide:menu":22,"i-lucide:house":24,"i-lucide:chevron-right":26,"i-lucide:library-big":28,"i-lucide:book-open-text":30,"i-lucide:case-sensitive":32,"grammar-spanish-subjunctive-doubt":34,"grammar-verbs-spanish-subjunctive-doubt":654,"i-lucide:download":655,"i-lucide:pencil-line":657,"i-lucide:image":659,"i-lucide:file-text":661,"i-simple-icons:mastodon":663,"i-simple-icons:bluesky":665,"i-simple-icons:x":667,"i-simple-icons:linkedin":669},{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":7},0,24,false,"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m6 9l6 6l6-6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":9},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0zM22 10v6\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":11},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11 5h10m-10 7h10m-10 7h10M4 4h1v5M4 9h2m.5 11H3.4c0-1 2.6-1.925 2.6-3.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0-2.6-1.02\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":13},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 7v14m-9-3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5a4 4 0 0 1 4 4a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6a3 3 0 0 0-3 3a3 3 0 0 0-3-3z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":15},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 4v16M4 7V5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h14a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2M9 20h6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":17},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M6 11h4M8 9v4m7-1h.01M18 10h.01m-.69-5H6.68a4 4 0 0 0-3.978 3.59l-.017.152C2.604 9.416 2 14.456 2 16a3 3 0 0 0 3 3c1 0 1.5-.5 2-1l1.414-1.414A2 2 0 0 1 9.828 16h4.344a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586L17 18c.5.5 1 1 2 1a3 3 0 0 0 3-3c0-1.545-.604-6.584-.685-7.258q-.01-.075-.017-.151A4 4 0 0 0 17.32 5\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":19},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m5 8l6 6m-7 0l6-6l2-3M2 5h12M7 2h1m14 20l-5-10l-5 10m2-4h6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":21},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M2 12a1 1 0 0 0 .58.91l8.6 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.65 0l8.58-3.9A1 1 0 0 0 22 12\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M2 17a1 1 0 0 0 .58.91l8.6 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.65 0l8.58-3.9A1 1 0 0 0 22 17\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":23},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":25},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-6a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 6A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":27},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":29},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"8\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M7 3v18m13.4-2.1c.2.5-.1 1.1-.6 1.3l-1.9.7c-.5.2-1.1-.1-1.3-.6L11.1 5.1c-.2-.5.1-1.1.6-1.3l1.9-.7c.5-.2 1.1.1 1.3.6Z\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":31},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 7v14m4-9h2m-2-4h2M3 18a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5a4 4 0 0 1 4 4a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6a3 3 0 0 0-3 3a3 3 0 0 0-3-3zm3-6h2M6 8h2\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":33},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":35,"title":36,"author":37,"body":38,"cefrLevel":632,"date":37,"description":633,"extension":634,"faqs":635,"gcseTier":645,"intro":646,"language":647,"lastUpdated":37,"meta":648,"navigation":649,"path":650,"seo":651,"stem":652,"verbSlugs":37,"__hash__":653},"pages\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-doubt.md","The Subjunctive After Doubt and Denial: no creo que, dudo que, no es verdad que",null,{"type":39,"value":40,"toc":620},"minimark",[41,46,61,78,83,94,110,113,117,120,200,203,207,218,268,276,280,287,382,393,406,409,413,434,448,455,470,474,530,534,552,569,585,588,592],[42,43,45],"h1",{"id":44},"the-subjunctive-after-doubt-and-denial","The Subjunctive After Doubt and Denial",[47,48,49,50,55,56,60],"p",{},"You have met the subjunctive after ",[51,52,54],"a",{"href":53},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-wishes","wishes"," and after ",[51,57,59],{"href":58},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-emotion","emotion",". The third great trigger is doubt, and it comes with the sharpest contrast in the whole system. Where the earlier triggers were one-way streets, doubt sets up a genuine fork: the same verb takes the indicative when you are confident and the subjunctive when you are not.",[47,62,63,64,68,69,72,73,77],{},"This page assumes you can already build the forms. If ",[65,66,67],"strong",{},"venga, sea, sepa"," and ",[65,70,71],{},"haya"," look unfamiliar, start with ",[51,74,76],{"href":75},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-subjunctive-forms","how to form the present subjunctive"," and come back.",[79,80,82],"h2",{"id":81},"the-logic-do-you-vouch-for-it","The logic: do you vouch for it?",[47,84,85,86,89,90,93],{},"The subjunctive marks a clause you are holding at arm's length. When you ",[65,87,88],{},"assert"," that something is true, you put your weight behind it, and Spanish keeps the indicative. When you ",[65,91,92],{},"doubt, deny or disbelieve"," it, you withdraw that weight, and the clause flips to the subjunctive.",[95,96,97,104],"ul",{},[98,99,100,103],"li",{},[65,101,102],{},"Creo que viene."," (I think he's coming.) - you are asserting it, indicative.",[98,105,106,109],{},[65,107,108],{},"No creo que venga."," (I don't think he's coming.) - you are doubting it, subjunctive.",[47,111,112],{},"Same verb, same event, two moods, decided entirely by whether you are vouching for the fact or backing away from it.",[79,114,116],{"id":115},"the-trigger-verbs-of-doubt-and-denial","The trigger verbs of doubt and denial",[47,118,119],{},"These verbs and phrases withdraw confidence from the following clause, so they push it into the subjunctive.",[95,121,122,132,141,150,160,170,180,190],{},[98,123,124,127,128,131],{},[65,125,126],{},"dudar que"," - to doubt that: ",[65,129,130],{},"Dudo que sea verdad."," (I doubt it's true.)",[98,133,134,137,138,140],{},[65,135,136],{},"no creer que"," - not to think that: ",[65,139,108],{}," (I don't think he's coming.)",[98,142,143,137,146,149],{},[65,144,145],{},"no pensar que",[65,147,148],{},"No pienso que tenga razón."," (I don't think he's right.)",[98,151,152,155,156,159],{},[65,153,154],{},"no estar seguro de que"," - not to be sure that: ",[65,157,158],{},"No estoy seguro de que lo sepa."," (I'm not sure he knows.)",[98,161,162,165,166,169],{},[65,163,164],{},"negar que"," - to deny that: ",[65,167,168],{},"Niega que la conozca."," (He denies knowing her.)",[98,171,172,175,176,179],{},[65,173,174],{},"no es verdad que"," - it's not true that: ",[65,177,178],{},"No es verdad que venga."," (It's not true that he's coming.)",[98,181,182,185,186,189],{},[65,183,184],{},"es imposible que"," - it's impossible that: ",[65,187,188],{},"Es imposible que lo termine hoy."," (It's impossible he'll finish it today.)",[98,191,192,195,196,199],{},[65,193,194],{},"es improbable que"," - it's unlikely that: ",[65,197,198],{},"Es improbable que llueva."," (It's unlikely it'll rain.)",[47,201,202],{},"The common thread is uncertainty or rejection. You are either weighing the clause and finding it doubtful, or denying it outright. Either way you are not asserting it as fact, and the subjunctive marks that.",[79,204,206],{"id":205},"the-indicative-counterparts-confident-assertion","The indicative counterparts: confident assertion",[47,208,209,210,213,214,217],{},"The mirror image of the doubt list is the assertion list. When you say you ",[65,211,212],{},"think, believe or know"," something, or when you flag it as ",[65,215,216],{},"true, certain or obvious",", you are vouching for the clause, so it stays in the indicative.",[95,219,220,229,238,248,258],{},[98,221,222,225,226,228],{},[65,223,224],{},"creer que"," - to think that: ",[65,227,102],{}," (I think he's coming.)",[98,230,231,225,234,237],{},[65,232,233],{},"pensar que",[65,235,236],{},"Pienso que tiene razón."," (I think he's right.)",[98,239,240,243,244,247],{},[65,241,242],{},"estar seguro de que"," - to be sure that: ",[65,245,246],{},"Estoy seguro de que lo sabe."," (I'm sure he knows.)",[98,249,250,253,254,257],{},[65,251,252],{},"es verdad que"," - it's true that: ",[65,255,256],{},"Es verdad que trabaja mucho."," (It's true he works a lot.)",[98,259,260,263,264,267],{},[65,261,262],{},"es evidente que"," - it's obvious that: ",[65,265,266],{},"Es evidente que sabe."," (It's obvious he knows.)",[47,269,270,271,275],{},"These are confident statements. They report the clause as fact, so the indicative is correct. The certainty impersonals (es verdad que, es evidente que) are covered in more depth on the ",[51,272,274],{"href":273},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-impersonal","impersonal expressions"," page; here they matter because they obey exactly the same flip as creer and pensar.",[79,277,279],{"id":278},"the-negation-flip","The negation flip",[47,281,282,283,286],{},"This is the heart of the page. Confident verbs take the indicative when affirmative and the subjunctive when negated, because the ",[65,284,285],{},"no"," is what destroys the confidence.",[288,289,290,303],"table",{},[291,292,293],"thead",{},[294,295,296,300],"tr",{},[297,298,299],"th",{},"Affirmative (confident) -> INDICATIVE",[297,301,302],{},"Negated (doubtful) -> SUBJUNCTIVE",[304,305,306,323,339,355,368],"tbody",{},[294,307,308,316],{},[309,310,311,312,315],"td",{},"Creo que ",[65,313,314],{},"viene",". (I think he's coming.)",[309,317,318,319,322],{},"No creo que ",[65,320,321],{},"venga",". (I don't think he is.)",[294,324,325,332],{},[309,326,327,328,331],{},"Pienso que ",[65,329,330],{},"tiene"," razón. (I think he is.)",[309,333,334,335,338],{},"No pienso que ",[65,336,337],{},"tenga"," razón. (I don't think.)",[294,340,341,348],{},[309,342,343,344,347],{},"Es verdad que ",[65,345,346],{},"sabe",". (It's true he knows.)",[309,349,350,351,354],{},"No es verdad que ",[65,352,353],{},"sepa",". (It's not true.)",[294,356,357,363],{},[309,358,359,360,362],{},"Estoy seguro de que ",[65,361,314],{},".",[309,364,365,366,362],{},"No estoy seguro de que ",[65,367,321],{},[294,369,370,376],{},[309,371,372,373,362],{},"Es evidente que ",[65,374,375],{},"lo sabe",[309,377,378,379,362],{},"No es evidente que ",[65,380,381],{},"lo sepa",[47,383,384,385,388,389,392],{},"The flip runs the other way too. ",[65,386,387],{},"Negar"," denies, so it is already in doubt territory and takes the subjunctive; negate it back to ",[65,390,391],{},"no negar"," and you are now asserting the thing is true, so it returns to the indicative.",[95,394,395,400],{},[98,396,397,399],{},[65,398,168],{}," (He denies knowing her.) - denial, subjunctive.",[98,401,402,405],{},[65,403,404],{},"No niega que la conoce."," (He doesn't deny he knows her.) - effectively an assertion, indicative.",[47,407,408],{},"The rule under all of this: ask whether the speaker is vouching for the clause. A double negative that lands back on an assertion takes the indicative.",[79,410,412],{"id":411},"quizás-tal-vez-and-posiblemente","Quizás, tal vez and posiblemente",[47,414,415,416,419,420,423,424,68,427,430,431,362],{},"The \"maybe\" adverbs - ",[65,417,418],{},"quizás"," (also spelled ",[65,421,422],{},"quizá","), ",[65,425,426],{},"tal vez",[65,428,429],{},"posiblemente"," - are a special case, because the mood tracks ",[65,432,433],{},"how real the doubt is",[95,435,436,442],{},[98,437,438,441],{},[65,439,440],{},"Quizás venga."," (Maybe he'll come.) - genuine uncertainty, subjunctive.",[98,443,444,447],{},[65,445,446],{},"Quizás viene."," (Maybe he's coming.) - the speaker leans towards yes, indicative.",[47,449,450,451,68,453,362],{},"When the doubt is real and open, use the subjunctive. When you are fairly sure and \"maybe\" is just politeness or hedging, the indicative is allowed. Both are correct Spanish; they encode different degrees of confidence. The same choice applies to ",[65,452,426],{},[65,454,429],{},[47,456,457,458,461,462,465,466,469],{},"One adverb breaks ranks: ",[65,459,460],{},"a lo mejor",", another everyday word for \"maybe\", ",[65,463,464],{},"always takes the indicative"," despite meaning the same thing. ",[65,467,468],{},"A lo mejor viene"," is the only option. It is an idiom, so do not try to apply the doubt logic to it.",[79,471,473],{"id":472},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[95,475,476,482,488,494,500,506,512,518,524],{},[98,477,478,481],{},[65,479,480],{},"Creo que es verdad."," (I think it's true.) - assertion, indicative.",[98,483,484,487],{},[65,485,486],{},"No creo que sea verdad."," (I don't think it's true.) - doubt, subjunctive.",[98,489,490,493],{},[65,491,492],{},"Dudo que lleguen a tiempo."," (I doubt they'll arrive on time.) - doubt, subjunctive.",[98,495,496,499],{},[65,497,498],{},"Estoy seguro de que ganamos."," (I'm sure we'll win.) - confidence, indicative.",[98,501,502,505],{},[65,503,504],{},"No estoy seguro de que ganemos."," (I'm not sure we'll win.) - doubt, subjunctive.",[98,507,508,511],{},[65,509,510],{},"Es imposible que lo sepa."," (It's impossible he knows.) - denial of possibility, subjunctive.",[98,513,514,517],{},[65,515,516],{},"Niega que robara el dinero."," (He denies stealing the money.) - denial, subjunctive.",[98,519,520,523],{},[65,521,522],{},"Quizás tengas razón."," (Maybe you're right.) - open doubt, subjunctive.",[98,525,526,529],{},[65,527,528],{},"A lo mejor tienes razón."," (Maybe you're right.) - a lo mejor, indicative.",[79,531,533],{"id":532},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[47,535,536,539,540,543,544,547,548,551],{},[65,537,538],{},"Keeping the indicative after the negated verb."," The instinct is to say ",[65,541,542],{},"no creo que viene",", reusing the indicative from the affirmative ",[65,545,546],{},"creo que viene",". But negating creer turns assertion into doubt, so it has to be ",[65,549,550],{},"no creo que venga",". The negation is the switch; flip the verb with it.",[47,553,554,557,558,561,562,565,566,568],{},[65,555,556],{},"Forcing the subjunctive after affirmative creer and pensar."," The opposite error, made by learners who have overlearned \"doubt takes the subjunctive\". ",[65,559,560],{},"Creo que"," is confident, so ",[65,563,564],{},"creo que venga"," is wrong; it must be ",[65,567,546],{},". Only the negated versions take the subjunctive.",[47,570,571,574,575,68,578,581,582,584],{},[65,572,573],{},"Treating quizás as a fixed subjunctive trigger."," Both ",[65,576,577],{},"quizás venga",[65,579,580],{},"quizás viene"," are correct, and ",[65,583,460],{}," never takes the subjunctive at all. Do not mechanically swap every \"maybe\" to the subjunctive; the mood reflects how genuine the doubt is, and a lo mejor sits stubbornly outside the rule.",[47,586,587],{},"Get the negation flip, the affirmative-stays-indicative half, and the quizás wobble straight, and doubt joins wishes and emotion as a third fluent slice of the subjunctive. The machinery is the same; only the trigger - and the fork - has changed.",[79,589,591],{"id":590},"see-also","See also",[95,593,594,600,606,612],{},[98,595,596,599],{},[51,597,598],{"href":273},"The subjunctive after impersonal expressions"," - es posible que and es verdad que, where the certainty-versus-doubt split and the negation flip are mapped for impersonals.",[98,601,602,605],{},[51,603,604],{"href":58},"The subjunctive after emotion"," - me alegro de que and the rest of the emotional reactions.",[98,607,608,611],{},[51,609,610],{"href":75},"How to form the present subjunctive"," - the endings, the yo-stem rule and the six irregulars you need for any of these sentences.",[98,613,614,615,619],{},"The ",[51,616,618],{"href":617},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," has the doubt-versus-assertion list and the negation flip on one card.",{"title":621,"searchDepth":622,"depth":622,"links":623},"",2,[624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631],{"id":81,"depth":622,"text":82},{"id":115,"depth":622,"text":116},{"id":205,"depth":622,"text":206},{"id":278,"depth":622,"text":279},{"id":411,"depth":622,"text":412},{"id":472,"depth":622,"text":473},{"id":532,"depth":622,"text":533},{"id":590,"depth":622,"text":591},"B1-B2","Doubt, denial and disbelief trigger the subjunctive - no creo que venga, dudo que sea verdad, niego que lo sepa. But confident assertion takes the indicative - creo que viene, es verdad que sabe. The negation flip, quizás and tal vez, the contrast table, worked examples and the mistakes to drop.","md",[636,639,642],{"q":637,"a":638},"Why does 'no creo que' take the subjunctive but 'creo que' takes the indicative?","Because the subjunctive marks a clause you are not vouching for. Creo que viene (I think he's coming) is a confident assertion - you are putting your weight behind the fact, so it stays indicative. Negate it and you withdraw that confidence: no creo que venga (I don't think he's coming) expresses doubt, so the clause flips to the subjunctive. The same logic governs pienso que, me parece que and es verdad que: affirmative and confident takes the indicative, negated and doubtful takes the subjunctive.",{"q":640,"a":641},"Do quizás and tal vez always take the subjunctive?","No, and that is the subtle part. Quizás, tal vez and posiblemente mean 'maybe', so they usually take the subjunctive: quizás venga (maybe he'll come). But if the speaker feels the thing is fairly likely or close to settled, the indicative is allowed: quizás viene. The mood tracks how real the doubt is - subjunctive for genuine uncertainty, indicative when you are leaning towards yes. A lo mejor, another 'maybe', always takes the indicative.",{"q":643,"a":644},"Why is 'no creo que viene' wrong?","Because negating creer collapses your confidence into doubt, and doubt takes the subjunctive. No creo que viene keeps the indicative as if you were still asserting the fact, but you are not - you are doubting it, so it must be no creo que venga. The affirmative creo que viene is correct precisely because there you are asserting. The no is the switch.","higher","After wishing and feeling comes doubting. When you doubt, deny or disbelieve that something is the case, Spanish pushes the verb in the following clause into the subjunctive, because you are refusing to vouch for the fact. The flipside is the cleanest contrast in the whole subjunctive system: when you state something confidently - creo que, pienso que, es verdad que - you vouch for it, and the clause stays in the indicative. The same verb can sit either side of the line, and a single no is enough to tip it over. Creo que viene but no creo que venga. This page maps the doubt and denial triggers, the all-important negation flip, the quizás and tal vez wobble, and the mistakes English speakers make. It assumes you can already build the forms.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-doubt",{"title":36,"description":633},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-doubt","VLjX0Ump7wZAw9BxVrlCNTtXlbueTG7PaqlLuv_ytqc",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":656},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":658},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":660},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":662},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":664},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":666},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":668},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":670,"hidden":649},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1]