度(dù) - degree (of temperature or angle); extent, measure; a time, an occasion in Mandarin

度 is the unit on a scale, and the same word covers temperature, angles and the strength of spirits: 三十度 is thirty degrees whether you are reading a thermometer or a protractor, and 五十二度的白酒 is fifty two per cent liquor. Context, not the word, tells you which scale.

Abstractly it means extent or degree, which is where a large family of common nouns comes from: 温度 (temperature), 速度 (speed), 态度 (attitude), 程度 (level, extent), 难度 (difficulty). Spotting 度 at the end of a two-character word is a reliable clue that the word names a measurable quantity.

Two smaller uses catch people out. As a bound counter it means an occasion, giving 再度 (once again) and 一年一度 (annual). And as a verb 度 means to pass or spend time: 度过难关, 度假 (to go on holiday). Neither has anything to do with thermometers.