(jì) - both, as well as; since, given that in Mandarin
jìTraditional: 既
Translation
both, as well as; since, given that
Word origin
The old graph showed a person turning away from a food vessel, a meal already finished, which gave 既 its core sense of already completed.
- Origin
- native
- Root
- 皀 (a vessel of food) + 旡 (a person with the head turned away)
Stroke order
既
Examples
。
He is both clever and hard-working.
。
This room is both big and bright.
,。
She is a teacher and a mother as well.
。
This piece of clothing is cheap and good-looking at the same time.
步,。
He likes neither running nor swimming.
既 (jì) is almost never used alone. Its main job is the paired pattern 既...又... and 既...也..., which links two qualities that hold at the same time: 既聪明又努力, clever and hard-working both. Use 又 when the two items are the same kind of thing, and 也 when the second one shifts register or subject.
The negative version is 既不...也不..., which is how Mandarin says neither this nor that. Note that the second half needs its own 不 or 没: 既不喜欢跑步,也不喜欢游泳, not a single negation carried over from the first clause.
The other 既 you will meet is 既然, the causal conjunction meaning since or given that, and that is a separate word with a separate feel. The trap is assuming 既 on its own can carry that meaning in speech. It cannot outside fixed literary phrases like 既来之,则安之. If you want since, use 既然.
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既: worksheet, infographic and listicle
Free printable study downloads for the Mandarin word "既" (both, as well as; since, given that): a worksheet with the answer key built in, an infographic, and a sentence listicle. Open any one to view, print or save.
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Start your free weekThis word is part of lesson 44.