CEFR A2-B1

Spanish Preterite

The preterite is the past tense for events with a fixed beginning and end. Ayer fui al cine (yesterday I went to the cinema) - one event, one time, completed.

Regular endings

The -ar verbs use one set; -er and -ir verbs share another.

-ar verbs (hablar):

PersonEndinghablar
yohablé
-astehablaste
él / ella / ustedhabló
nosotros-amoshablamos
vosotros-asteishablasteis
ellos / ellas / ustedes-aronhablaron

-er / -ir verbs (comer, vivir):

PersonEndingcomervivir
yocomíviví
-istecomisteviviste
él / ella / usted-iócomióvivió
nosotros-imoscomimosvivimos
vosotros-isteiscomisteisvivisteis
ellos / ellas / ustedes-ieroncomieronvivieron

The yo and 3rd-person-singular forms carry mandatory written accents (hablé, habló, comí, comió, viví, vivió). Dropping the accent changes the meaning or breaks the form.

Note: the nosotros forms (hablamos, vivimos) are identical to the present tense for -ar and -ir verbs. Context disambiguates: hablamos español todos los días (present), ayer hablamos con María (preterite).

The big irregular group

About a dozen high-frequency verbs share an irregular stem in the preterite, plus a single shared set of endings: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron (or -eron after a -j stem). Note that the yo and 3rd-singular forms carry no written accent - this is the marker of the irregular group.

VerbStemYo form
tenertuv-tuve
poderpud-pude
hacerhic-hice
venirvin-vine
estarestuv-estuve
ponerpus-puse
quererquis-quise
sabersup-supe
haberhub-hube
andaranduv-anduve
decirdij-dije
traertraj-traje

Full conjugation of tener as the model:

Persontener
yotuve
tuviste
él / ella / ustedtuvo
nosotrostuvimos
vosotrostuvisteis
ellos / ellas / ustedestuvieron

Decir and traer end in -j and take -eron instead of -ieron in the 3rd plural: dijeron, trajeron (not "dijieron", "trajieron").

Hacer has one spelling shift: in the 3rd singular, hizo (not "hico") to preserve the soft c sound.

ir and ser: identical forms

Ir (to go) and ser (to be) share the same preterite conjugation. Context disambiguates.

Personir / ser
yofui
fuiste
él / ella / ustedfue
nosotrosfuimos
vosotrosfuisteis
ellos / ellas / ustedesfueron
  • Fui al cine. (I went to the cinema.) - ir
  • Fue mi profesor. (He was my teacher.) - ser

dar

Dar takes -er/-ir endings in the preterite despite being -ar. No accents.

Persondar
yodi
diste
él / ella / usteddio
nosotrosdimos
vosotrosdisteis
ellos / ellas / ustedesdieron

When to use it

The preterite is triggered by closed time markers and specific completed events.

  • ayer (yesterday) - ayer comí paella
  • anoche (last night) - anoche llegué tarde
  • la semana pasada / el año pasado (last week / year) - el año pasado fui a Madrid
  • en 2020 / en mayo - en 2020 estudié en Madrid
  • hace + time (ago) - hace dos años trabajé en París
  • un día / una vez (one day / once)
  • first / next / then / finally - primero, luego, después, finalmente

If the time frame is closed and the event is done, reach for the preterite. If the action was habitual or ongoing, the imperfect is the right call - see the preterite vs imperfect page.

Worked examples

  • Ayer fui al cine con mis amigos. (Yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends.)
  • El año pasado viví en París. (Last year I lived in Paris.)
  • Hablamos por dos horas anoche. (We talked for two hours last night.)
  • Tuve que trabajar el sábado. (I had to work on Saturday.)
  • María hizo la cena. (Maria made dinner.)
  • No pude llamarte ayer. (I couldn't call you yesterday.)
  • Dijeron la verdad. (They told the truth.)

Common mistakes English speakers make

Forgetting the written accents on the yo and 3rd-singular forms of regular verbs: it's hablé, not "hable" (which is subjunctive). Trying to regularise the irregular stems: tení instead of tuve, hací instead of hice. Forgetting that decir and traer take -eron not -ieron: dijieron is wrong, it's dijeron. And mixing up preterite and imperfect for habitual past actions - that's the next page.

See also

Frequently asked questions

What are the preterite endings in Spanish?
Regular -ar verbs take -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron (hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron). Regular -er and -ir verbs share the same set: -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron (comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comisteis, comieron). The yo and él/ella/usted forms carry written accents on the final vowel for regular verbs (hablé, habló, comí, comió) - these are mandatory and distinguish the preterite from the present tense in some cases.
When do you use the preterite vs the imperfect?
Preterite = completed actions in a closed past, with a beginning and end. Imperfect = ongoing, habitual or background actions in the past, with no specified end. 'I ate paella yesterday' (one event, bounded) is comí paella ayer - preterite. 'I used to eat paella every Sunday' (habitual, no end) is comía paella todos los domingos - imperfect. The dedicated preterite-vs-imperfect page covers the decision rules in full.