peccatum

Peccatum, peccati, n. Second declension neuter, the perfect passive participle of pecco, peccare, "to stumble, go wrong", used as a noun: a thing done wrong.

In classical Latin it is mild. A peccatum is a mistake, a slip, a lapse of judgement, and Cicero applies it to bad grammar as readily as to bad conduct. The heavy theological weight arrives with Christian Latin, where peccatum originale is original sin and remissio peccatorum the forgiveness of sins, and that is the sense this corpus carries almost every time. Keep the neighbours distinct: culpa is the blame, crimen the charge, scelus the outrage, peccatum the act itself. Italian peccato still doubles as "what a shame".