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r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"id":35,"title":36,"author":37,"body":38,"cefrLevel":434,"date":37,"description":435,"extension":436,"faqs":437,"gcseTier":447,"intro":448,"language":449,"lastUpdated":37,"meta":450,"navigation":451,"path":452,"seo":453,"stem":454,"verbSlugs":37,"__hash__":455},"pages\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-wishes.md","The Subjunctive After Wishes: querer que, esperar que, ojalá",null,{"type":39,"value":40,"toc":424},"minimark",[41,46,55,72,77,84,148,151,155,161,166,186,191,211,223,233,237,242,262,272,280,284,287,337,341,358,375,395,398,402],[42,43,45],"h1",{"id":44},"the-subjunctive-after-wishes","The Subjunctive After Wishes",[47,48,49,50,54],"p",{},"This is the gateway use of the subjunctive, and the one worth mastering first. The logic is clean: when you say you ",[51,52,53],"strong",{},"want, hope, wish or prefer"," that something happen, you are not stating a fact. You are projecting a desire onto a verb. Spanish marks that projection with the subjunctive.",[47,56,57,58,61,62,65,66,71],{},"This page assumes you can already build the forms. If ",[51,59,60],{},"vengas, sea, vaya"," and ",[51,63,64],{},"esté"," look unfamiliar, start with ",[67,68,70],"a",{"href":69},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fpresent-subjunctive-forms","how to form the present subjunctive"," and come back.",[73,74,76],"h2",{"id":75},"the-trigger-verbs","The trigger verbs",[47,78,79,80,83],{},"These are the verbs of influence and desire. When followed by ",[51,81,82],{},"que"," and a new subject, they push the next verb into the subjunctive.",[85,86,87,98,108,118,128,138],"ul",{},[88,89,90,93,94,97],"li",{},[51,91,92],{},"querer que"," - to want (someone) to: ",[51,95,96],{},"Quiero que vengas."," (I want you to come.)",[88,99,100,103,104,107],{},[51,101,102],{},"esperar que"," - to hope that: ",[51,105,106],{},"Espero que estés bien."," (I hope you're well.)",[88,109,110,113,114,117],{},[51,111,112],{},"desear que"," - to wish that: ",[51,115,116],{},"Deseo que tengas suerte."," (I wish you luck.)",[88,119,120,123,124,127],{},[51,121,122],{},"preferir que"," - to prefer that: ",[51,125,126],{},"Prefiero que lo hagas tú."," (I'd rather you did it.)",[88,129,130,133,134,137],{},[51,131,132],{},"necesitar que"," - to need (someone) to: ",[51,135,136],{},"Necesito que me ayudes."," (I need you to help me.)",[88,139,140,143,144,147],{},[51,141,142],{},"pedir que"," - to ask (someone) to: ",[51,145,146],{},"Te pido que vengas."," (I'm asking you to come.)",[47,149,150],{},"The common thread: one person wants to bend reality so that another person does something. That gap between wish and reality is what the mood encodes.",[73,152,154],{"id":153},"the-rule-that-catches-everyone-different-subjects","The rule that catches everyone: different subjects",[47,156,157,158],{},"Here is the part English speakers get wrong more than any other. The subjunctive after these verbs ",[51,159,160],{},"only appears when the two clauses have different subjects.",[47,162,163],{},[51,164,165],{},"Different subjects -> que + subjunctive:",[85,167,168,174,180],{},[88,169,170,173],{},[51,171,172],{},"Quiero que (tú) vengas."," (I want you to come.) - I want, you come. Two people.",[88,175,176,179],{},[51,177,178],{},"Espera que (nosotros) lleguemos pronto."," (She hopes we arrive soon.)",[88,181,182,185],{},[51,183,184],{},"Prefieren que (yo) conduzca."," (They prefer that I drive.)",[47,187,188],{},[51,189,190],{},"Same subject -> plain infinitive, no que, no subjunctive:",[85,192,193,199,205],{},[88,194,195,198],{},[51,196,197],{},"Quiero venir."," (I want to come.) - I want, I come. One person.",[88,200,201,204],{},[51,202,203],{},"Espero llegar pronto."," (I hope to arrive soon.)",[88,206,207,210],{},[51,208,209],{},"Prefiero conducir."," (I'd rather drive.)",[47,212,213,214,216,217,219,220,222],{},"Notice there is no ",[51,215,82],{}," in the same-subject versions. English uses \"to + verb\" for both ideas (\"I want to come\", \"I want you to come\"), which is precisely why learners over-produce ",[51,218,82],{},". Spanish refuses to put ",[51,221,82],{}," there when the subject has not changed.",[47,224,225,226,229,230,232],{},"The mental test before you speak: ",[51,227,228],{},"is the same person doing both halves?"," If yes, infinitive. If the second half belongs to someone else, ",[51,231,82],{}," plus subjunctive.",[73,234,236],{"id":235},"ojalá","Ojalá",[47,238,239,241],{},[51,240,236],{}," is a standalone expression of hope, and it is the purest subjunctive trigger in the language because it has no indicative option at all. It means something between \"I hope\" and \"if only\".",[85,243,244,250,256],{},[88,245,246,249],{},[51,247,248],{},"Ojalá venga."," (I hope he comes.)",[88,251,252,255],{},[51,253,254],{},"Ojalá tengas razón."," (I hope you're right.)",[88,257,258,261],{},[51,259,260],{},"Ojalá no llueva mañana."," (I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow.)",[47,263,264,265,267,268,271],{},"The ",[51,266,82],{}," is optional after it - ",[51,269,270],{},"ojalá que venga"," is equally good. With the present subjunctive, ojalá looks forwards to a present or future hope. (Switch the verb to the imperfect subjunctive and it becomes a wish about something contrary to fact, but that is a later chapter.)",[47,273,274,275,279],{},"A small piece of history that helps it stick: ojalá descends from the Arabic ",[276,277,278],"em",{},"law sha llah",", \"if God wills\". Eight centuries of al-Andalus left it in everyday Spanish, and it still carries that flavour of hoping for something out of your hands.",[73,281,283],{"id":282},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[47,285,286],{},"Watching the subject decide the structure is the fastest way to feel the rule.",[85,288,289,295,301,307,313,319,325,331],{},[88,290,291,294],{},[51,292,293],{},"Quiero estudiar más."," (I want to study more.) - same subject, infinitive.",[88,296,297,300],{},[51,298,299],{},"Quiero que estudies más."," (I want you to study more.) - different subjects, subjunctive.",[88,302,303,306],{},[51,304,305],{},"Espera ganar."," (He hopes to win.) - same subject, infinitive.",[88,308,309,312],{},[51,310,311],{},"Espera que ganemos."," (He hopes we win.) - different subjects, subjunctive.",[88,314,315,318],{},[51,316,317],{},"Prefiero quedarme en casa."," (I'd rather stay home.) - same subject, infinitive.",[88,320,321,324],{},[51,322,323],{},"Prefiero que te quedes en casa."," (I'd rather you stayed home.) - different subjects, subjunctive.",[88,326,327,330],{},[51,328,329],{},"Ojalá sea verdad."," (I hope it's true.) - ojalá always takes the subjunctive.",[88,332,333,336],{},[51,334,335],{},"Necesito que me digas la verdad."," (I need you to tell me the truth.) - different subjects, subjunctive.",[73,338,340],{"id":339},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[47,342,343,346,347,350,351,354,355,357],{},[51,344,345],{},"Using the indicative after the trigger."," The instinct is to say ",[51,348,349],{},"quiero que vienes",", copying the indicative you already know. It has to be ",[51,352,353],{},"quiero que vengas",". Once ",[51,356,92],{}," with a new subject is on the table, the following verb is subjunctive. No exceptions in this construction.",[47,359,360,363,364,367,368,371,372,374],{},[51,361,362],{},"Putting que + infinitive where Spanish wants either que + subjunctive or a bare infinitive."," Learners produce ",[51,365,366],{},"quiero que venir",", a hybrid of the two correct patterns. Spanish has no \"que + infinitive\" here. Pick one: same subject gives ",[51,369,370],{},"quiero venir","; different subjects gives ",[51,373,353],{},".",[47,376,377,380,381,384,385,388,389,392,393,374],{},[51,378,379],{},"Forcing que when the subject has not changed."," \"I want to leave\" is ",[51,382,383],{},"quiero salir",", never ",[51,386,387],{},"quiero que salgo"," or ",[51,390,391],{},"quiero que salir",". English hides the rule because \"to leave\" looks the same whoever is leaving. Spanish does not, so always ask who is doing the second verb before you commit to ",[51,394,82],{},[47,396,397],{},"Master those three and you have the most useful slice of the subjunctive working correctly. The other triggers - emotion, doubt, denial - layer onto the same machinery.",[73,399,401],{"id":400},"see-also","See also",[85,403,404,410,417],{},[88,405,406,409],{},[67,407,408],{"href":69},"How to form the present subjunctive"," - the endings, the yo-stem rule and the six irregulars you need to make any of these sentences.",[88,411,264,412,416],{},[67,413,415],{"href":414},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar","Spanish grammar cheatsheet"," has the trigger list and the different-subjects test on one card.",[88,418,264,419,423],{},[67,420,422],{"href":421},"\u002Fspanish\u002Fverbs","Spanish verbs page"," shows querer, esperar and preferir conjugated in full.",{"title":425,"searchDepth":426,"depth":426,"links":427},"",2,[428,429,430,431,432,433],{"id":75,"depth":426,"text":76},{"id":153,"depth":426,"text":154},{"id":235,"depth":426,"text":236},{"id":282,"depth":426,"text":283},{"id":339,"depth":426,"text":340},{"id":400,"depth":426,"text":401},"B1-B2","Verbs of wanting, hoping and wishing trigger the subjunctive - but only when the two clauses have different subjects. Quiero que vengas, but quiero venir. The trigger list, the different-subjects rule, ojalá, worked examples and the two classic English-speaker mistakes.","md",[438,441,444],{"q":439,"a":440},"When does querer trigger the subjunctive?","Querer triggers the subjunctive when you want someone else to do something, because the two clauses then have different subjects: quiero que vengas (I want you to come). When you want to do the thing yourself - same subject for both - you do not use que or the subjunctive at all; you just use the infinitive: quiero venir (I want to come). Different subjects means que plus subjunctive; same subject means a plain infinitive.",{"q":442,"a":443},"What does ojalá mean and which mood follows it?","Ojalá means roughly 'I hope' or 'if only' and it always takes the subjunctive - there is no indicative option after it. Ojalá venga means 'I hope he comes'. The que is optional: ojalá que venga is equally correct. With the present subjunctive it expresses a hope about the present or future. The word comes from Arabic (law sha llah, 'if God wills'), which is a nice fossil of Spain's history.",{"q":445,"a":446},"Why is 'quiero que voy' wrong?","Two reasons in one. First, after querer que you must use the subjunctive, so voy (indicative) should be vaya. Second, and more fundamentally, if the subject is the same person on both sides you should not use que at all - you want quiero ir (I want to go). Quiero que voy fails on both counts: wrong mood and an unnecessary que.","higher","If you only ever learn one use of the subjunctive, learn this one. Verbs of wanting, hoping, preferring and wishing push the verb in the following clause into the subjunctive, because a wish is not a fact - it is something you want to be true, which is exactly the territory the mood was built for. But there is a catch that English speakers trip over constantly: the trigger only fires when the wisher and the wished-about are different people. Quiero que vengas needs the subjunctive; quiero venir does not. This page covers the triggers, that pivotal different-subjects rule, ojalá, and the mistakes to drop. It assumes you can already build the forms.","spanish",{},true,"\u002Fspanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-wishes",{"title":36,"description":435},"spanish\u002Fgrammar\u002Fsubjunctive-wishes","52RYWoUgMSn_bEPyO4DMRU0Z9hbrBaNzaDwalomM_00",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":458},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":460},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":462},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":464},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":466},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M23.268 5.313c-.35-2.578-2.617-4.61-5.304-5.004C17.51.242 15.792 0 11.813 0h-.03c-3.98 0-4.835.242-5.288.309C3.882.692 1.496 2.518.917 5.127C.64 6.412.61 7.837.661 9.143c.074 1.874.088 3.745.26 5.611c.118 1.24.325 2.47.62 3.68c.55 2.237 2.777 4.098 4.96 4.857c2.336.792 4.849.923 7.256.38q.398-.092.786-.213c.585-.184 1.27-.39 1.774-.753a.06.06 0 0 0 .023-.043v-1.809a.05.05 0 0 0-.02-.041a.05.05 0 0 0-.046-.01a20.3 20.3 0 0 1-4.709.545c-2.73 0-3.463-1.284-3.674-1.818a5.6 5.6 0 0 1-.319-1.433a.053.053 0 0 1 .066-.054c1.517.363 3.072.546 4.632.546c.376 0 .75 0 1.125-.01c1.57-.044 3.224-.124 4.768-.422q.059-.011.11-.024c2.435-.464 4.753-1.92 4.989-5.604c.008-.145.03-1.52.03-1.67c.002-.512.167-3.63-.024-5.545m-3.748 9.195h-2.561V8.29c0-1.309-.55-1.976-1.67-1.976c-1.23 0-1.846.79-1.846 2.35v3.403h-2.546V8.663c0-1.56-.617-2.35-1.848-2.35c-1.112 0-1.668.668-1.67 1.977v6.218H4.822V8.102q0-1.965 1.011-3.12c.696-.77 1.608-1.164 2.74-1.164c1.311 0 2.302.5 2.962 1.498l.638 1.06l.638-1.06c.66-.999 1.65-1.498 2.96-1.498c1.13 0 2.043.395 2.74 1.164q1.012 1.155 1.012 3.12z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":468},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M5.202 2.857C7.954 4.922 10.913 9.11 12 11.358c1.087-2.247 4.046-6.436 6.798-8.501C20.783 1.366 24 .213 24 3.883c0 .732-.42 6.156-.667 7.037c-.856 3.061-3.978 3.842-6.755 3.37c4.854.826 6.089 3.562 3.422 6.299c-5.065 5.196-7.28-1.304-7.847-2.97c-.104-.305-.152-.448-.153-.327c0-.121-.05.022-.153.327c-.568 1.666-2.782 8.166-7.847 2.97c-2.667-2.737-1.432-5.473 3.422-6.3c-2.777.473-5.899-.308-6.755-3.369C.42 10.04 0 4.615 0 3.883c0-3.67 3.217-2.517 5.202-1.026\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":470},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M14.234 10.162L22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299l-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532l.929 1.329l7.754 11.09h-3.182z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":472,"hidden":451},"\u003Cpath fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M20.447 20.452h-3.554v-5.569c0-1.328-.027-3.037-1.852-3.037c-1.853 0-2.136 1.445-2.136 2.939v5.667H9.351V9h3.414v1.561h.046c.477-.9 1.637-1.85 3.37-1.85c3.601 0 4.267 2.37 4.267 5.455v6.286zM5.337 7.433a2.06 2.06 0 0 1-2.063-2.065a2.064 2.064 0 1 1 2.063 2.065m1.782 13.019H3.555V9h3.564zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",1]