donitaĵo

Four pieces, and every one of them is already yours.

don + it + aĵ + o

• don- is doni, to give, at rank 109.
• -it- is the past passive participle: a thing to which the giving has been done.
• -aĵ- makes a concrete thing out of whatever precedes it.
• -o is the noun ending.

A given thing. A datum. Put it in the plural and donitaĵoj is data, which is how you will almost always meet it, because one datum is rarely worth mentioning.

The -it-aĵ- stack is a machine, not a one-off. Once you can read this word you can read a whole family, because the participle slot takes any verb and -aĵ- turns the result into a thing:

• skribitaĵo - something that has been written, a piece of writing
• diritaĵo - a thing that has been said, a remark
• manĝitaĵo - what has been eaten
• trovitaĵo - a find

Swap the participle and the meaning moves with it. Donaĵo with no participle is a gift, the thing given as an act of giving; donotaĵo would be a thing about to be given. The tense lives in the middle three letters, which is the whole point of the system and the reason Esperanto can afford so few roots.

And the modern rival: datumo. Computing Esperanto coined datumo directly off Latin datum, and in software contexts it has largely won: datumbazo is a database, datumoj is what a program processes. Do not treat one as wrong. The honest split is register rather than correctness:

• donitaĵoj - the general word. Research findings, survey results, the figures in a report. Longer and slightly more literary.
• datumoj - the technical word. Files, fields, databases, anything a machine handles.

A statistician writing prose will use donitaĵoj. A programmer writing about storage will use datumoj. In a sentence about numbers on a page, either is read without a blink.

Watch the singular. English argues about whether data takes a singular or a plural verb. Esperanto does not have that argument, because the number is marked on the word: la donitaĵo estas for one, la donitaĵoj estas for many, and no style guide gets a say. Small mercy, but a real one.