Translation
must be done; obligatory
Examples
kalkulo a .
The bill must be paid today.
a .
Here is the work that has to be done.
a .
The problem must be solved before evening.
a.
Every word in the list has to be learned.
a .
That letter must be sent tomorrow.
-end- is the hardest of the three obligation suffixes. gives a, needing to be paid; gives a; gives a; gives a. The result is an adjective in -a, and like its two cousins it wants a transitive root, because the duty falls on the thing, not on the doer.
Ranked, the family runs -- can be done, -- is worth doing, -end- must be done. Nothing in the word says who is imposing the duty, which is exactly why forms and notices like it.
Two cautions. It is not in the Fundamento, so it is unofficial, though it is universally read. And a, worth reading aloud in your head before you write it, collides visually with legend. In speech most people simply say and leave the suffix to paperwork.
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-end-: worksheet, infographic and listicle
Free printable study downloads for the Esperanto word "-end-" (must be done; obligatory): a worksheet with the answer key built in, an infographic, and a sentence listicle. Open any one to view, print or save.
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