Kilo Lingo

Line drawing of mafio
Coloured illustration of mafio
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Translation

mafia

Word origin

An international borrowing of Italian mafia, first recorded in Sicilian as mafia in the 1860s. The origin of the Sicilian word itself is genuinely unsettled.

Origin
Italian, from Sicilian
Root
mafia
English cognates
mafia, mafioso

Other proposed origins

  • One long-standing account traces it to Arabic, variously to mahyas ('boastful swagger') or marfud ('rejected'), from the centuries of Arabic rule in Sicily. (Arabic, mahyas)
  • Another holds that the Sicilian adjective simply meant bold or self-assured, and that the criminal sense was attached to it later by outsiders. (Sicilian)

Examples

.

The film tells the story of one family in the mafia.

.

The police looked for the mafia's money for ten years.

.

Nobody in the village wanted to talk about the mafia.

is the ordinary international word and it behaves like any other -o noun: , , o for a member, mafia for the adjective. Esperanto imports it whole, as it imports and , because there is nothing here for a learner to build out of pieces already owned.

Worth knowing that the word travels badly in the plural. In Italian and in English it names one specific Sicilian organisation and then, loosely, any organised criminal network anywhere; Esperanto follows the same slide, so rusa is unremarkable usage even though the metaphor has stopped being literal. If you want to stay narrow, is a gang without the Sicilian freight.

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mafio: worksheet, infographic and listicle

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This word is part of lesson 45.