Kilo Lingo

Spanish · For teachers

Every Spanish printable, chapter by chapter

The whole Spanish curriculum in one place, mapped to its 54 chapters and 1174 lessons. Each lesson lists its downloads inline - worksheets with answer keys, infographics and PDFs - and each chapter's words fold out into their own per-word printable sets, so you can open and print any sheet for a class without hunting through the site.

Chapter 1 · Introduction to Spanish

Chapter page →
  1. Read this first. The orientation: how Spanish works, what it costs in hours, what the apps get wrong, and how to use this curriculum.

  2. 10 words · A pronoun, a few verbs, the things they act on. Enough to build a real Spanish sentence by the end.

  3. 11 words · Subject pronouns for everyone else, plus the rest of the vocabulary you need for your first story.

  4. Your first story in SpanishGraded-reader story

    Every word in this story comes from the lessons you've just finished. No lookups required.

  5. 6 words · The definite and indefinite articles in one place: el / la / los / las / un / una. The next lesson covers when to use which.

  6. Definite vs indefinite, masculine vs feminine, singular vs plural - the agreement rules and the cases where Spanish uses an article and English doesn't (and vice versa).

  7. Five pure vowels, two r's, and the soft d. Watch the mouth make each one, then make it yourself.

  8. A dozen fixed everyday phrases - hola, gracias, me llamo - so you can greet a real Spanish speaker before you have learned any grammar.

  9. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  10. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    26 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 2 · es or está?

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. es or está?Mistake clinic

    The first thing English speakers get wrong in Spanish, and the one that never stops mattering.

  4. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  9. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-100 ceiling.

  10. Five ending swaps turn thousands of English words into Spanish ones. The highest-return five minutes in the course.

  11. 10 words · All ten subject pronouns in one place - yo to ustedes. Frequency scatters them; this house keeps the whole set together.

  12. Matching this and that to gender and number - the agreement drill, hands-on, before the forms fossilise wrong.

  13. Spanish has a referee: the RAE has guarded the language since 1713 and publishes its official dictionary. Look up a word you already know.

  14. Spain's cultural embassy for the language: classes, libraries and exams in dozens of countries. See what it does - and whether there is a centre near you.

  15. Learn 10 new words faster than a rival. Spar the training partner to earn your grams, then challenge a real person - winner takes a tooth.

  16. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  17. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    82 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 3 · -ar verbs

Chapter page →
  1. -ar verbsVocabulary

    10 words · Memorise these 10 verb infinitives. The next lesson covers how to conjugate them.

  2. Present-tense conjugation for the verbs you just learned, with a worksheet to drill the endings.

  3. -er verbsVocabulary

    10 words · Memorise these 10 verb infinitives. The next lesson covers how to conjugate them.

  4. Present-tense conjugation for the verbs you just learned, with a worksheet to drill the endings.

  5. -ir verbsVocabulary

    10 words · Memorise these 10 verb infinitives. The next lesson covers how to conjugate them.

  6. Present-tense conjugation for the verbs you just learned, with a worksheet to drill the endings.

  7. reflexive verbsVocabulary

    5 words · Memorise these 5 verb infinitives. The next lesson covers how to conjugate them.

  8. A day in the present tenseGraded-reader story

    Every verb you just conjugated, in a short story about an ordinary day. The payoff for chapter 3.

  9. bueno or bien?Mistake clinic

    One describes a thing. The other describes how something goes.

  10. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  11. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    17 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 4 · Demonstratives: este, ese, aquel

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. This, that, and that-over-there. Gender + number agreement with the noun being pointed at.

  4. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  5. por or para?Mistake clinic

    Both become for in English, which is why English speakers guess. The full lesson comes in chapter 13; this is the shape of it.

  6. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  7. Six phrases that cost nothing to learn and buy more goodwill than any amount of grammar.

  8. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  9. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-200 ceiling.

  10. The interrogatives as a set - the accents that make them questions, and the drill that fixes which one asks what.

  11. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  12. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    86 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 5 · Adjective agreement

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Adjectives agree with the noun for gender and number. The endings, the position, the agreement patterns.

  4. hay or está?Mistake clinic

    Both come out as there is or is, and Spanish will not let you swap them.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Two verbs that both translate as 'to be'. The permanence vs state heuristic, plus the seven cases where the rule bends.

  8. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-300 ceiling.

  11. El tiempo que pasaThemed review

    Days, hours and the words for when. tiempo is doing double duty from the start - it is the time and the weather both.

  12. Post a hello to the Spanish community, in Spanish.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  14. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    95 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 6 · Direct and indirect object pronouns

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  5. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  6. me, te, lo, la, le - the words that replace 'him', 'her', 'it' and 'to him/her'. Position before the verb.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-400 ceiling.

  11. La familiaThemed review

    Everyone you have met so far in one place. Note the pairs: hijo and hija, hermano and hermana - Spanish family words come two at a time.

  12. Join a Spanish community and introduce yourself in a general channel - these are a great way to practise SPEAKING without leaving the house.

  13. saber or conocer?Mistake clinic

    Both mean to know, and Spanish will not let you pick either.

  14. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  15. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    99 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 7 · Reflexive verbs

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Verbs where the subject acts on itself: levantarse, llamarse, ducharse. The pronoun shift and what it means.

  4. muy or mucho?Mistake clinic

    One intensifies a quality. The other counts a quantity.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. The phrases that keep a conversation alive when you have lost it. Learn these before you need them.

  8. qué, quién, cuándo, por qué, cómo, cuál, cuánto, dónde - and the word order rule that comes with each.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-500 ceiling.

  11. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  12. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    99 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 8 · pedir or preguntar?

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  5. pedir or preguntar?Mistake clinic

    English says ask for both of these. Spanish never does.

  6. haber + past participle. The Spanish equivalent of 'I have done X'. Formation, when to use it, the irregular participles.

  7. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  8. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-600 ceiling.

  11. Hand, head and heart, and enough to tell a doctor what hurts. Careful with cara: the face, but also expensive.

  12. Tell us how your Spanish is going - what you like and what you'd change - written only in Spanish.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  14. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    99 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 9 · The preterite tense

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Past for specified-time events: ayer, anoche, el lunes pasado. Regular and irregular conjugations.

  4. ver or mirar?Mistake clinic

    Seeing happens to you. Looking is something you do.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Past for habitual or ongoing action: 'used to', 'was -ing'. Only three irregulars in the whole tense.

  7. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  8. At the tablePhrase session

    Enough to get fed, get watered and get the bill without pointing.

  9. The single hardest grammar topic in Spanish for English speakers. Side-by-side examples, decision rules, and the cases that break the rules.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-700 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    97 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 10 · oír or escuchar?

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  5. oír or escuchar?Mistake clinic

    The same distinction as ver and mirar, moved to the ears.

  6. Two ways: ir a + infinitive (going to) and the inflectional future tense (will). When to use each.

  7. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  8. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  9. Asking the wayPhrase session

    Asking is the easy half. These are built so you can also understand the answer.

  10. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-800 ceiling.

  11. Leave a comment in Spanish on a video from a Spanish creator.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    99 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 11 · llevar or traer?

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  5. llevar or traer?Mistake clinic

    Which one you use depends on where you are standing.

  6. Would: hablaría, comería, viviría. Regular formation, the same irregular stems as the future, and how to use it for politeness.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-900 ceiling.

  11. De viajeThemed review

    Getting there and back. Chapter 10 supplies izquierdo, which is the earliest the course can point you anywhere.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 12 · Commands: the imperative

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Affirmative tú: habla, come, escribe. Eight irregulars: sé, ve, ten, ven, haz, di, pon, sal.

  4. One agrees with a yes. The other agrees with a no.

  5. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  6. How Spanish says 'there is', 'it's cold', 'one can'. The constructions that have no subject.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  9. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1000 ceiling.

  10. The office and the classroom. papel is paper, and also the part you play.

  11. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  12. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    99 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 13 · The personal a

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. The little 'a' Spanish puts before a specific person (or pet) that is the direct object - and the cases where it disappears.

  5. tan or tanto?Mistake clinic

    One goes with a description, the other with an amount.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Cause and route vs goal and destination. The use-buckets for each, and the minimal pairs where swapping one for the other changes the meaning.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. Play it, read along word by word, then answer the questions. Every word is at your level - the song page teaches the few that are new.

  12. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1100 ceiling.

  13. Los sentimientosThemed review

    Love, fear and everything between. querer is both to want and to love, which tells you something about Spanish.

  14. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  15. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 14 · Adverbs in -mente

Chapter page →
  1. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. Building adverbs of manner from the feminine adjective (rapida -> rapidamente), the accent rule, and when Spanish reaches for con + noun instead.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. The long possessives - el mio, la tuya, lo nuestro - and how 'mine' and 'yours' differ from the short mi / tu / su.

  8. fue or era?Mistake clinic

    You met both five chapters ago. This is the one that keeps going wrong.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. Play it, read along word by word, then answer the questions. Every word is at your level - the song page teaches the few that are new.

  12. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1200 ceiling.

  13. En casaThemed review

    Room by room. Spanish has several words for room - habitacion, cuarto, sala, pieza - and they are not interchangeable.

  14. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  15. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    97 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 15 · Demonstrative pronouns

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  4. este, ese, aquel standing in for the noun - this one, that one, that one over there - plus the neuter esto / eso / aquello for unnamed things.

  5. este or esto?Mistake clinic

    One points at a thing. The other points at a situation.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The most and the least: el mas ... de, the irregulars mejor / peor / mayor / menor, and the absolute -isimo.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1300 ceiling.

  12. A la mesaThemed review

    Eating and drinking. saber means to know and to taste, and sal is salt as well as an order to get out.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  14. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 16 · Indefinites: alguno, ninguno, cualquiera

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The words for some, any, none and whichever - agreement, the apocopated forms, and the double-negative pattern they trigger.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Two verbs for 'to know': saber for facts and how-to, conocer for being acquainted with people and places (and 'to meet' in the preterite).

  8. algún or alguno?Mistake clinic

    The word loses its ending in front of a noun, and only there.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. Play it, read along word by word, then answer the questions. Every word is at your level - the song page teaches the few that are new.

  12. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1400 ceiling.

  13. La naturalezaThemed review

    Sun, sea and weather. perro arrived in chapter 1 and has been waiting fifteen chapters for the rest of the animals.

  14. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  15. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    98 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 17 · Verbs like gustar

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. gustar, encantar, faltar, doler - where the thing you like is the subject and you are the indirect object. Why it is 'me gusta', not 'yo gusto'.

  5. The verb agrees with the thing you like, not with you.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Stacking two object pronouns: indirect before direct, the le -> se switch (se lo di), and where they sit around the verb.

  9. In a shopPhrase session

    Buying something, and getting out without buying something.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1500 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    99 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 18 · The present progressive

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. estar + gerundio for what is happening right now - how to build the gerund, and why Spanish does not use it for the future the way English does.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. hace dos anos que..., desde hace, desde, and hace + time for 'ago'. The patterns for duration and time-since, with the present-tense trap.

  8. hace or desde hace?Mistake clinic

    One counts back to a finished point. The other measures a stretch that is still running.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. Play it, read along word by word, then answer the questions. Every word is at your level - the song page teaches the few that are new.

  12. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1600 ceiling.

  13. Buying, selling and what it costs. rico is rich and also delicious, which is a good word to have at a market.

  14. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  15. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 19 · The present subjunctive: forms

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. How to build it - the yo-form stem, the opposite-vowel endings, and the six irregulars (sea, vaya, haya, sepa, de, este). A sister lesson covers when to use it.

  5. sale or salga?Mistake clinic

    What is true, against what you want to be true.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. querer que, esperar que, ojala - the subjunctive of wanting and hoping, and the different-subjects rule that triggers it (quiero que vengas, not quiero venir).

  9. Making plansPhrase session

    Arranging to meet, and getting out of it politely.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1700 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 20 · The subjunctive after emotion

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. me alegro de que, me molesta que, es una pena que - reactions and feelings trigger the subjunctive, even when the fact is true.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. es importante que, es necesario que, es posible que - and the certainty exceptions (es verdad que, es evidente que) that keep the indicative.

  8. es or sea?Mistake clinic

    Does the sentence claim it is true, or react to it?

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1800 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

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Chapter 21 · The subjunctive after doubt and denial

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  4. no creo que, dudo que, es imposible que, quizas - doubt and disbelief take the subjunctive, while creer que and es verdad que (confident) keep the indicative.

  5. A negative order is not simply the order with no put in front of it.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. no hables, no comas, no venga - every negative command uses the present-subjunctive form, and the pronouns move in front of the verb.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. Play it, read along word by word, then answer the questions. Every word is at your level - the song page teaches the few that are new.

  12. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-1900 ceiling.

  13. La ropaThemed review

    Getting dressed. llevar is to wear as much as to carry, and it turns up everywhere.

  14. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 22 · Formal commands: usted and ustedes

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  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The formal imperative is just the present subjunctive: pase, pasen, no pase. Affirmative and negative both, the carried-over irregulars, and where the pronouns attach.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. hablemos, comamos, vamos a comer - the 'let's' command, the vamos (not vayamos) exception for ir, and the everyday vamos a + infinitive alternative.

  8. habla or hable?Mistake clinic

    The polite command looks like the form for he or she, and the familiar one looks like a statement.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2000 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

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Chapter 23 · Reported speech: tense backshift

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  1. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. Turning dice que into dijo que: when the reporting verb is past, the present slides to the imperfect, the preterite to the pluperfect, the future to the conditional - plus the pronoun and time shifts, and the obligatory que.

  5. Put the reporting verb in the past and the reported verb steps back with it.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. me preguntó si..., me preguntó dónde..., and me dijo que viniera - reporting yes/no questions with si, open questions without the inversion, and commands as que plus the imperfect subjunctive.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2100 ceiling.

  12. En la ciudadThemed review

    Finding your way around. pueblo is a town and also its people - the same word for the place and everyone in it.

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Chapter 24 · The passive with ser

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  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. ser + past participle (+ por + agent): la novela fue escrita por Cervantes. The participle agrees with the subject, the tense lives on ser, and how it differs from estar + participle (action vs resulting state).

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. se venden casas (the verb agrees with the patient) vs se dice que... and aquí se come bien (always third-person singular) - the two se-constructions Spanish reaches for instead of the ser-passive.

  8. The commonest error on Spanish shop signs, and native speakers make it too.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2200 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 25 · The imperfect subjunctive: forms

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. Take the ellos-preterite, drop -ron, add the endings - both the -ra and the -se sets (hablara/hablase), the nosotros accent, and every preterite irregular carried straight over (tuviera, fuera, dijera). A sister lesson covers si-clauses.

  5. Real conditions and imagined ones take different tenses, and neither takes a future.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The three conditionals - si + present for the likely, si + imperfect subjunctive + conditional for the hypothetical, si + pluperfect subjunctive + conditional perfect for the counterfactual - and the golden rule: never a conditional or present subjunctive straight after si.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2300 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

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Chapter 26 · The pluperfect subjunctive and conditional perfect

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  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. hubiera/hubiese hablado and habria hablado - the past-counterfactual pair behind the third conditional (si hubiera sabido, habria venido), plus ojala hubiera, como si hubiera, and past-in-past triggers.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Past bare que: el que and el cual after prepositions and in formal prose, the neuter lo que/lo cual for a whole idea, quien after prepositions, and cuyo for possessive 'whose' (agreeing with the thing owned). The defining vs non-defining comma test.

  8. el que or lo que?Mistake clinic

    Can you point at a noun? Then it is not lo que.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2400 ceiling.

  12. Hablar y escucharThemed review

    Asking, answering and being understood. Spanish has two words for understanding - entender and comprender - and they are not quite the same.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 27 · The future and conditional of probability

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  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. Serian las tres, estara en casa - Spanish guesses about the present with the future tense and about the past with the conditional (plus habra llegado / habria salido for finished actions, and deber de + infinitive). Supposition, not time.

  5. se puso or se hizo?Mistake clinic

    A change that comes over you, against a change you brought about.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Spanish has no single 'to become' - ponerse for a sudden mood, volverse for a radical character change, hacerse for gradual/effortful change and professions, convertirse en for a transformation, llegar a ser for an achievement over time.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2500 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 28 · The subjunctive in adverbial clauses

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  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. cuando llegues, para que sepas, aunque llueva - time, purpose, concession and proviso conjunctions that take the subjunctive, and the pending-vs-real rule that decides cuando/aunque between subjunctive and indicative.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. pensar en, sonar con, depender de, casarse con, asistir a - the verbs that demand a fixed preposition Spanish rarely shares with English, grouped by de/en/con/a/por, plus the buscar/pedir/esperar verbs that take none.

  8. Spanish will not put a future tense after cuando, so the subjunctive does the job.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2600 ceiling.

  12. Los animalesThemed review

    perro has been with you since chapter 1. Everything else took twenty-seven chapters to arrive.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 29 · The perfect subjunctive: haya hablado

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  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. The present subjunctive of haber plus a participle - haya hablado - for a finished action under a present trigger: espero que hayas llegado, no creo que lo haya hecho, and cuando hayas terminado for the future perfect.

  5. haya or había?Mistake clinic

    Even a finished event takes the subjunctive if the main clause doubts it.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. busco a alguien que sepa, no hay nadie que pueda - when the noun a relative clause describes is unknown, wanted or non-existent, the verb goes subjunctive; when it is specific and real, it stays indicative.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2700 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

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Chapter 30 · The pluperfect: había hablado

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The imperfect of haber plus a participle for the past-before-the-past: cuando llegué, ya había salido. Its partners ya and todavía no, and how it differs from the preterite.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. habré hablado for what will have happened (and for guessing about the recent past: habrá llegado ya), plus the literary past anterior hube hablado - the whole compound-tense family on one map.

  8. hubo or había?Mistake clinic

    Both are there was. One is an event, the other is the scenery.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2800 ceiling.

  12. The second pass, now that the face has a nose and ears and the arm has a hand on the end of it.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 31 · The neuter lo: lo bueno, lo que, lo de

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  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. The genderless article that turns adjectives into abstract nouns (lo importante), measures degree (no sabes lo difícil que fue), builds the relative lo que / lo cual, and points at an affair with lo de.

  5. lo or el?Mistake clinic

    One points at a thing you could count. The other never does.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The pronouns after a preposition - para mí, a ti, con él - plus the fused conmigo / contigo / consigo and the entre tú y yo exceptions.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-2900 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

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Chapter 32 · The accidental se: se me cayó, se me olvidó

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  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The no-fault se that turns an accident into something that happened TO you: se + indirect pronoun + verb agreeing with the thing (se me olvidaron las llaves). The verbs that love it, and why Spanish dodges blame this way.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. How Spanish says 'each other' with the plural reflexives nos / os / se, telling it apart from the reflexive 'themselves', and forcing the reading with el uno al otro or mutuamente.

  8. One of these quietly removes the blame. Spanish prefers it.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3000 ceiling.

  12. Breakfast, lunch and dinner all have their own verb in Spanish - desayunar, almorzar, cenar - which English has to say the long way round.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 33 · The infinitive as a noun and after prepositions

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  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. Where English reaches for the -ing form, Spanish uses the bare infinitive: fumar es malo (smoking is bad), antes de salir (before leaving), al llegar (on arriving). The nominal infinitive, every preposition, and the single biggest -ing mistake.

  5. hablar or hablando?Mistake clinic

    English uses -ing in places where Spanish flatly refuses to.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The gerund as an adverb of manner (salió corriendo, aprendo escuchando) and with seguir / ir + verb, plus the three places English -ing tempts you wrongly: as a subject, after a preposition, and modifying a noun.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3100 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

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Chapter 34 · Past participles as adjectives and absolute clauses

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  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The participle stops being frozen and starts agreeing: una puerta cerrada, la comida hecha, and the compressed absolute clause terminada la reunion (once the meeting was over). Plus tengo hecha la cena.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. The helper-verb toolbox that adds aspect beyond plain tense: acabo de llegar (have just), llevo dos horas esperando (have been waiting), volvio a llamar (called again), sigue lloviendo (still raining).

  8. sigue or lleva?Mistake clinic

    One measures how long. The other says it has not stopped.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3200 ceiling.

  12. El tiempo que haceThemed review

    The weather, and the seasons it comes in. tiempo is doing its double duty again - the time and the weather share a word.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  14. Word printables

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Chapter 35 · Causative verbs: hacer, dejar, mandar + infinitive

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  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. How Spanish says make/have/let someone do something: me hizo esperar (made me wait), le hice arreglar el coche (had him fix the car), me dejaron entrar (let me in), and the hacer que + subjunctive alternative.

  5. hizo or dejó?Mistake clinic

    Force and permission take the same shape in English.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. Seeing and hearing someone do something: la vi salir (saw her leave, whole action) vs la vi saliendo (saw her leaving, mid-action), with ver/mirar and oir/escuchar, and the doer as a direct object.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3300 ceiling.

  12. Los coloresThemed review

    Colours arrive slowly in a frequency course - blanco in chapter 1, morado not for another thirty-odd. Here they finally sit together.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

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Chapter 36 · Correlative comparison: cuanto mas... mas, cada vez mas

Chapter page →
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  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The advanced comparison patterns beyond mas que: cuanto mas trabajo, mas cansado estoy (the more... the more), cada vez mas (more and more), el doble, tanto... que, and the -isimo absolute superlative.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. How much and how many, and the agreement trap: mucha gente but trabaja mucho (adjective agrees, adverb is invariable), plus todo el dia, cada dos horas, la mayoria de and measure phrases like un par de.

  8. Put a number after it and the word changes.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3400 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 37 · Advanced negation: ni, sino vs pero, tampoco

Chapter page →
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  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. The negation tools beyond no and nunca: ni... ni (neither... nor), tampoco (not either), ni siquiera (not even), and the one learners get wrong - sino vs pero (no es rojo sino azul).

  5. sino or pero?Mistake clinic

    One corrects what you just denied. The other adds to it.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. How Spanish spotlights one element: fue Pedro quien lo hizo (it was Pedro who did it), lo que quiero es descansar (what I want is to rest), and fronting an object with a resumptive pronoun.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3500 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

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Chapter 38 · Exclamations: que, cuanto, como, vaya

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  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. How Spanish exclaims: ¡Que bonito! (how lovely), ¡Que casa tan grande! (what a big house), ¡Cuanta gente! (what a crowd), ¡Como llueve! (how it rains), ¡Vaya dia! (what a day), and the accent rule.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. The fossilised subjunctive that lives in fixed expressions: pase lo que pase (whatever happens), sea como sea, como si lo supiera (as if), ojala, and good wishes like ¡Que tengas un buen dia!

  8. qué or cuánto?Mistake clinic

    Exclaiming about a quality, or about an amount.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3600 ceiling.

  12. El deporteThemed review

    Playing, winning and losing. jugar is to play a game; tocar is to play an instrument, and swapping them is the classic mistake.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  14. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    99 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 39 · Compound prepositions and tricky choices

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. Beyond a, en, de: the phrasal prepositions of place (delante de, detras de, encima de) and idea (a pesar de, ademas de, en vez de), plus verbs whose preposition is not the English one (soñar con, pensar en).

  5. bajo or debajo de?Mistake clinic

    Only one of them is about physical position.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The non -mente adverbs: aqui/alli, arriba/abajo, ya/todavia, pronto/tarde, and the classic trap muy vs mucho (muy caro but cuesta mucho), plus where adverbs sit in the sentence.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3700 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    98 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 40 · Diminutives and augmentatives: -ito, -illo, -on, -azo

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The suffixes that pervade real Spanish: casita (little house), un poquito, ahorita and abuelita (affection), un hombron and exitazo (size), plus the blow sense (portazo) and frozen forms like bolsillo.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Everything past the basic cardinals: el primer dia and el tercer piso (apocope), media hora and un cuarto de kilo, millones de, el 3 de mayo, and son las cuatro y media.

  8. cien or ciento?Mistake clinic

    A hundred changes its name depending on what follows it.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3800 ceiling.

  12. The house in detail: the rooms you did not have words for the first time round, and the furniture in them.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  14. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 41 · Register: tu vs usted, vosotros vs ustedes

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  4. The social choice every sentence forces: what usted really signals (distance, respect, service), how it shifts the verb and pronouns, and the regional split where Latin America drops vosotros for ustedes.

  5. tú or usted?Mistake clinic

    Getting this wrong is not a grammar error. It is a social one.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. How to ask without sounding blunt: the conditional (¿podria?, me gustaria), quisiera, ¿te importaria...?, hedges like si no es molestia, and the bluntness ladder from Dame to ¿Seria tan amable de darme?

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-3900 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 42 · Connectors of addition and contrast

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The linking words that stitch ideas together: ademas and asimismo (addition), and the contrast set sin embargo, no obstante, en cambio, aun asi, mientras que - and how they take a comma and move around.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. porque, ya que and como (cause); por eso, por lo tanto and asi que (consequence); para que and a fin de que + subjunctive (purpose); es decir and o sea (reformulation) - and which need the subjunctive.

  8. One joins two halves. The other needs a full stop before it.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4000 ceiling.

  12. The second pass at feeling. Spanish makes a verb out of most of these - enamorarse, enfadarse, calmarse - so the emotion is something you do rather than something you are.

  13. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  14. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 43 · Set phrases with tener, dar, hacer, echar

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. The fixed light-verb expressions that carry everyday Spanish: tener ganas de, tener en cuenta, darse cuenta, dar igual, hacer falta, hacer caso, echar de menos (miss), echar una mano - learned as chunks.

  5. tengo or me da?Mistake clinic

    Spanish keeps its feelings inside two verbs, and neither is to be.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The fixed multi-word adverbials: de vez en cuando (now and then), a menudo (often), de repente (suddenly), poco a poco (little by little), tarde o temprano (sooner or later), hoy en dia - learned whole.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4100 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 44 · Collocations: which verb goes with which noun

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The fixed pairings English speakers get wrong: tomar una decision (not hacer), cometer un error, correr un riesgo, prestar atencion, tener exito - learn the verb WITH its noun, not from the English verb.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. The whole ladder of degree past plain muy: -isimo, super and requete-, un monton de and la mar de (loads), tan... que; and the downtoners un poco, mas bien, medio and tirando a.

  8. hacer or tomar?Mistake clinic

    There is no rule here. That is the lesson.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4200 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 45 · False friends, part 1: the classic traps

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  4. Words that look English but arent: embarazada is pregnant (not embarrassed), actual is current, realizar is carry out, sensible is sensitive, exito is success, fabrica is factory, libreria is a bookshop.

  5. Three words that look like English words they have nothing to do with.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The verb traps: molestar (bother, not molest), recordar (remember, not record), soportar (put up with, not support), pretender (intend, not pretend), atender (serve, not attend), colegio (school, not college).

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4300 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 46 · Prefixes: des-, re-, in-, pre-

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. How prefixes multiply your vocabulary: des- undoes (deshacer, desorden), re- repeats (rehacer), in-/im-/i- negates with an assimilation rule (imposible, ilegal, inutil), pre- means before. Learn the prefix, unlock a family.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Turning verbs and adjectives into nouns, and the gender each suffix gives: -cion and -dad are feminine (construccion, realidad), -miento is masculine (movimiento). The suffix tells you gender and meaning.

  8. in- or des-?Mistake clinic

    Spanish has two ways to say not, and they split by word type.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4400 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 47 · Adjective suffixes: -oso, -able, -ante, -al

Chapter page →
  1. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. Turning nouns and verbs into adjectives: -oso means full of (famoso, peligroso), -able means able to be VERBed (aceptable, creible), -ante means doing (sorprendente), -al means relating to (cultural).

  5. The chapter-2 clinic again, except now the adjective changes meaning too.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The verb-making suffixes: -izar (realizar, memorizar), -ecer for becoming (oscurecer, anochecer), -ificar (simplificar), -ear for repeated action (golpear); and the a-/en- circumfixes (aterrizar, engordar).

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4500 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 48 · Spain vs Latin America: the vocabulary

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The everyday words that change across the Spanish-speaking world: coche/carro, movil/celular, zumo/jugo, patata/papa, autobus/colectivo - and the words to be careful with (coger). There is no one correct Spanish.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. The structural differences: voseo (vos tenes, vos sos) in Argentina and beyond, ustedes for everything (no vosotros) in Latin America, and the preterite-vs-perfect split (ya comi vs ya he comido).

  8. coger or tomar?Mistake clinic

    Neither is wrong. Using the Spanish one in Mexico is.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4600 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 49 · Accent rules: agudas, llanas, esdrujulas

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  4. When a Spanish word needs a written accent: agudas take one ending in a vowel, n or s (cafe, cancion); llanas take one when they do not (arbol, lapiz); esdrujulas always (rapido, musica); and the dia/pais hiatus rule.

  5. el or él?Mistake clinic

    The accent changes nothing you can hear, and everything you mean.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The accent that only tells two identical words apart: tu (you) vs tu (your), el (he) vs el (the), si (yes) vs si (if), and the interrogative accent on que, como, donde in questions - direct, exclamatory and indirect.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4700 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 50 · Spelling traps: b/v, g/j, silent h, c/s/z

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The letters that sound the same but spell differently: b and v are identical (tubo vs tuvo), h is silent (haber vs a ver), g and j both /x/ before e/i (gente vs jefe), and r/rr is the one real sound contrast (pero vs perro).

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Where Spanish differs from English: the mandatory opening ¿ and ¡ (and where they go), lowercase days, months, languages and nationalities (lunes, espanol), the decimal comma, and the colon after Estimada senora:

  8. hay, ahí or ay?Mistake clinic

    Three words, one sound, and natives mix them up more than learners do.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4800 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 51 · Fixed similes: como un tronco

Chapter page →
  1. Cross the words you just met, clued in English. Slower than a drill, and it sticks harder.

  2. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  3. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  4. The stereotyped comparisons Spanish uses instead of a plain adjective: dormir como un tronco (sleep like a log), mas bueno que el pan, terco como una mula, feliz como una perdiz - and you cannot swap the noun.

  5. agua or fuego?Mistake clinic

    Fixed phrases are fixed. Swap the noun and it stops being Spanish.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  8. The traditional sayings that pepper real Spanish, with their English equivalents: Mas vale tarde que nunca, A quien madruga Dios le ayuda, No hay mal que por bien no venga, and how they are often shortened mid-sentence.

  9. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  10. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-4900 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 52 · Text cohesion and style

Chapter page →
  1. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  2. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  3. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  4. The final polish: avoiding repetition with pronouns and synonyms, the signposting phrases (en primer lugar, en resumen, cabe destacar), given-before-new flow, and the difference between a wall of short sentences and a flowing paragraph.

  5. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  6. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  7. The real Spanish the textbook hides: pa for para, xq for porque, and Spain slang like tio, guay, mola, currar and flipar - how to DECODE subtitles and group chats while keeping the neutral standard yourself.

  8. One asks, one answers, and one is a noun.

  9. Sixty seconds on the endings of the verbs this chapter has drilled so far.

  10. Pop the words you just met by matching each one to its meaning. A couple of rounds and the batch is yours.

  11. You can read this story using only the words you've learned so far. Every content word sits at or above the rank-5000 ceiling.

  12. Arcade reviewReview games

    Replay this chapter's words as games - a different kind of repetition, and it counts.

  13. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    100 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each

Chapter 53 · Graded readers: the first 1000 words

Chapter page →
  1. Diez cuentos cortos que puedes leer usando solo las 1000 palabras mas comunes. The reward for the core 1000: a small library of stories to read straight through.

  2. a ver or haber?Mistake clinic

    Identical out loud. Only one of them is a verb.

Chapter 54 · Las palabrotas: strong language in Spanish

Chapter page →
  1. The words Spanish speakers actually use, how hard each one lands, and where. This chapter is here so you can understand what you hear, not so you can say it. Spanish swearing travels worse than any other part of the language: a word that is ordinary punctuation in Spain can end a conversation in Latin America, and the reverse is just as true.

  2. The mild endVocabulary

    5 words · Crude rather than offensive. You will hear all of these in ordinary conversation from people who would never use anything stronger.

  3. 4 words · The workhorses. Mierda sits roughly where shit does in English, and carajo has drifted so far from its literal sense that almost nobody hears it any more.

  4. 3 words · One verb and everything built on it. As an exclamation joder is closer to bloody hell than to its literal meaning, which is why translating it word for word makes learners sound far coarser than they intend.

  5. 4 words · Insults rather than exclamations, and the group where region matters most. Gilipollas is Spain and pendejo is Latin America; cabron can be an insult or a compliment depending entirely on who is saying it and how.

  6. 2 words · The most useful thing here is that de puta madre means excellent. The same root gives you one of the harshest words for a woman and one of the warmest compliments in the language, and only context tells you which you just heard.

  7. 3 words · Sexual and anatomical, and not insults as such - but each one changes how a room hears you, and none of them belongs anywhere near a classroom or an office.

  8. 1 words · One word, on its own, because Spanish does something with it that English does not. It is literally the strongest word available, and in Spain it is also a routine interjection you will hear a dozen times a day. Holding both facts at once is the point of this chapter.

  9. Palabras de cocinaGraded-reader story

    The whole chapter in one story. Elena learns Spanish swearing the only way anyone does - by saying the right word on the wrong side of the kitchen door. In the kitchen it is punctuation; in the dining room it costs the house a ten-year regular.

  10. Word printables

    Per-word sheets

    22 words · a worksheet, infographic and listicle each