Ch 25 · Lesson 17Mandarin · Chapter 25 · Lesson 17 · Grammar primer
关于 and 对于: about, and to whom
Both translate as about. names the subject (, a book about history); names who it matters to (, for students). Treating a person well takes plain .
The short version
(guānyú) names the subject, (duìyú) the target
。Wǒ kàn le yì běn guānyú lìshǐ de shū.
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Both translate as 'about'. (guānyú) says what a book or a talk is on: (guānyú lìshǐ de shū), a book about history. (duìyú) says who or what something matters to: (duìyú xuésheng lái shuō), for students. How someone treats a person takes plain (duì): (tā duì wǒ hěn hǎo).
The whole family on one screen
The colours stay the same all page long:
| Hanzi | Pinyin | Kind | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| guānyú | phrase | about |
| duìyú | phrase | as regards, for |
| yóuyú | phrase | owing to |
| zhìyú | phrase | as for |
| shǔyú | verb | belong to |
位 | wèiyú | verb | be located in |
等 | děngyú | verb | equal, amount to |
| zhōngyú | adverb | at last |
The first four open a phrase that sits in front of the real verb. The next three are verbs themselves. (zhōngyú) is an everyday adverb.
关于 (guānyú) or 对于 (duìyú)?
(guānyú) says what a book, a talk or a question is ON. (duìyú) says who or what an attitude or an effect lands on:
| Hanzi | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
。 | Wǒ kàn le yì běn guānyú lìshǐ de shū. | I read a book about history |
,。 | Guānyú zhè jiàn shì, wǒmen xià cì zài tán. | On this matter, let's talk next time |
,。 | Duìyú xuésheng lái shuō, shíjiān hěn zhòngyào. | For students, time matters |
。 | Zhège xiāoxi duìyú wǒmen hěn zhòngyào. | This news matters to us |
Two places take only one of them. For what a book, a film or a talk is about, only (guānyú): (guānyú lìshǐ de shū), never . With a word like (zhòngyào), important, only (duìyú) or (duì): (duìyú wǒmen hěn zhòngyào), never .
Test it in English: if "on the subject of" fits, use (guānyú); if "as it affects" or "in the eyes of" fits, use (duìyú).
对 (duì) or 对于 (duìyú)?
(duì) is the shorter, everyday word. Almost anywhere (duìyú) works, works too; the reverse is not true. How someone treats a person takes only :
| Hanzi | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
。 | Tā duì wǒ hěn hǎo. | He is good to me |
。 | Wǒ duì zhè jiàn shì hěn yǒu xìngqù. | I'm very interested in this |
,。 | Duìyú zhè jiàn shì, wǒ hěn yǒu xìngqù. | As regards this, I'm very interested (formal) |
(duì) sits happily after the subject. (duìyú) is at home at the front of the sentence, as in the last row; after the subject it is more formal than (duì).
Going further: 由于 (yóuyú): owing to and the rest of the guide, when you want them. This lesson does not need them.
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