Ch 14 · Lesson 15Esperanto · Chapter 14 · Lesson 15 · Grammar primer
Ĉar, tial and do: because and so
brings the cause, (the answer to ) and do bring the result. Swap them and the logic runs backwards.
The short version
; .
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is because and brings the cause: , . , for that reason, is the answer word to , why, and points back at a cause already given. Do is the lighter so, and it also opens a remark: do, ? Swap and and the logic runs backwards.
ĉar, tial and do: because and so
brings the cause; and bring the result:
, .- I stayed at home because it rained.; .- He was ill; that is why he did not come., .- I think, therefore I am.
asks why, and answers it, straight from the correlative table:
?- Why did you stay at home?; .- It rained; that is why I stayed at home.
is lighter, and it also opens a remark, like English so: , ? - So, what shall we do?
- do
- tial
- sekve
(consequently) belongs to formal writing. For adding a point rather than a result, use (besides) or (moreover).
Mistakes English speakers make
| Wrong | Right | Why |
|---|---|---|
..., ... | ..., () ... | one contrast word per join |
| | imagined: -us in both halves |
| , | |
(even) | | |
The comma habit from subordinate clauses applies here too: a comma before , and clauses.
Going further: sed and tamen: but and however and the rest of the guide, when you want them. This lesson does not need them.
Practice
Practise this lesson
9-question session
One question at a time, mixed across the exercises in this lesson. Miss one and it comes back round before the end.
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