Esperanto grammar
Every Esperanto grammar topic, in one place
Filter by CEFR level, search by topic, and pick the piece that fits what you are stuck on. The catalogue covers the full set of Esperanto grammar rules from the SVO baseline at A1 to the register-shifting moves at C1.
Beginner (A1-A2)
-ig- and -iĝ-
-ig- means cause it, -iĝ- means it happens. The Esperanto suffix pair that fixes transitivity, why mi bolas la akvon is wrong, and the drills to fix it.
Beginner (A1-A2)
-us and -u
The Esperanto conditional -us (would, with no tense) and the volitive -u (commands, wishes and ke-clauses), with the one-line test and drills.
Beginner (A1-A2)
Adverbs
How Esperanto adverbs work: -e from any root, estas varme vs la supo estas varma, adverbs that never take -e, and -en for direction. Examples, drills.
Beginner (A1-A2)
Affixes
Every official Esperanto prefix and suffix in two tables, with examples, and the seven to learn first: mal-, -in-, ge-, re-, -ej-, -ist-, -et- and -eg-.
Intermediate (B1-B2)
Affixes That Are Also Words
Most Esperanto affixes are words too: ilo is a tool, aro a group. Which pieces are really roots (vic-, duon-), and why eraro is one root. With drills.
Intermediate (B1-B2)
After the Esperanto Course
Finished the Esperanto course? What three thousand roots really buys you, and what to do next: what to read, listen to, speak, write and join.
All Esperanto grammar topics, A-Z
Beginner (A1-A2)
- -ig- and -iĝ-
- -us and -u
- Adverbs
- Affixes
- Aspect Affixes
- Body Parts
- Capital Letters
- Comparisons
- Compound Words
- Connectors
- Conversation Words
- Correlatives Table
- Countries and Nationalities
- Demonstratives
- Food and Cooking Words
- Fractions, Multiples and Groups
- Grammar on One Page
- Greetings
- How to Actually Learn Esperanto, and Why It Is Faster
- How to Ask Questions
- How to Type Esperanto Letters
- Interjections
- Language Names
- Letter Names
- Listening to Esperanto
- Music and Films
- Negation
- Nouns and Adjectives
- Numbers
- Participles
- Personal Pronouns
- Prepositions
- Propaedeutic Value
- Proverbs
- Punctuation, Spelling and Abbreviations
- Quantity Words
- Question Words
- Restaurant Phrases
- Subordinate Clauses
- Suffixes -et-, -eg-, -ul-, -ist- and -an-
- Telling the Time and Dates
- The Esperanto Accusative
- The Esperanto Article la
- The Esperanto Reflexive
- Verb Tenses and Conjugation
- Word Endings
Intermediate (B1-B2)
- Affixes That Are Also Words
- After the Esperanto Course
- And the Religions
- Apposition
- Compound Tenses
- Correlatives in Use
- Esperantismo and the Interna Ideo
- False Friends
- Finvenkismo and Raŭmismo
- Gender
- Hodiaŭ
- Homaranismo
- Impersonal Sentences
- Letter Writing
- Measurements
- Oomoto and the Bahá'ís
- Participles as Nouns
- Particles
- Personal Names
- Poetic Esperanto
- Pri- Verbs
- Reported Speech
- Rhyme and Metre
- Scientific Esperanto
- Slang
- Spoken Esperanto
- The Esperanto Calendar
- The Esperanto Congress
- The Esperanto Letter Ĥ
- The Esperanto Passive
- The Esperanto Suffix -um
- The History of Esperanto in Ten Episodes, 1859 to Today
- Transitivity
- Tricky Esperanto Prepositions
- Unofficial Esperanto Affixes
- Verbs and Prepositions
- What to Read
- Who Decides Correct Esperanto? Fundamento and Akademio
- Word Order