Kilo Lingo

Esperanto grammar

Every Esperanto grammar topic, in one place

Filter by CEFR level, search by topic, and pick the piece that fits what you are stuck on. The catalogue covers the full set of Esperanto grammar rules from the SVO baseline at A1 to the register-shifting moves at C1.

  1. Beginner (A1-A2)

    Adverbs in Esperanto

    How Esperanto adverbs work: the -e ending that derives an adverb from any root, the -a versus -e choice after estas that decides between la supo estas varma and estas varme, the primitive adverbs that

  2. Beginner (A1-A2)

    Correlatives in the Wild

    What the Esperanto correlatives do once you have learned the grid: the ti- plus ki- pairing that joins clauses (tiu kiu, tio kion, ĉio kion, tien kien), tio versus tiu for picking up a whole clause, p

  3. Beginner (A1-A2)

    Esperantismo and the Interna Ideo

    The ideological layer of Esperanto, set out even-handedly from the primary texts: the Declaration of Boulogne's actual definition of esperantismo and its private-affair clause, the neutrality doctrine

  4. Beginner (A1-A2)

    Esperanto -us and -u

    The two Esperanto verb endings with no clean English match. -us is the would ending and carries no tense at all; -u covers commands, suggestions, third-person wishes and every ke-clause where somebody

  5. Beginner (A1-A2)

    Esperanto Affixes

    Esperanto affixes are productive and regular, so one root becomes a dozen words. Learn the word-building system - mal-, ge-, re-, -in-, -et-, -eg-, -ej- and -ist- - and a 200-word course starts behavi

  6. Beginner (A1-A2)

    Esperanto and the Religions

    Why a language invented by a Warsaw eye doctor ended up with a Catholic union recognised by the Vatican, a Protestant league older than the First World War, a Japanese religion that adopted it in June