Esperanto · Chapter 31 · Lesson 8 · Grammar primer
The whole grammar of Esperanto on one page
All 16 rules of the Fundamento, each one something you already know by now, each linked to the article that goes deep - and the point the course has been making: the rules never grew.
The short version
The whole grammar fits on one page
Esperanto has sixteen rules. Not sixteen chapters - sixteen rules, the ones Zamenhof printed in 1887, and they have not changed since. By the time you finish a course you can read all sixteen and recognise every one as something you already do. No other language on earth lets you hold its entire grammar in one glance, and that is not a gimmick - it is the whole point.
Dek ses reguloj, kaj neniu el ili sxangxigxis.
The rules end; the words do not
Everything past the sixteen rules is vocabulary and word-building - and that is where the language is endless. The rules are a closed constitution; the roots and affixes are an open workshop. Learn the sixteen once and you are done with them forever; the three thousand roots keep paying out for as long as you use them.
La reguloj finigxas; la vortoj ne.
That's the gist. The full article goes deeper - more examples, the edge cases, the why - and the practice below scores like a vocabulary session and earns the same XP.
Read the full article · 17 min readPractice
Practise this lesson
44-question session
One question at a time, mixed across the exercises in this lesson. Miss one and it comes back round before the end.
Esperanto · Free printables
Worksheets for this lesson
Worksheets with answer keys built in. Open any one to view, print or save.
Free for members
The printable worksheets, infographics and PDFs are free with an account. Start a free week and download as many as you like.
Start your free weekLesson 8 of 22 in this chapter