dolor

Dolor, doloris is masculine, third declension, from doleo, "I hurt". Latin makes no split between physical and mental: dolor capitis is a headache, dolor mortis eius is grief at his death, and the same word does both without apology. English needs pain and sorrow and loses the connection.

There is a third sense that catches people out: resentment, indignation, the soreness of a slight. A man acting "ex dolore" is acting out of grievance, not out of sadness. In the church corpus the Mater Dolorosa and the seven dolours of the Virgin are the standing use. Spanish dolor and French douleur carry both senses still; English took dolorous and condolence.