Kilo Lingo

(céng) - once, formerly; have (done) before in Mandarin

céng

Traditional: 曾

Line drawing of 曾
Coloured illustration of 曾
HSK 5
#562 of 5,000 Core 1000

Translation

once, formerly; have (done) before

Word origin

曾 originally depicted a steamer or layered cooking vessel, the ancestor of 甑 'steamer'. It was borrowed to write the adverb meaning 'once, formerly' and the sense of layered or added relationships.

Origin
pictograph
Root
a layered steaming vessel

Stroke order

Stroke order for 曾

Examples

He was once my teacher.

He was once my teacher.

No one has ever seen this kind of bird.

I have travelled to Tibet before.

He once served as company manager.

曾 (céng) is a literary adverb meaning once or formerly, indicating a past experience. In classical and formal Mandarin 曾 alone marks past experience, parallel to the 过 (guò) experiential aspect marker in modern speech. In everyday Mandarin it typically appears in the compound 曾经 (céng jīng, once upon a time / used to), which is more colloquially natural. The negative 未曾 (wèi céng) means have never, appearing mostly in formal or literary contexts.

Appears in 1 word

Multi-character compounds in the corpus that contain 曾.

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This word is part of lesson 12.