Countries where Italian is an official or dominant language

Italian is the language people mean when they say a language was easy for them.

Spelling is almost perfectly phonetic, so reading and saying are the same skill. Stress is regular enough to guess most of the time. There are no cases, no noun declensions, and very little that has no English parallel. A motivated adult can be reading simple Italian within weeks.

That is not the whole story, and the parts that are hard are hard in specific, identifiable places.

Where the work actually is

Verbs. Italian verb endings are numerous, and the verbs you need first are precisely the ones that misbehave. That is not bad luck: a verb used a hundred times a day gets learned whole by every child and never gets tidied into the regular pattern. Frequency protects irregularity, in Italian as in English.

The two auxiliaries. Essere and avere do an enormous amount of structural work, and choosing the wrong one is the error that marks a learner fastest. There is no way around learning both conjugations by heart, early.

The subjunctive. English has flattened almost all of its own, so learners assume Italian has too. It has not. Italian uses the subjunctive in ordinary conversation, after ordinary expressions of opinion, and you meet it sooner than you would like.

What this course is

A hundred words, one chapter, and three grammar guides: the articles, essere and avere, and the three verb families. Enough to read simple Italian sentences and decide whether to go further, and honest about stopping there.

Frequently asked

Frequently asked

Is Italian hard to learn?

It is one of the gentlest major languages for an English speaker. Spelling is nearly phonetic, stress is regular enough to guess, and there are no cases. The real work sits in verb endings, which are numerous and irregular in exactly the verbs you need most, and in the subjunctive, which Italian still uses where English has quietly abandoned it.

How long does it take to learn Italian?

The Foreign Service Institute puts Italian in its easiest group at roughly 600 class hours to professional working proficiency, alongside Spanish and French. For a self-teaching adult doing half an hour a day, reading simple Italian is a matter of months and conversation a matter of a year or two.

Should I learn Italian or Spanish?

Spanish is marginally easier and has far more learning material; Italian has a more transparent relationship to Latin and, for many learners, a more satisfying sound. If you have a reason for one, follow the reason. If you genuinely do not, Spanish is the softer landing.

Across the Italian library

Everything on the site for Italian, in the order you would learn it.

Start here

Core vocabulary

Grammar