Translation
dagger
Word origin
From French poignard, from poing ('fist'), from Latin pugnus. A poignard is the blade you hold in a closed fist, and the same pugnus is behind English pugnacious and pugilist.
- Origin
- French
- Root
- poignard
- English cognates
- poniard, pugnacious, pugilist
Examples
.
The dagger lay in a case in the museum.
.
An ancient dagger is smaller than a sword.
.
He carried a dagger under his cloak.
No -ard- suffix. Esperanto has none, and it never has: the -ard you can see here is French, and it came in fused. - is one root. The temptation is stronger than usual because a handful of borrowed words share the ending - , , bulvardo - and a run of three or four words with the same tail is exactly the pattern the affix system trains you to notice. Here the pattern is a coincidence of French morphology, not a piece of Esperanto, so there is nothing to decompose.
What separates it from the other blades. Glavo is a sword: long, two hands or one, carried openly. A is short, straight and pointed, made for stabbing rather than cutting, and its defining feature in every language that has a word for it is that it can be hidden. o is the ordinary knife you eat with, and o is the oversized one, roughly what a Roman pugio was. The verb ponardi exists and means to stab with one.
Where you meet it. Almost entirely in historical and literary Esperanto: translations of Shakespeare, of the classics, of anything with a conspiracy in it. In the modern world a is a museum object, which is the right way to hold the word. Note the family beside it - for fist is unrelated in Esperanto even though the French ancestor came from exactly that, because Esperanto took straight from Latin pugnus and from French, so the two arrived by different doors from the same house.
Where this fits
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ponardo: worksheet, infographic and listicle
Free printable study downloads for the Esperanto word "ponardo" (dagger): a worksheet with the answer key built in, an infographic, and a sentence listicle. Open any one to view, print or save.
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Start your free weekThis word is part of lesson 43.