Ch 23 · Lesson 10Esperanto · Chapter 23 · Lesson 10 · Grammar primer
Joĉjo and Manjo: pet names with -ĉj- and -nj-
Cut a name to its first one to five letters and add -ĉj- for a man or -nj- for a woman: Joĉjo, Manjo, and the family words , , oĉjo.
The short version
Pet names: -ĉj- for a man, -nj- for a woman
Manjo.
Why?Hide
Pet names add -ĉj- (for a man) or -nj- (for a woman) after the first one to five letters of a given name: Johano gives Joĉjo, Mario gives Manjo. The same suffixes make (dad) from and (mum) from .
Joĉjo and Manjo: pet names
Two suffixes make pet names: -- for a man and -- for a woman. The says they go after the first one to five letters of the given name. The Fundamento's §38 works through a family:
| Name | Pet names |
|---|---|
Johano | Johanĉjo, Joĉjo |
Nikolao | Nikolĉjo, Niĉjo |
Vilhelmo | Vilĉjo, Viĉjo |
Mario | Manjo, Marinjo |
Klaro | Klanjo |
Sofio | Sonjo, Sofinjo |
Manjo.- Her parents call her Manjo.
How far you cut is taste: the gives several forms and does not rank them.
The same suffixes work on family words. PMEG lists these:
- avoĉjo
- oĉjo
Avoĉjo (grandad), panjo (mum), paĉjo (dad) and oĉjo (uncle): -ĉj- for each man, -nj- for the woman.
| Word | Pet form | English |
|---|---|---|
| | dad |
| | mum |
| oĉjo | uncle |
| onjo | auntie |
| fraĉjo | brother |
| franjo | sister |
is short, so PMEG adds -- to the whole word: o.
Mistakes English speakers make
| Wrong | Right | Why |
|---|---|---|
Johano. | Johanon. | an -o name takes -n |
Elisabethn | Elisabeth- | after a consonant: - |
Vigdíson | Vigdís | the title takes it |
Maĉjo (for Mario) | Manjo | -- for a woman |
Going further: What Zamenhof did and the rest of the guide, when you want them. This lesson does not need them.
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