Spanish · Chapter 24 · Lesson 4 · Grammar primer

The passive with ser

ser + past participle (+ por + agent): la novela fue escrita por Cervantes. The participle agrees with the subject, the tense lives on ser, and how it differs from estar + participle (action vs resulting state).

The lesson is a long-form read rather than a flashcard session. Open the primer below, work through it once, then come back and continue with the next lesson.

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